且

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See also: 旦, 目, and 自

Template:character info/new

Translingual

Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

且 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月一 (BM), four-corner 77100, composition ⿴𠀃𠄠)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29
  • Dae Jaweon: page 154, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 15, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4E14

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 且
alternative forms 𠀇
𠀃

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 且
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
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Transcribed ancient scripts
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References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (且) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
虘 *zaːl, *zaː
蔖 *zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ
摣 *rnaː, *ʔsraː
袓 *ʔsjaː, *zaʔ
怚 *ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ
罝 *ʔsjaː
謯 *ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ
姐 *ʔsjaːʔ
抯 *ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː
飷 *ʔsjaːʔ
且 *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa
趄 *sʰjaːs, *sʰa
笡 *sʰjaːs
查 *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː
柤 *ʔsraː
樝 *ʔsraː
皻 *ʔsraː
渣 *ʔsraː
楂 *zraː
苴 *zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa
駔 *ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ
租 *ʔsaː
蒩 *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa
祖 *ʔsaːʔ
組 *ʔsaːʔ
珇 *ʔsaːʔ
靻 *ʔsaːʔ
粗 *sʰaː, *zaːʔ
徂 *zaː
殂 *zaː
麆 *zaːʔ, *zras
伹 *zaːʔ, *sʰa
蛆 *ʔsa, *sʰa
沮 *ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra
咀 *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ
疽 *sʰa
雎 *sʰa
狙 *sʰa, *sʰas
岨 *sʰa
砠 *sʰa
坥 *sʰa, *sʰas
刞 *sʰas
覰 *sʰas
覷 *sʰas
跙 *zaʔ
筯 *das
菹 *ʔsra
葅 *ʔsra
阻 *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
俎 *ʔsraʔ
詛 *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
鉏 *zra, *zraʔ
豠 *zra
鋤 *zra
耡 *zra, *zras
齟 *zraʔ
助 *zras

Pictogram (象形) . Multiple interpretations:

  • A sacrificial vessel used for chopping and holding meat, as viewed from above (Wang, 1923) – original form of 俎 (OC *ʔsraʔ).
  • An erect penis, the symbol of the male ancestor (Guo, 1931) – original form of 祖 (OC *ʔsaːʔ).
  • A stone altar – original form of 祖 (OC *ʔsaːʔ).

In the oracle bones and bronze inscriptions, this character was commonly used as 祖 (OC *ʔsaːʔ). Usage as 俎 (OC *ʔsraʔ) is not attested until the Warring States period in the bamboo script.

Etymology

“and; also; almost; be going to”
Cognate with 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • 2qia - vernacular;
  • 2qi - literary.
    Rime
    Character 且
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 清 (14)
    Final (韻) 麻 (100)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 七也切
    Baxter tshjaeX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡sʰiaX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡sʰiaX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡sʰiaX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sʰiaX/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡sʰiaX/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sʰĭaX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡sʰi̯aX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qiě
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ce2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 且
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qiě
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tshjæX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[tsʰ]Aʔ/
    English moreover

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 且
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 10379
    Phonetic
    component         		且
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		且
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sʰjaːʔ/

    Definitions

    (deprecated template usage) 且

    1. this
    2. almost; nearly
    3. be going to; will; shall
    4. just; for the time being
    5. even (placed after a hypothetical extreme scenario for emphasis)
    6. (dialectal Mandarin) for a long time
      這水太燙，且得晾會兒呢。 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      这水太烫，且得晾会儿呢。 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Zhè shuǐ tài tàng, qiě děi liàng huǐr ne. [Pinyin]
      This water is so hot; [it] need to be left alone to cool down for a long time.
      這活兒且幹不完呢。 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      这活儿且干不完呢。 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Zhèi huór qiě gàn bu wán ne. [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    7. and; also (for juxtaposition)
      而且  ―  érqiě  ―  and; but also
    8. both ... and ...
    9. or (to list alternatives)
    10. moreover (to indicate progression)
    11. if; assuming (to indicate hypotheticality)
    12. sentence-initial or sentence-medial modal particle
    13. a surname

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 2

    Rime
    Character 且
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 精 (13)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 子魚切
    Baxter tsjo
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡sɨʌ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡siɔ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡siɔ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sɨə̆/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡siɔ/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sĭo/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡si̯wo/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jū
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zeoi1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 且
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jū
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsjo ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tsa/
    English [final particle]

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 且
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10413
    Phonetic
    component         		且
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		且
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔsa/

    Definitions

    (deprecated template usage) 且

    1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 俎 (zǔ, “chopping board”).
    2. many; numerous; flourishing
    3. sixth month in the lunar calendar
    4. sentence-final modal particle
    5. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 駔／驵 (zǎng, “steed”).

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 3

    Definitions

    (deprecated template usage) 且

    1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 徂 (cú, “to go to”).

    Pronunciation 4

    Definitions

    (deprecated template usage) 且

    1. Only used in 次且 (“hesitant in walking”).

    (deprecated template usage)

    Japanese

    Kanji

    且

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. moreover
    2. also
    3. furthermore

    Readings

    Compounds

    Related terms

    Korean

    Hanja

    且 • (cha, jeo, jo)

    • Eumhun:
      • Sound (hangeul): 차, 저, 조 (revised: cha, jeo, jo, McCune–Reischauer: ch'a, chŏ, cho)
      • Name (hangeul): 또, 공경스러울, 도마Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Please migrate to the syntax described at Template:ko-hanja/new
        (revised: tto, gonggyeongseureoul, doma, McCune–Reischauer: tto, konggyŏngsǔrǒul, toma)
    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    且: Hán Nôm readings: thả, vả, vã

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References

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