咬
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]咬 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口卜金大 (RYCK), four-corner 60048, composition ⿰口交)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 186, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3543
- Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 621, character 2
- Unihan data for U+54AC
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
烄 | *keːws, *kreːwʔ |
礮 | *pʰreːws |
交 | *kreːw |
郊 | *kreːw |
茭 | *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ |
蛟 | *kreːw |
鮫 | *kreːw |
鵁 | *kreːw |
咬 | *kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw |
鉸 | *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *kreːws |
佼 | *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ |
詨 | *kreːw, *qʰreːws, *ɡreːws |
絞 | *kreːwʔ |
狡 | *kreːwʔ |
姣 | *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw |
筊 | *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw |
校 | *kreːws, *ɡreːws |
珓 | *kreːws |
跤 | *kʰreːw |
頝 | *kʰreːw |
骹 | *kʰraːw |
齩 | *ŋɡreːwʔ |
洨 | *ɡreːw |
胶 | *ɡreːw |
效 | *ɡreːws |
効 | *ɡreːws |
傚 | *ɡreːws |
皎 | *keːwʔ |
恔 | *keːwʔ |
晈 | *keːwʔ |
窔 | *qeːws |
駮 | *pqreːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw).
(oral sex): Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 口 + 交.
Etymology 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
咬 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 齩 |
Perhaps Sino-Tibetan; compare Chepang ङेव्ह्सा (ŋewh-, “to nibble”) (Schuessler, 2007). The Min vernacular readings are reminiscent of Proto-Tai *giəwꟲ (“to chew”), whence Thai เคี้ยว (kíao) (ibid.).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngao3
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): gàu
- Eastern Min (BUC): gâ / ngāu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ngau; 6yau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǎo
- Wade–Giles: yao3
- Yale: yǎu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeau
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ngao3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngao
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋau⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaau5
- Yale: ngáauh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaau5
- Guangdong Romanization: ngao5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːu̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngau2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡau⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngâu
- Hakka Romanization System: ngauˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngau1
- Sinological IPA: /ŋau̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gàu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kau⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gâ / ngāu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑ²⁴²/, /ŋau³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- gâ - vernacular;
- ngāu - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǎ
- Tâi-lô: kǎ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ka²²/
- IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /ka³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngáu
- Tâi-lô: ngáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngao
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ŋãu⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋãu⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gáu
- Tâi-lô: gáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: gao
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡau⁵⁵⁴/
Note:
- kā/kǎ - vernacular;
- ngáu/gáu - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 咬 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /iɑu²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /iau²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /iɑu¹³/ | |
Jinan | /iɔ⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /iɔ⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /iau⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /niau⁵³/ | |
Xining | /ȵiɔ⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /iɔ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /iɔ⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /ȵiɔ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /iau⁴²/ /ŋau⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /ŋau⁵³/ /ȵiau⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /ŋao⁴²/ 老 /niao⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /iɔ⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /iɔo²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /iɔ²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /niau⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /ȵiɔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /niɔ⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ŋɔ²³/ /ɦiɔ²³/ |
Suzhou | /ŋæ³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /ʔiɔ⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ŋuɔ³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ŋɔ³⁵/ /ŋo³⁵/ /iɔ³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /ŋo²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʐau⁴¹/ /ŋau⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /ŋaɯ⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ŋɑu²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋau⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋɑu²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋau²³/ |
Nanning | /ŋɛu²⁴/ | |
Hong Kong | /ŋau¹³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /gau⁵³/ /ŋau⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋau³²/ /kɑ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kau⁴²/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /ka³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ka³³/ |
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡreːwʔ/
Definitions
[edit]咬
- to bite; to snap at; to gnaw
- to incriminate; to accuse
- to articulate; to pronounce
- 1919, 《新舊約全書:官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 士師記 [Judges] 12:6:
- 就對他說、你說示播列.以法蓮人、因爲咬不眞字音、便說西播列. [MSC, trad.]
- jiù duì tā shuō, Nǐ shuō shìbōliè. Yǐfǎliánrén, yīnwèi yǎo bù zhēn zìyīn, biàn shuō xībōliè. [Pinyin]
- they said to him, “Then say Shibboleth,” and he [the Ephraimite] said, “Sibboleth,” for he could not pronounce it right. (English Standard Version)
就对他说、你说示播列.以法莲人、因为咬不真字音、便说西播列. [MSC, simp.]
- to be nitpicking on words
- (of dog) to bark
- (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) itchy
- (neologism, slang, euphemistic) Alternative form of 口交 (kǒujiāo, “oral sex; to perform oral sex on”)
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 一口咬定 (yīkǒuyǎodìng)
- 一口咬死
- 切齒咬牙/切齿咬牙
- 反咬
- 咬人狗
- 咬人貓/咬人猫
- 咬住
- 咬合 (yǎohé)
- 咬合不正
- 咬合調整/咬合调整
- 咬嘴
- 咬嚼 (yǎojué)
- 咬字 (yǎozì)
- 咬字兒/咬字儿
- 咬字眼兒/咬字眼儿
- 咬定
- 咬定牙根
- 咬定牙關/咬定牙关
- 咬手
- 咬文嚼字 (yǎowénjiáozì)
- 咬斷鐵/咬断铁
- 咬春
- 咬牙 (yǎoyá)
- 咬牙切齒/咬牙切齿 (yǎoyáqièchǐ)
- 咬破
- 咬秋
- 咬緊/咬紧
- 咬緊牙關/咬紧牙关 (yǎojǐnyáguān)
- 咬群
- 咬耳仔
- 咬耳朵 (yǎo ěrduo)
- 咬舌
- 咬舌兒/咬舌儿 (yǎoshér)
- 咬舌子 (yǎoshézi)
- 咬舌根
- 咬舌頭/咬舌头
- 咬菜根
- 咬薑呷醋/咬姜呷醋 (yǎojiāngxiácù)
- 咬釘嚼鐵/咬钉嚼铁
- 咬頭/咬头
- 啖指咬舌
- 嚼咬人
- 弄狗相咬
- 怒目咬牙 (nùmù yǎoyá)
- 毒咬
- 炒咬
- 狗咬狗 (gǒuyǎogǒu)
- 老咬蟲/老咬虫
- 虎咬豬/虎咬猪 (hǔyǎozhū)
Etymology 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
咬 |
---|
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
- Wade–Giles: chiao1
- Yale: jyāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
- Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: kaew
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreːw/
Definitions
[edit]咬
- Only used in 咬咬.
Etymology 3
[edit]simp. and trad. |
咬 |
---|
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yao
- Wade–Giles: yao1
- Yale: yāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iau
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: 'aew
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*qreːw/
Definitions
[edit]咬
References
[edit]- “咬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #4789”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]咬
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: きょう (kyō)←けう (keu, historical); ぎょう (gyō)←げう (geu, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō)←かう (kau, historical); ごう (gō)←がう (gau, historical)
- Kun: かむ (kamu, 咬む)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]咬 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]咬: Hán Nôm readings: giảo, rao, ngẩu, ngấu, ngảo, ngảu, ngáu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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