-ja
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ja"
English
Suffix
-ja
- (colloquial) You, ya; only used after a /d/ sound.
Derived terms
Related terms
Anagrams
Emilian
Pronunciation
Pronoun
-ja (personal, nominative case)
- (enclitic) Alternative form of a
Related terms
Emilian personal pronouns (weak forms)
Number | Person | Gender | Proclitic | Enclitic | Aphetic | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | A | D | R | N | A | D | R | N | A | D | R | |||
Singular | First | — | aj- | m’ | -ja | -em | -ja | -m | ||||||
Second | — | t- | t’ | -et | -t | |||||||||
Third | Masculine | l- | g’ | s’ | -el | -eg | -es | -l | -g | -s | ||||
Feminine | l’ | -la | -la | |||||||||||
Plural | First | — | aj- | s’ | -ja | -es | -ja | -s | ||||||
Second | — | aj- | v’ | -ev | -v | |||||||||
Third | Masculine | j- | g’ | s’ | -i | -eg | -es | -j | -g | -s | ||||
Feminine | elj- | -li | -li |
Estonian
Etymology 1
Suffix
-ja (genitive -ja, partitive -jat)
- -er; appended to verbal stems to form agent nouns, especially human ones
Declension
Declension of -ja (ÕS type 1/ohutu, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -ja | -jad | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | -ja | ||
genitive | -jate | ||
partitive | -jat | -jaid | |
illative | -jasse | -jatesse -jaisse | |
inessive | -jas | -jates -jais | |
elative | -jast | -jatest -jaist | |
allative | -jale | -jatele -jaile | |
adessive | -jal | -jatel -jail | |
ablative | -jalt | -jatelt -jailt | |
translative | -jaks | -jateks -jaiks | |
terminative | -jani | -jateni | |
essive | -jana | -jatena | |
abessive | -jata | -jateta | |
comitative | -jaga | -jatega |
Derived terms
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-ja
Finnish
Etymology
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Pronunciation
Suffix
-ja (front vowel harmony variant -jä, linguistic notation -jA)
- Forms agent nouns, especially human ones; -er
Usage notes
- If the stem ends in -e-, this changes to -i- before adding -ja.
- juosta; juokse- -> juoksija
- näytellä; näyttele- -> näyttelijä
Declension
The original verb affects the declension type of the derivation.
If the -ja ending is preceded by -i-, it is declined as kulkija.
Inflection of -ja (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | -ja | -jat | ||
genitive | -jan | -joiden -joitten | ||
partitive | -jaa | -joita | ||
illative | -jaan | -joihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | -ja | -jat | ||
accusative | nom. | -ja | -jat | |
gen. | -jan | |||
genitive | -jan | -joiden -joitten -jainrare | ||
partitive | -jaa | -joita | ||
inessive | -jassa | -joissa | ||
elative | -jasta | -joista | ||
illative | -jaan | -joihin | ||
adessive | -jalla | -joilla | ||
ablative | -jalta | -joilta | ||
allative | -jalle | -joille | ||
essive | -jana | -joina | ||
translative | -jaksi | -joiksi | ||
abessive | -jatta | -joitta | ||
instructive | — | -join | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -ja (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Otherwise, it is declined as koira.
Inflection of -ja (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | -ja | -jat | ||
genitive | -jan | -jien | ||
partitive | -jaa | -jia | ||
illative | -jaan | -jiin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | -ja | -jat | ||
accusative | nom. | -ja | -jat | |
gen. | -jan | |||
genitive | -jan | -jien -jainrare | ||
partitive | -jaa | -jia | ||
inessive | -jassa | -jissa | ||
elative | -jasta | -jista | ||
illative | -jaan | -jiin | ||
adessive | -jalla | -jilla | ||
ablative | -jalta | -jilta | ||
allative | -jalle | -jille | ||
essive | -jana | -jina | ||
translative | -jaksi | -jiksi | ||
abessive | -jatta | -jitta | ||
instructive | — | -jin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -ja (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
See also
Gothic
Romanization
-ja
- Romanization of -𐌾𐌰
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ja
- (possessive suffix) his, her, its, -'s, of (third-person singular, single possession)
- (possessive suffix, after a plural possessor) -s', of…-s (third-person plural, single possession)
- palota (“palace”) → az uralkodók palotája (“the rulers’ palace”)
- (with time expressions, referring to a point in time) ago
- (with time expressions, referring to a duration of time preceding the point of time in question) for
- Egy órája várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for an hour.
Usage notes
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -a is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -e is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ja is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-; final -o changes to -ó-.
- -je is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-; final -ö changes to -ő-.
- This suffix (in all forms) is normally used for the third-person singular possessive (single possession) but, after an explicit plural possessor, it also expresses the third-person plural possessive (single possession), e.g. “the children’s ball” (a gyerekek labdája). If the possessor is implicit (not named, only marked by a suffix), the plural possessive suffix must be used, e.g. “their ball” (a labdájuk, see -juk and its variants).
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -ja | — |
accusative | -ját | — |
dative | -jának | — |
instrumental | -jával | — |
causal-final | -jáért | — |
translative | -jává | — |
terminative | -jáig | — |
essive-formal | -jaként | — |
essive-modal | -jául | — |
inessive | -jában | — |
superessive | -ján | — |
adessive | -jánál | — |
illative | -jába | — |
sublative | -jára | — |
allative | -jához | — |
elative | -jából | — |
delative | -járól | — |
ablative | -jától | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
-jáé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
-jáéi | — |
Suffix
-ja
- (personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person singular present tense of back-vowel verbs (both in indicative and subjunctive mood).
- tud (“to know”) → Tudja, hogy mit akar. (“He/she knows what he/she wants”; literally, “He/she knows that which he/she wants.”)
- tartalmaz (“to contain”) → tartalmazza (“it contains [that]”)
Usage notes
- (personal suffix) The j assimilates to the final s, sz, z, dz. See harmonic variants in the tables below.
Present tense definite – personal endings
Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -om | -em | -öm |
te | 2nd person singular | -od | -ed | -öd |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular |
-ja | -i | |
mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -itek | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural |
-ják | -ik | |
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
Subjunctive/imperative definite – personal endings
Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
én | 1st person singular | -jam | -jem | |
te | 2nd person singular | -d | ||
long form | -jad | -jed | ||
ő maga / ön |
3rd person singular | -ja | -je | |
mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -jétek | |
ők maguk / önök |
3rd person plural | -ják | -jék | |
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
Verb ending | Assimilation rules of -j | |||
s sz z dz |
The -j assimilates to the verb ending: keres → keress metsz → metssz hoz → hozz edz → eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.) | |||
st szt |
The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz: fest → fess fáraszt → fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd. | |||
long vowel + t or consonant + t |
The -j becomes -s: segít → segíts bont → bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd. | |||
short vowel + t | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s: mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd. |
See also
Maltese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
See the lemma.
Suffix
-ja
- Alternative form of -a (feminine, plural, or singulative ending), used with stems ending in -i, -j.
Etymology 2
From Arabic يَ (ya), alternative form of ي (-ī).
Suffix
-ja
- Alternative form of -i (1st-person singular non-verbal pronominal suffix), used with stems ending in vowels or diphthongs.
Serbo-Croatian
Suffix
-ja (Cyrillic spelling -ја)
- Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer or a feature, usually negative.
See also
Categories:
- English lemmas
- English suffixes
- English colloquialisms
- English eye dialect
- Emilian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Emilian lemmas
- Emilian pronouns
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian suffixes
- Estonian noun-forming suffixes
- Estonian ohutu-type nominals
- Estonian adverb-forming suffixes
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish noun-forming suffixes
- Finnish kulkija-type nominals
- Finnish koira-type nominals
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/jɒ
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese terms with homophones
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese suffixes
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian suffixes