over

See also: over-, över, över-, and øver

English

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old English (deprecated template usage) ofer, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic *uber, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *upér-, a comparative form of *upo; akin to Dutch (deprecated template usage) over, German (deprecated template usage) ober, (deprecated template usage) über, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old High German (deprecated template usage) ubir, (deprecated template usage) ubar, Danish (deprecated template usage) over, Swedish (deprecated template usage) över, Icelandic (deprecated template usage) yfir, Gothic (deprecated template usage) 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂 (ufar), Latin (deprecated template usage) super, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ancient Greek (deprecated template usage) , Albanian (deprecated template usage) epër, Sanskrit (deprecated template usage) उपरि (upari).

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/
• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /ˈoʊ.vɚ/
• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter)

  Audio (US):

  (file)

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Rhymes: -əʊvə(ɹ)
• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Hyphenation: o‧ver

Adjective

over (comparative more over, superlative most over)

1. Finished; ended or concluded.

   The show is over.

Translations

ended

• Danish: forbi (da)
• Dutch: voorbij (nl)
• Esperanto: finita
• Finnish: lopussa, ohi (fi)
• French: fini (fr), terminé (fr)
• Galician: rematado m
• German: vorbei (de)
• Icelandic: búinn (is)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Irish: ós cionn
• Italian: terminato (it), finito (it)
• Norwegian: over (no), slutt
• Russian: око́нченный (okónčennyj)
• Scottish Gaelic: seachad
• Slovene: končan
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: mimo

• Spanish: terminado (es), acabado (es)
• Swedish: över (sv), slut (sv)

through with

• Esperanto: fininta
• Finnish: päässyt irti
• French: fini (fr), terminé (fr)
• Irish: críochnaithe
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: terminato (it), finito (it)
• Norwegian: over (no)
• Spanish: terminado (es), acabado (es)
• Swedish: (komma) över (sv)

Adverb

over (not comparable)

1. Thoroughly; completely; from beginning to end.
   • 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond

     During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]

2. From an upright position to being horizontal.

3. Horizontally; left to right or right to left.

4. From one position or state to another.

5. Overnight (throughout the night).

6. (deprecated template usage) (US, usually with do) Again; another time; once more; over again.

Translations

again

• Dutch: overnieuw, opnieuw (nl)
• Finnish: uudestaan (fi), uudelleen (fi)
• French: encore (fr), re- (fr)
• Ido: itere (io)
• Irish: arís (ga)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: nuovamente (it), ancora (it)
• Portuguese: de novo,
• Russian: сно́ва (ru) (snóva), опя́ть (ru) (opjátʹ)
• Swedish: igen (sv), åter (sv)
• Turkish: tekrar (tr)

from upright to on its side

• Dutch: om (nl)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Swedish: omkull (sv)

horizontally; from one place to another

• Swedish: över (sv)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

overnight

• Swedish: över (sv)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

Noun

over (plural overs)

1. (deprecated template usage) (cricket) A set of six legal balls bowled.
2. Any surplus amount of money, goods delivered, etc.
   • 2008, G. Puttick, Sandy van Esch, The Principles and Practice of Auditing (page 609)

     ...standard cash count forms used to record the count and any overs or unders.

Preposition

over

1. Physical positioning.
   1. On top of; above; higher than; further up.
      • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)

        Over them gleamed far off the crimson banners of morning.

      • Template:quote-magazine
   2. Across or spanning.
      • Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

        Certain lakes […] poison birds which fly over them.

      • Template:quote-magazine
   3. In such a way as to cover.

   4. From one physical position to another via an obstacle that must be traversed vertically, first upwards and then downwards.

2. By comparison.
   1. More than; to a greater degree.

   2. Beyond; past; exceeding; too much or too far.

   3. (in certain collocations) As compared to.

3. (mathematics) Divided by.

4. Finished with; done with; from one state to another via a hindrance that must be solved or defeated; or via a third state that represents a significant difference from the first two.

5. While using, especially while consuming.
   • 1990, Seymour Chatman, Coming to Terms, Cornell, ISBN 0801497361, page 100[1]:

     Six diners in business clothes—five attractive young women and a balding middle-aged man—relax over cigarettes.

   • 1998, Marian Swerdlow, Underground Woman, Temple, ISBN 1566396107, page 88 [2]:

     Sunday had been my favorite day at Woodlawn. A long W.A.A. [="work as assigned" period], having coffee and croissants with Mark over the Sunday Times.

   • 2009, Sara Pennypacker, The Great Egyptian Grave Robbery, Scholastic, ISBN 9780545207867, page 79:

     Over meatloaf and mashed potatoes (being careful not to talk with his mouth full), Stanley told about his adventure.

6. Concerning or regarding.
   • Template:quote-magazine
7. Above, implying superiority after a contest; in spite of; notwithstanding.

Usage notes

When used in the context of "from one location to another", over implies that the two places are at approximately the same height or the height difference is not relevant. For example, if two offices are on the same floor of a building, an office worker might say I'll bring that over for you, while if the offices were on different floors, the sentence would likely be I'll bring that up [down] for you. However, distances are not constrained, e.g. He came over from England last year and now lives in Los Angeles or I moved the stapler over to the other side of my desk.

Translations

above

• Arabic: فوق (ar) (fauq)
• Armenian: վերևում (verewum)
• Chinese: 在之上 (zài...zhīshàng)
• Dutch: over (nl)
• Faroese: yvir
• Finnish: päällä (fi), yllä (fi), yläpuolella
• French: sur (fr)
• German: über (de)
• Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂 (ufar)
• Hungarian: fölött (hu)
• Icelandic: yfir (is)
• Irish: ós cionn
• Italian: sopra (it)
• Japanese: 上に (うえに, ue ni)
• Korean: 위에 (wie)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Kurdish:

  Sorani:

• Latin: supra (la)
• Neapolitan: ngoppe
• Norwegian: over (no)
• Polish: nad (pl)
• Portuguese: sobre (pt)
• Russian: над (ru) (nad)
• Slovene: nad (sl)
• Spanish: sobre (es)
• Swedish: över (sv)
• Turkish: üstünde (tr)
• West Frisian: oer
• Yiddish: איבער (iber)

across

• Armenian: վրայով (vrayov)
• Czech: přes (cs)
• Finnish: yli (fi)
• French: au-delà (fr)
• Italian: al di là
• Kurdish:

  Sorani: ,

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Norwegian: over (no)
• Russian: через (ru) (čérez)
• Slovene: čez
• Spanish: sobre (es)
• Swedish: över (sv)
• Yiddish: איבער (iber)

covering

• Armenian: վրա (vra)
• Finnish: päällä (fi)
• Italian: sopra (it)
• Kurdish:

  Sorani: ,

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Slovene: čez
• Spanish: sobre (es)
• Swedish: över (sv)
• Yiddish: איבער (iber)

more than

• Finnish: enemmän kuin
• Italian: più di
• Russian: сверх (ru) (sverx), более чем (bóleje čem)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Slovene: preko
• Swedish: över (sv)

beyond, past

• Armenian: դուրս (durs)
• Finnish: yli (fi), ylitse
• Norwegian: over (no)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Swedish: över (sv)
• Turkish: üzerinde (tr), üstünde (tr), ötesinde

divided by

• French: sur (fr)
• Hebrew: חלקי (khelkéi), לחלק ל־ (lekhalék l'-)
• Japanese: 割る (waru)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Korean: 나누기 (ko) (nanugi)
• Swedish: över (sv), genom (sv)

while using, consuming

• Swedish: över (sv)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• (deprecated template usage) Dutch: over
• (deprecated template usage) Esperanto: super
• (deprecated template usage) French: sur, au dessus de
• (deprecated template usage) German: über
• (deprecated template usage) Italian: sopra
• (deprecated template usage) Romanian: peste, deasupra

Interjection

over

1. In radio communications: end of sentence, ready to receive reply.

   How do you receive? Over!

Translations

end of sentence in radio communication

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 完毕 (zh) (wán bì)

• Finnish: kuuntelen ("listening")
• French: à vous
• German: Schluss (de), kommen (de)
• Italian: passo (it)
• Japanese: どうぞ
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Portuguese: câmbio (pt)
• Russian: приём (ru) (prijóm)
• Serbo-Croatian: prijem (sh) m
• Spanish: cambio (es)
• Swedish: över (sv)
• Turkish: tamam (tr)

Related terms

• all over but the shouting
• arse over tits
  • ass over elbows
  • ass over teacups
  • ass over teakettle
  • base over apex
• bend over
• comb-over
• come over
• crying over spilt milk
• hand over fist

• handover
• haze over
• hold-over
• hold over one's head
• keel over
• overachieve
• overalls
• overarm
• overcast
• overcoat
• over easy

• overfamiliar
• overhead
• overland
• overly
• over my dead body
• over one's head
• overreach
• overshoot
• overshot
• over the line

• over the top
• over to
• overturn
• picked-over
• pullover
• pull the wool over somebody's eyes
• screwed-over
• step over
• turn over a new leaf
• when hell freezes over

References

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "The semantic network for over", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

Statistics

• Template:rank

Anagrams

• rove, vore

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Danish

Etymology 1

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Norse (deprecated template usage) yfir.

Preposition

over

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Norse (deprecated template usage) ofar.

Adverb

over

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 3

Shortening of (deprecated template usage) overkrydder.

Noun

over c (singular definite overen, plural indefinite overe)

1. The upper curved portion of a piece of bread, herbs, and other foods.

Inflection

Declension of over

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	over	overen	overe	overne
genitive	overs	overens	overes	overnes

Derived terms

• overkrydder

Etymology 4

Borrowing from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] English (deprecated template usage) over.

Noun

over c (singular definite overen, plural indefinite overe or overs)

1. (deprecated template usage) (cricket) A set of six legal balls bowled, an over.

Inflection

Declension of over

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	over	overen	overe overs	overne
genitive	overs	overens	overes overs'	overnes

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Dutch

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Dutch *ovar, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic *uber, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *upér, from *upo. Compare German (deprecated template usage) ober, English (deprecated template usage) over.

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter)

  audio:

  (file)

Adverb

over

1. over, above
2. (deprecated template usage) (postpositional) over (implying motion)

   Kijk uit, er steekt een hond de straat over.

   Look out, a dog is crossing over the street.

3. remaining, left over

   Na het feest was er bijna geen eten meer over.

   After the party there was barely any food remaining.

4. (deprecated template usage) (in compounds) excessively, more than
5. passing by, going away

   De pijn gaat weer over.

   The pain is going away again.

Antonyms

• (over): onder

Derived terms

nouns

• overheid

adjectives

• overduidelijk
• overmatig

Template:mid4 verbs

• overblijven
• overdoen
• overgeven
• overjaars

• overleven
• overnemen
• overrijden
• overtreden

• overtreffen
• overtuigen
• overwegen
• overwinnen

Preposition

1. over
2. about, concerning

Inflection

Pronominal adverbs of over

preposition	over
postpositional adv.	over
+ het (it)	erover
+ dit (this)	hierover
+ dat (that)	daarover
+ wat (what)	waarover
+ iets (something)	ergens over
+ niets (nothing)	nergens over
+ alles (everything)	overal over

Derived terms

• overheen

Anagrams

• rove, Voer, voer

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Latin

Verb

(deprecated template usage) over

1. (deprecated template usage) first-person singular present passive subjunctive of ovō

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Middle Dutch

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Dutch (deprecated template usage) over, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic *uber.

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /ˈɔːvər/

Preposition

ōver

1. over, above
2. across
3. towards
4. during
5. ago, some duration in the past
6. after, following (a duration)
7. about, concerning
8. due to, because of

Antonyms

• (over): onder

Adverb

ōver

1. over
2. across, on the other side
3. plenty, more than enough
4. used up, finished
5. once again

Descendants

• Dutch: over

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Middle Low German

Alternative forms

• aver
• över

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Saxon (deprecated template usage) over, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic *uber, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic *ubiri.

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): [ɔːvɛr]̯ (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): [œːvɛr]
• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): [ɒːvɛr]̯ (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): [ɶːvɛr]

Preposition

over

1. over, above
2. across
3. about, concerning

Usage notes

It is not clear whether the umlaut was connected with semantic differences.

Antonyms

• (over): under

Adverb

over

1. across, on the other side
2. over (finished, ceased)

Usage notes

It is not clear whether the umlaut was connected with semantic differences.

Descendants

• Middle Low German: aver, över

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Norwegian Bokmål

Preposition

over

1. above
2. past
3. over; more than

Adverb

over

1. over
2. across

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Preposition

over

1. above
2. past
3. over; more than

Adverb

over

1. over
2. across