ton

See also: Ton, TON, tón, tòn, tốn, tợn, -ton, and Appendix:Variations of "ton"

English

Etymology 1

Variant of tun (“cask”), influenced by Old French tonne (“ton”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʌn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Audio (AU)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʌn

Noun

ton (plural tons)

1. A unit of weight (mass) equal to 2240 pounds (a long ton) or 2000 pounds (a short ton) or 1000 kilograms (a metric ton).
2. A unit of volume; register ton.
3. In refrigeration and air conditioning, a unit of thermal power defined as 12,000 BTU/h (about 3.514 kW or 3024 kcal/h), originally the rate of cooling provided by uniform isothermal melting of one short ton of ice per day at 32 °F (0 °C).
4. (colloquial, hyperbolic) A large amount.

   I’ve got a ton of work to do.

   I've got tons of work to do.

5. (slang) A speed of 100 mph.
6. (slang) One hundred pounds sterling.
7. (cricket) One hundred runs.
8. (darts, snooker, etc.) One hundred points.

Synonyms

• (large amount): heap, load, pile
• (one-hundred runs): century
• See also Thesaurus:lot

Derived terms

Derived terms

• displacement ton
• long ton
• measurement ton

• metric ton (tonne)
• register ton
• short ton

Translations

unit of weight

• Albanian: ton (sq) m
• Arabic: طُن m (ṭun) ((plural:) أَطْنَان m pl (ʔaṭnān))
• Armenian: տոննա (hy) (tonna)
• Azerbaijani: ton (az)
• Belarusian: то́на f (tóna)
• Bengali: টন (bn) (ṭon)
• Bulgarian: тон (bg) m (ton)
• Burmese: တန် (my) (tan)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 噸／吨 (zh) (dūn), 吨 (zh) (dūn, dùn), 公噸／公吨 (zh) (gōngdūn), 公吨 (zh) (gōngdūn, gōngdùn)

• Czech: tuna (cs) f
• Danish: ton (da) n or c
• Dutch: ton (nl)
• Esperanto: tuno
• Estonian: tonn (et)
• Faroese: tons n
• Finnish: tonni (fi)
• French: tonne (fr) f
• Georgian: ტონა (ṭona)
• German: Tonne (de) f
• Greek: τόνος (el) m (tónos)
• Hebrew: טוֹן (he) m (ton)
• Hindi: टन (hi) m (ṭan)
• Hungarian: tonna (hu)
• Icelandic: tonn (is)
• Ido: tuno (io)
• Indonesian: ton (id)
• Italian: tonnellata (it) f
• Japanese: トン (ja) (ton)
• Kazakh: тонна (tonna)
• Khmer: តោន (km) (taon), តូន (km) (toon)
• Korean: 톤 (ko) (ton)
• Kyrgyz: тонна (ky) (tonna)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Lao: ຕັນ (tan), ໂຕນ (tōn)
• Latvian: tonna f
• Lithuanian: tona (lt) f
• Macedonian: тон m (ton)
• Malay: tan
• Mongolian: тонн (mn) (tonn)
• Norman: tonné f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: tonn n

• Persian: تن (fa) (ton)
• Polish: tona (pl) f
• Portuguese: tonelada (pt) f
• Romanian: tonă (ro) f
• Russian: то́нна (ru) f (tónna)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: тона f

  Roman: tona (sh) f

• Slovak: tona f
• Slovene: ton (sl) m
• Spanish: tonelada (es) f
• Swahili: tani
• Swedish: ton (sv)
• Tajik: тонна (tonna)
• Tatar: тонн (tonn), тонна (tonna)
• Thai: ตัน (th) (dtan)
• Turkish: ton (tr)
• Turkmen: tonna
• Ukrainian: то́нна (uk) f (tónna)
• Urdu: ٹن (ur) m (ṭan)
• Uzbek: tonna (uz)
• Vietnamese: tấn (vi)
• Yiddish: טאַן (tan)

register ton

• Arabic: طُنّ مُسَجَّل m (ṭunn musajjal)
• Finnish: rekisteritonni
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Hungarian: regisztertonna
• Italian: tonnellata (it) f

large amount

• Finnish: läjäpäin
• French: tonne (fr) f, flopée (fr) f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Hungarian: rengeteg (hu), (egy) rakás, (egy) halom, egy csomó
• Spanish: a base de bien, a cholón (es), a cascoporro (es), a porrillo, a espuertas, a mansalva (es), a punta de pala, a patadas
• Swedish: ton (sv), tonvis

speed of 100 mph

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Hungarian: száz mérföld per óra, óránként száz mérföld(-es sebesség)

£100

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Hungarian: száz font

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French ton (“manner”), from Latin tonus. Doublet of tone, tune, and tonus.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /tɔ̃/, /tɒn/

Noun

ton (uncountable)

1. Fashion, the current style, the vogue.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Byron to this entry?)

   • 1814 July, [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 191:

     A clergyman cannot be high in state or fashion. He must not head mobs, or set the ton in dress.

   • Thackeray

     If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish.

2. Fashionable society; those in style.

Related terms

• bon ton

Etymology 3

Noun

ton (plural tons)

1. The common tunny, or horse mackerel.

Anagrams

• NOT, NTO, Not., ONT, Ont, Ont., TNO, not, not., on't

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Antillean Creole

Etymology

From French thon.

Noun

ton

1. tuna

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Catalan

Etymology

From , from Vulgar Latin *tum, reduced form of Latin tuus, tuum, from Proto-Italic *towos. Compare Occitan and French ton.

In unstressed position in Vulgar Latin tuum, tuam etc. were monosyllabic and regularly became ton, ta etc. in Catalan. When stressed they were disyllabic and became teu, tua > teua etc.

Determiner

ton m (feminine ta, masculine plural tos, feminine plural tes)

1. your (singular)

Usage notes

The use of ton and the other possessive determiners is mostly archaic in the majority of dialects, with articulated possessive pronouns (e.g. el meu) mostly being used in their stead. However, mon, ton, and son are still widely used before certain nouns referring to family members and some affective nouns, such as amic, casa, and vida. Which nouns actually find use with the possessive determiners depends greatly on the locale.

The standard masculine plural form is tos, but tons can be found in some dialects.

See also

• teu

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Chuukese

Noun

ton

1. torch

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Crimean Tatar

Noun

ton (accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

1. fur coat

Derived terms

• şontuq ton: short fur

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Danish

Etymology

From English ton, variant of tun (“cask”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʌn/
• Rhymes: -ʌn

Noun

ton c or n (singular definite tonnet or tonnen, plural indefinite ton or tons, abbreviation t)

1. ton (unit of weight)

See also

• kilo, kilogram, kg

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch tonne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔn/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ton
• Rhymes: -ɔn

Noun

ton f (plural tonnen, diminutive tonnetje n)

1. barrel
2. ton (1000 kilograms)
3. 100,000 of some monetary unit, particularly guilders

   Dat zou zeker een ton kosten.

   Dat zou zeker een ton euro kosten.

   140.000 euro is bijna drie ton gulden

4. A large amount.

   Hij leende tonnen met geld. - He borrowed large amounts of money.

Derived terms

• karnton
• regenton
• tonnage
• waterton

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Finnish

Pronoun

ton

1. (colloquial) (deprecated template usage) genitive singular of toi
2. (colloquial) (deprecated template usage) accusative singular of toi

Anagrams

• -nto

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔ̃/

• audio

  (file)

• Homophone: thon

Etymology 1

From Old French ton, tos, from Latin tuus, from Proto-Indo-European *towos.

Determiner

ton m

1. (possessive) Your, thy (used to qualify masculine nouns and before vowel).

   Tu as pensé à prendre ton livre? — Did you think to take your book?

   Ton écriture est jolie. — Your writing is nice.

Derived terms

• tondit

Related terms

			Possessee
			Singular		Plural
			Masculine	Feminine
Possessor	Singular	First person	mon1	ma	mes
		Second person	ton1	ta	tes
		Third person	son1	sa	ses
	Plural	First person	notre		nos
		Second person	votre2		vos2
		Third person	leur		leurs

¹ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.

² Also used as the polite singular form.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin tonus. Doublet of tonus, a later borrowing.

Noun

ton m (plural tons)

1. Tone (sound of a particular frequency).
2. (music) Tone (interval).

   Il y a un ton entre do et ré — Doh and ray are separated by one tone.

3. Tone (manner of speaking).

   Je n'aime pas le ton sur lequel tu me parles! — I don’t like your tone! or I don’t like the way you are talking to me!

4. Tone, shade (of colour).

   Différents tons de rouge. — Several shades of red.

Anagrams

• ont

Further reading

• “ton”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Friulian

Etymology 1

From Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos). Compare Italian tuono, Romansch tun, tung, Dalmatian tun, Romanian tun.

Noun

ton m (plural tons)

1. thunder

Related terms

• tonâ

Etymology 2

From Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos). Compare Italian tonno.

Noun

ton m (plural tons)

1. tuna

Etymology 3

Ultimately borrowed from Latin tonus. Compare French ton, Italian tono.

Noun

ton m (plural tons)

1. tone

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Hausa

Etymology

Borrowed from English ton.

Noun

tôn m

1. ton (unit of weight)

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Irish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

ton m (genitive singular toin, nominative plural toin)

1. (biology, literature, music) tone

Declension

Declension of ton

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative ton toin Vocative a thoin a thona Genitive toin ton Dative ton toin

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an ton na toin Genitive an toin na dton Dative leis an ton don ton leis na toin

Derived terms

• aontonach (“monotonous; monotonic”, adj)
• aontonacht f (“monotonicity”)
• aonton m (“monotone”)
• hipeartonach (“hypertonic”, adj)
• hipeartonacht f (“hypertonicity”)
• iltonach (“polytonal”, adj)
• tonúil (“tonal”, adj)

 

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
ton	thon	dton
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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Japanese

Romanization

ton

1. Rōmaji transcription of とん

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Old French

Alternative forms

• toun (Anglo-Norman)
• tun (Anglo-Norman)

Etymology

From Latin tuus, tuum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ton/
• Rhymes: -on

Determiner

ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)

1. your (second-person singular possessive)

Descendants

• French: ton

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Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin thunnus.

Noun

ton m (oblique plural tons, nominative singular tons, nominative plural ton)

1. tuna (fish)

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “thynnus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume
  , page 318

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔn/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

ton m inan

1. (linguistics, music) tone

Declension

Declension of ton

	singular	plural
nominative	ton	tony
genitive	tonu	tonów
dative	tonowi	tonom
accusative	ton	tony
instrumental	tonem	tonami
locative	tonie	tonach
vocative	tonie	tony

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Romanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French thon.

Noun

ton m (plural toni)

1. tuna

Declension

Declension of ton

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) ton	tonul	(niște) toni	tonii
genitive/dative	(unui) ton	tonului	(unor) toni	tonilor
vocative	tonule		tonilor

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French ton, from Latin tonus. Doublet of tun.

Noun

ton n (plural tonuri)

1. tone

Declension

Declension of ton

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) ton	tonul	(niște) tonuri	tonurile
genitive/dative	(unui) ton	tonului	(unor) tonuri	tonurilor
vocative	tonule		tonurilor

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Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tôːn/

Noun

tȏn m (Cyrillic spelling то̑н)

1. tone

Declension

Declension of ton

	singular	plural
nominative	tȏn	tónovi
genitive	tona	tonova
dative	tonu	tonovima
accusative	ton	tonove
vocative	tone	tonovi
locative	tonu	tonovima
instrumental	tonom	tonovima

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Skolt Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *tonë.

Pronoun

ton

1. you (singular)

Inflection

Declension of ton

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ton	tuäna	tij
genitive	tuu	tuännai	tij
accusative	tuu	tuännaid	tiʹjjid
illative	tuʹnne	tuännaid	tiʹjjid
locative	tuʹst	tuännast	tiiʹst
comitative	tuin	tuännain	tiʹjjivuiʹm
abessive	tuutää	tuännaitää	tiʹjjitää
essive	tuuʹnen	tuännan	—
partitive	tuuʹđed	—	—

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[1], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

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Swedish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔn/
• Rhymes: -ɔn

Noun

ton n

1. tonne

Declension

Declension of ton
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	ton	tonnet	ton	tonnen
Genitive	tons	tonnets	tons	tonnens

Derived terms

• dödviktston
• tonkilometer
• tonnage
• tontal
• tontals
• tonvis

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /ˈtuːn/
• Rhymes: -uːn

Noun

ton c

1. tone (sound of a particular frequency)
2. (music) tone (interval)
3. tone (behaviour)

   att hålla god ton ― to talk politely (e.g. in a debate)

4. tone, shade (of colour)

Declension

Declension of ton
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	ton	tonen	toner	tonerna
Genitive	tons	tonens	toners	tonernas

Related terms

• grundton
• halvton
• tona
• tonal
• tonalitet
• tonarm
• tonart
• tonband
• tonbildning
• tondikt
• tondöv
• tonem
• toner
• tonfall
• tonföljd
• tongenerator
• tongivande
• tongång
• tonhuvud
• tonhöjd
• tonika
• toning
• tonkonst
• tonkonstnär
• tonkontroll
• tonlig
• tonläge
• tonlös
• tonlöshet
• tonmålning
• tonomfång
• tonskala
• tonspråk
• tonsteg
• tonstycke
• tonstyrka
• tonstöt
• tonsäker
• tonsäkerhet
• tonsätta
• tonsättare
• tonsättarinna
• tonsättning
• tonträff
• tonträffning
• tonvalstelefon
• tonvikt

 

References

• ton in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

• not, ont

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Ter Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *tonë.

Pronoun

ton

1. you (singular)

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[2], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

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Volapük

Noun

ton (nominative plural tons)

1. sound

Declension

declension of ton

	singular	plural
nominative	ton	tons
genitive	tona	tonas
dative	tone	tones
accusative	toni	tonis
vocative 1	o ton!	o tons!
predicative 2	tonu	tonus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only

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Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔn/

Noun 1

ton f (plural tonnau)

1. wave, billow

Derived terms

• dan y don
• meicrodon
• ton Fecsicanaidd
• ton sain
• ton wres
• tonfedd
• tonffurf
• toniad
• toniant
• tonnell
• tonnog
• tonnydd
• tonyddol

Noun 2

ton m (plural tonnau)

1. ley, unploughed land

Usage notes

The "ton" element in many Welsh place names is usually masculine "ley land" rather than feminine "wave", cf. Ton-teg, Tonyrefail, Tonypandy.

Derived terms

• tondir

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ton	don	nhon	thon
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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Zuni

Pronoun

ton

1. Second person dual subject (medial position)

   you two

2. Second person plural subject (medial position)

   you (three or more)

Related terms

• to'na'
• to'n'aawan

See also

Zuni personal pronouns

			singular	dual	plural
1st person (medial)			ho'	hon	hon
1st person (final)			hoo'o	ho'no	ho'no
2nd person (medial)			to'	ton	ton
2nd person (final)			too'o	to'no	to'no
3rd person (medial)			—	'aachi	—
3rd person (final)			—	'aachi	—