-em
Albanian
Alternative forms
- -hna (Gheg)
Etymology
Related to më, mu, mua (“me”) and im (“my, mine”). -em is the Tosk and Standard Albanian variant of the Gheg personal suffix -na (“I, me”). The suffix -em (“I, me”) indicates the 1st person singular, mediopassive, present (same as Gheg -na). Used the same way as Greek verb suffix "-μαι/-mai" (also 1st pers., sg., mediopassive, indicative, present).
Pronunciation
Suffix
-em
- (personal suffix) used to form the 1st person singular present tense of verbs in mediopassive voice (indicative mood).
- Forms verbs in mediopassive voice from active voice
- active bëj (“I do, make, appear”) + h (mediopassive marker) + -em → mediopassive bëhem (“I become, turn into”)
- active zbeh (“I make white(er), pale(er)”) + -em → mediopassive zbehem (“I'm getting pale(er), white(er)”)
- Forms mediopassive verbs from adjectives
- adjective shkurt (“short”) + o-steem + h (mediopassive marker) + -em → mediopassive verb shkurtohem (“I become shorter”)
mediopassive personal suffixes (1st person singular) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | subjunctive | conditional | optative | admirative | |
(dëftore) | (lidhore) | (kushtore) | (dëshirore) | (habitore) | |
present | -em | (të) -em | (do të) -esha | (u) -sha / -fsha | (u) -am |
continuous present | (po) -em | (po të) -em | (po do të) -esha | (po u) -am | |
imperfect | -esha | (të) -esha | (u) -ësha | ||
continuous imperfect | (po) -esha | (po të) -esha | (po u) -ësha | ||
aorist | (u) -a / (u) -va | - | - | - | - |
perfect | j-am (+ participle) | (të) j-em (+ participle) | qof-sha (+ participle) | qenk-am (+ participle) | |
past perfect I | isha (+ participle) | (të) isha (+ participle) | (do të) isha (+ participle) | qenk-ësha (+ participle) | |
past perfect II (aorist II) | q-eshë (+ participle) | ||||
future I | k-am (për t'u + participle) | (do të) -em | |||
future perfect | k-am (për të qenë + participle) | (do të) j-em (+ participle) |
Related terms
Bislama
Alternative forms
Etymology
Suffix
-em
- Indicates a transitive verb
- 2008, Miriam Meyerhoff, Social lives in language--sociolinguistics and multilingual speech[1], →ISBN, page 344:
- Bang i wantem mi faen from mi ovaspen.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
The suffix to be used is determined by vowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem is a, e, or o (or a diphthong ending in one of those), then the suffix is -em. Otherwise, use -im or -um.
Chuukese
Suffix
-em
- (added to possessive nouns) our (exclusive)
Related terms
Small objects, concepts | Large objects, living things | Suffix | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First person | ai | nei | -ei |
Second person | omw, om | noum | -om | |
Third person | an | noun | -an | |
Plural | First person | äm (exclusive) ach (inclusive) |
nöu̇m (exclusive) nöüch (inclusive) |
-em (exclusive) -ach (inclusive) |
Second person | ämi, ami | noumi | -emi | |
Third person | ar | nour | -er |
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Suffix
-em
- (personal suffix, indefinite conjugation) Used to form the first-person singular present tense of -ik verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
- (personal suffix, definite conjugation) Used to form the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, definite conjugation).
- (possessive suffix) my (first-person singular, single possession)
- (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun or a verb to form a noun.
Usage notes
Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
-ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
-ik verbs | -ik | |||
mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
- (personal suffix) Variants:
Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -om | -em | -öm |
te | 2nd person singular | -od | -ed | -öd |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular |
-ja | -i | |
mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -itek | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural |
-ják | -ik | |
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
- (personal suffix, definite conjugation) Variants:
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -m is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -am is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -om is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -em is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öm is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- (noun-forming suffix) A final single l may become long ll. Variants:
- -am is added to back vowel words
- -em is added to front vowel words
Declension
(possessive suffix):
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -em | — |
accusative | -emet | — |
dative | -emnek | — |
instrumental | -emmel | — |
causal-final | -emért | — |
translative | -emmé | — |
terminative | -emig | — |
essive-formal | -emként | — |
essive-modal | -emül | — |
inessive | -emben | — |
superessive | -emen | — |
adessive | -emnél | — |
illative | -embe | — |
sublative | -emre | — |
allative | -emhez | — |
elative | -emből | — |
delative | -emről | — |
ablative | -emtől | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
-emé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
-eméi | — |
(noun suffix):
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -em | -emek |
accusative | -emet | -emeket |
dative | -emnek | -emeknek |
instrumental | -emmel | -emekkel |
causal-final | -emért | -emekért |
translative | -emmé | -emekké |
terminative | -emig | -emekig |
essive-formal | -emként | -emekként |
essive-modal | -emül | -emekül |
inessive | -emben | -emekben |
superessive | -emen | -emeken |
adessive | -emnél | -emeknél |
illative | -embe | -emekbe |
sublative | -emre | -emekre |
allative | -emhez | -emekhez |
elative | -emből | -emekből |
delative | -emről | -emekről |
ablative | -emtől | -emektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
-emé | -emeké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
-eméi | -emekéi |
Possessive forms of -em | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | -emem | -emeim |
2nd person sing. | -emed | -emeid |
3rd person sing. | -eme | -emei |
1st person plural | -emünk | -emeink |
2nd person plural | -emetek | -emeitek |
3rd person plural | -emük | -emeik |
Derived terms
See also
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /em/, [ɛ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /em/, [ɛm]
Etymology 1
See -ēs (suffix forming third-declension feminine abstract nouns).
Suffix
Etymology 2
See -ō³ (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).
Suffix
Pijin
Alternative forms
Etymology
Suffix
-em
- Indicates a transitive verb
Usage notes
The suffix to be used is determined by vowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem is a, e, or o (or a diphthong ending in one of those), then the suffix is -em. Otherwise, use -im or -um.
Volapük
Suffix
-em
- An inanimate collective morpheme for a group of things
Derived terms
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian suffixes
- Bislama terms inherited from English
- Bislama terms derived from English
- Bislama lemmas
- Bislama suffixes
- Bislama terms with quotations
- Chuukese lemmas
- Chuukese suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian noun-forming suffixes
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pijin terms inherited from English
- Pijin terms derived from English
- Pijin lemmas
- Pijin suffixes
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük suffixes