Appendix:Terminology differences between Indonesian and Standard Malay (E-I)
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English
|
Topics
|
Translation in Indonesian
|
Translation in Standard Malay
|
Notes
|
early-warning
|
|
peringatan dini
|
amaran awal
|
|
earthquake-resistant
|
civil engineering
|
tahan gêmpa
|
kalis gempa
|
|
eating habit
|
nutrition
|
kebiasaan makan
|
tabiat makan
|
|
effect
|
|
dampak
|
kesan
|
|
effective
|
business
|
èfèktif
|
kecekapan
|
|
effector
|
engineering
|
èfèktor
|
pengesan
|
|
efficiency
|
|
efisiensi
|
kecekapan
|
|
efficient
|
|
efisien
|
cekap
|
|
efficient
|
business
|
èfisièn
|
keberkesanan
|
|
effort
|
|
usaha
|
daya
|
|
elasticity
|
mechanics
|
èlastisitas
|
kekenyalan
|
|
elasticity
|
economics
|
elastisitas
|
keanjalan
|
|
elector
|
politics
|
pemilih
|
pengundi
|
|
electric charge
|
physics
|
muatan listrik
|
cas elektrik
|
|
electric circuit
|
physics
|
rangkaian listrik
|
litar elektrik
|
|
electric shock
|
pathology
|
sêngatan listrik
|
renjatan éléktrik
|
|
electrical current
|
physics
|
arus listrik
|
arus elektrik
|
|
electrical engineering
|
engineering
|
tèknik listrik
|
kejuruteraan éléktrik
|
|
electrical grid
|
electrical engineering
|
jaringan listrik
|
grid éléktrik, grid kuasa
|
|
electromagnetic induction
|
electromagnetism
|
induksi èlèktromagnètik
|
aruhan éléktromagnét
|
|
electromagnetism
|
electromagnetism
|
èlèktromagnètismê
|
keéléktromagnétan
|
|
electromotive force
|
electromagnetism
|
gaya gerak listrik
|
daya gerak elektrik
|
|
electron gun
|
electromagnetism
|
penembak elektron
|
senapang elektron
|
|
element (one of the objects in a set)
|
mathematics
|
anggota, elemen
|
unsur
|
|
elimination
|
|
eliminasi
|
penghapusan
|
|
email
|
|
surel, surat elektronik
|
e-mel, mel elektronik
|
|
embryo sac
|
physiology
|
kantong embrio
|
pundi embrio
|
|
emergency
|
|
darurat
|
kecemasan
|
|
emitter (of transistor)
|
electronics
|
êmitêr
|
pemancar
|
|
empowerment
|
sociology
|
pemberdayaan
|
pendayaupayaan
|
|
empty set
|
algebra
|
himpunan kosong
|
set kosong
|
|
endowment fund
|
|
dana abadi
|
dana tetap
|
|
energy
|
|
ènèrgi
|
tenaga
|
|
energy band
|
|
pita ènèrgi
|
jalur tenaga
|
|
enforcement
|
law
|
pênêgakan
|
penguatkuasaan
|
|
engineer
|
engineering
|
insinyur
|
jurutera
|
|
engineering
|
engineering
|
tèknik
|
kejuruteraan
|
|
enlightenment
|
|
pencerahan
|
kecerahan, penyedaran, kesedaran
|
|
entrepreneur
|
business
|
wirausaha
|
usahawan
|
|
entrepreneurship
|
business
|
kewirausahaan
|
keusahawanan
|
|
entry (record in a log or in a database)
|
accounting
|
ayat
|
catatan
|
|
entry permit
|
government
|
izin masuk
|
permit masuk
|
|
environment
|
science
|
lingkungan
|
alam sekitar, persekitaran
|
|
environment-friendly, environmentally-friendly
|
ecology
|
ramah lingkungan
|
mesra alam
|
|
environmental engineering
|
engineering
|
teknik lingkungan
|
kejuruteraan sekitaran
|
|
environmental health
|
health
|
kesehatan lingkungan
|
kesihatan persekitaran
|
|
environmental science
|
science
|
ilmu lingkungan
|
sains sekitaran
|
|
epoch (geochronologic unit)
|
geology
|
kala
|
epok
|
|
equilibrium
|
|
kêsêtimbangan
|
keseimbangan
|
|
erectile dysfunction
|
medicine
|
disfungsi ereksi
|
erektil disfungsi
|
|
erosion
|
geology
|
érosi
|
hakisan
|
|
error
|
science
|
galat
|
ralat
|
|
escape velocity
|
mechanics
|
kêcêpatan lepas
|
halaju lepas
|
|
esterification
|
chemistry
|
esterifikasi
|
pengesteran
|
|
estimate
|
arithmetics
|
kira
|
anggar
|
|
ethical code
|
|
kode etik
|
kod etika
|
|
evaporation
|
science
|
èvaporasi, pênguapan
|
penyejatan, sejatan
|
|
evapotranspiration
|
geology
|
evapotranspirasi
|
sejat peluhan
|
|
excess carrier
|
physics
|
hantaran turah
|
pembawa lebihan
|
|
excise
|
business
|
cukai
|
éksais
|
|
excitation
|
physics
|
eksitasi
|
pengujaan
|
|
excited state
|
physics
|
keadaan tereksitasi, status tereksitasi
|
keadaan pengujaan
|
|
excretion
|
physiology
|
èkskrèsi
|
perkumuhan
|
|
executive
|
government
|
eksêkutif
|
pentadbiran
|
|
expansion
|
physics
|
èkspansi
|
pengembangan
|
|
expectation
|
|
harapan
|
jangkaan
|
|
expense
|
accounting
|
bêban, pêngêluaran
|
perbelanjaan
|
|
exploration
|
history
|
eksplorasi
|
penerokaan
|
|
explosion
|
|
ledakan
|
letupan
|
|
explosives
|
|
bahan peledak
|
bahan letupan
|
|
exposure
|
|
paparan
|
dedahan
|
|
extinction
|
ecology
|
kêpunahan
|
kepupusan
|
|
extraction
|
|
ekstraksi
|
pengekstrakan
|
|
extreme poverty
|
economics
|
kemiskinan ekstrem
|
kemiskinan tegar
|
|
extrusive igneous rock
|
geology
|
batuan beku ekstrusif
|
batuan igneus terobosan
|
|
facility
|
business
|
fasilitas
|
kemudahan
|
|
factory
|
engineering
|
pabrik
|
kilang
|
|
fall (season)
|
geography
|
musim gugur
|
musim luruh
|
|
Fallopian tube
|
anatomy
|
Tuba fallopi
|
Tiub Falopio
|
|
false
|
logics
|
salah
|
palsu
|
|
family cycle
|
sociology
|
siklus kêluarga
|
kitaran keluarga
|
|
family planning
|
geography
|
keluarga berencana
|
perancangan keluarga
|
|
fast
|
|
cepat
|
pantas
|
|
fatty acid
|
nutrition
|
asam lemak
|
asid lemak
|
|
fault (fracture in rock)
|
geology
|
patahan, sêsar
|
sesar, sesaran, gelinciran
|
|
feasibility
|
|
kelaikan, kelayakan
|
kebolehlaksanaan, kemungkinan
|
|
feedback
|
communication
|
umpan balik
|
maklum balas
|
|
feeder (railway branch line)
|
civil engineering
|
pengumpan
|
penghantar
|
|
fertility rate
|
demography
|
angka fertilitas
|
nisbah kesuburan
|
|
fertilization
|
physiology
|
fèrtilisasi, pêmbuahan
|
persenyawaan, pembajaan
|
|
fertilizer
|
agriculture
|
pupuk
|
baja
|
|
fibre
|
chemistry
|
sêrat
|
gentian
|
|
fibre, dietary fibre
|
nutrition
|
sêrat
|
pelawas
|
|
fighter aircraft
|
military
|
pêsawat têmpur
|
pesawat pejuang
|
|
figure (drawing)
|
|
gambar
|
rajah
|
|
fill soil
|
civil engineering
|
urukan
|
tambakan
|
|
filter
|
chemistry
|
filtêr
|
penapis
|
|
filter
|
optics
|
filtêr
|
penapis
|
|
filter paper
|
science
|
kertas saring
|
kertas turas
|
|
filtrate
|
chemistry
|
filtrat
|
turasan
|
|
filtration
|
chemistry
|
filtrasi, pênyaringan
|
penurasan
|
|
financial statement
|
accounting
|
laporan keuangan
|
penyata kewangan
|
|
fine art
|
art
|
seni murni
|
seni halus
|
|
fire alarm
|
|
alarm kebakaran
|
penggera kebakaran
|
|
fire station
|
|
stasiun pemadam kebakaran
|
balai bomba
|
|
fission
|
|
fisi
|
pembelahan
|
|
fixture
|
civil engineering
|
instalasi
|
lekapan
|
|
fizzy drink
|
|
minuman bersoda, minuman berkarbonasi
|
minuman bergas
|
|
flashback
|
drama
|
kilas balik, sorot balik
|
imbas kembali
|
|
flat
|
|
datar
|
leper
|
|
flat
|
music
|
mol
|
flet
|
|
flat mirror
|
physics
|
cêrmin datar
|
cermin satah
|
|
flocculation
|
|
flokulasi, pênggumpalan
|
pengentalan
|
|
flowchart
|
business
|
diagram alir
|
carta alir
|
|
fluid
|
physics
|
cairan
|
bendalir
|
|
fluid mechanics
|
mechanics
|
mekanika fluida
|
mekanik bendalir
|
|
fluorescence
|
|
fluoresên
|
pendarfluor
|
|
fluoridation
|
|
fluoridasi
|
pemfluoridaan
|
|
folic acid
|
nutrition
|
asam folat
|
asid folik
|
|
food security
|
|
ketahanan pangan
|
keselamatan makanan
|
|
food science
|
|
ilmu pangan
|
sains pemakanan
|
|
food web
|
ecology
|
jaring-jaring makanan
|
siratan makanan
|
|
footnote
|
|
catatan kaki
|
nota kaki
|
|
force (anything that has the power to produce a physical effect)
|
physics
|
kuasa
|
daya
|
|
force (physical quantity)
|
physics
|
gaya
|
daya
|
|
forced vibration
|
physics
|
vibrasi paksa
|
getaran paksa
|
|
forecast
|
|
prakiraan
|
ramalan
|
|
forecasting
|
|
pemprakiraan
|
peramalan
|
|
foreshadowing
|
literature
|
padahan
|
imbas muka
|
|
foreign direct investment
|
economics
|
investasi asing langsung
|
pelaburan langsung asing
|
|
foreign exchange reserve
|
economics
|
cadangan devisa
|
rizab pertukaran asing
|
|
formula
|
chemistry
|
rumus
|
formula
|
|
forward-bias (of transistor)
|
electronics
|
bias maju
|
pincang hadapan
|
|
franchise
|
business
|
waralaba
|
francais
|
|
free (of charge), gratis
|
|
gratis
|
percuma
|
|
frequency
|
statistics
|
frékuènsi
|
kekerapan
|
|
frequency table
|
statistics
|
tabêl distribusi frékuènsi
|
jadual kekerapan
|
|
friction
|
mechanics
|
gesekan
|
geseran
|
|
frictional force
|
mechanics
|
gaya gesek
|
daya geseran
|
|
frost
|
geology
|
êmbun bêku
|
ibun
|
|
fuel
|
chemical engineering
|
bahan bakar
|
bahan api
|
|
fuel oil
|
chemical engineering
|
bahan bakar minyak
|
minyak bahan api
|
|
fulcrum
|
mechanics
|
fulkrum, titik tumpu
|
fulkrum, pangsi
|
|
full: complete, total
|
|
lengkap
|
penuh
|
|
functional group
|
organic chemistry
|
gugus fungsi
|
kumpulan berfungsi
|
|
fungus
|
biology
|
cêndawan, fungus
|
kulat, fungus
|
|
furnace
|
mechanical engineering
|
pêrapian, tungku
|
relau
|
|
fuse
|
electrical engineering
|
sékring
|
fius
|
|
fusion
|
|
fusi
|
pelakuran
|
|
gallbladder
|
anatomy
|
kantong êmpêdu
|
pundi hempedu
|
|
gastrointestinal
|
anatomy
|
gastrointestinal
|
gastrousus
|
|
Gauss-Jordan elimination method
|
mathematics
|
metode eliminasi Gauss-Jordan
|
kaedah penghapusan Gauss-Jordan
|
|
generator
|
physics
|
génêrator
|
penjana
|
|
general (not specific or particular)
|
|
umum
|
am
|
Both terms are listed in both dictionary, this entry show the difference of prevalences.
|
general journal
|
accounting
|
jurnal umum
|
jurnal am
|
|
genetic engineering
|
genetics
|
rekayasa genetika
|
kejuruteraan genetik
|
|
geostationary
|
science
|
géostasionèr
|
géopegun
|
|
giant
|
|
raksasa
|
gergasi
|
|
girder
|
civil engineering
|
girder
|
galang
|
|
glutinous rice
|
cuisine
|
kêtan
|
pulut
|
|
goal
|
management
|
tujuan
|
matlamat
|
|
gold medal
|
|
medali emas
|
pingat emas
|
|
Golgi apparatus
|
cytology
|
badan Golgi
|
jasad Golgi
|
|
governance
|
management
|
tata kelola
|
tadbir urus
|
|
grade point average
|
education
|
indeks prestasi
|
purata nilai gred
|
|
gradient
|
geology
|
kêmiringan
|
kecerunan
|
|
gradient
|
algebra
|
gradièn
|
kecerunan
|
|
graduate
|
education
|
lulusan
|
lepasan
|
|
graduated cylinder
|
science
|
gêlas ukur
|
silinder penyukat
|
|
grain
|
agriculture
|
biji-bijian
|
bijirin
|
|
grant
|
business
|
hibah
|
geran
|
|
grass roots
|
sociology
|
akar rumput
|
akar umbi
|
|
gravitation
|
mechanics
|
gravitasi
|
kegravitian
|
|
gravitational force
|
mechanics
|
gaya gravitasi
|
daya graviti
|
|
grease
|
mechanical engineering
|
gemuk
|
gris
|
|
greatest common divisor
|
mathematics
|
faktor pêrsêkutuan têrbêsar
|
faktor sepunya terbesar
|
|
greenhouse
|
agriculture
|
rumah kaca
|
rumah hijau
|
|
grit chamber
|
civil engineering
|
penangkap pasir
|
kebuk kersik
|
|
gross domestic product
|
economics
|
produk domestik bruto
|
keluaran dalam negara kasar
|
|
gross national product, gross national income
|
economics
|
produk nasional bruto
|
keluaran negara kasar
|
|
groundwater
|
geology
|
air tanah
|
air bumi, air tanah
|
|
group (of periodic table)
|
chemistry
|
golongan
|
kumpulan
|
|
group
|
education
|
kêlompok
|
kumpulan
|
|
group assignment
|
education
|
tugas kelompok
|
tugasan kumpulan
|
|
growth
|
biology
|
pêrtumbuhan
|
tumbesaran
|
|
guard rail
|
civil engineering
|
pagar pengaman
|
rel adang
|
|
guideline
|
management
|
panduan; pedoman
|
garis panduan
|
|
gymnastics
|
sport science
|
sênam
|
gimnastik
|
|
hack (to gain illegal access)
|
information technology
|
rêtas
|
godam
|
|
hacker
|
information technology
|
pêrêtas
|
penggodam
|
|
half-life
|
science
|
waktu paruh
|
separuh hayat
|
|
hammer
|
|
martil, palu
|
tukul
|
|
handling
|
|
penanganan
|
pengelolaan
|
|
head loss
|
mechanics
|
kerugian tegangan, rugi aliran
|
kehilangan tenaga
|
|
head of government
|
politics
|
kepala pemerintahan
|
ketua kerajaan
|
|
head of state
|
politics
|
kepala negara
|
ketua negara
|
|
headquarters
|
|
markas besar
|
ibu pejabat
|
|
headteacher
|
education
|
kepala sekolah
|
guru besar
|
|
health science
|
|
ilmu kesehatan
|
sains kesihatan
|
|
heartbeat
|
physiology
|
denyut jantung
|
degupan jantung
|
|
heat
|
thermodynamics
|
kalor
|
haba
|
|
heat capacity, thermal capacity
|
thermodynamics
|
kapasitas kalor
|
muatan haba
|
|
heat engine
|
thermodynamics
|
mesin kalor
|
enjin haba
|
|
heat pump
|
thermodynamics
|
pompa kalor
|
pam haba
|
|
heat receptor
|
anatomy
|
reseptor panas
|
reseptor haba
|
|
heat transfer
|
thermodynamics
|
perpindahan panas
|
pemindahan haba
|
|
hereditary disease
|
medicine
|
penyakit herediter
|
penyakit warisan
|
|
hibernation
|
|
hibernasi
|
penghibernatan
|
|
highlight
|
|
sorotan
|
penegasan, sorotan
|
|
Hittite
|
history
|
Het
|
Hittite
|
|
horizontal axis
|
mathematics
|
sumbu horizontal, sumbu mendatar
|
paksi mengufuk
|
|
horsepower
|
physics
|
tenaga kuda, daya kuda
|
kuasa kuda
|
|
hose
|
mechanical engineering
|
slang
|
hos
|
|
human capital
|
management
|
sumber daya manusia
|
modal insan
|
|
hybrid
|
biology
|
hibrida
|
kacukan
|
|
hybridisation
|
biology
|
hibridisasi, persilangan
|
penghibridan, pengacukan
|
|
hydrochloric acid
|
chemistry
|
asam klorida
|
asid hidroklorik
|
|
hydroelectric power
|
physics
|
tenaga air
|
kuasa hidroelektrik
|
|
ice cube
|
|
es batu
|
kiub ais
|
|
ideal gas
|
thermodynamics
|
gas ideal
|
gas unggul
|
|
identical
|
|
identik
|
seiras
|
|
identical twins
|
obstetrics
|
kembar identik
|
kembar seiras
|
|
identification
|
|
identifikasi
|
pengenalpastian
|
|
identity card
|
government
|
kartu identitas
|
kad pengenalan
|
|
igneous rock, magmatic rock
|
geology
|
batuan beku
|
batuan igneus
|
|
image
|
optics
|
bayangan
|
iméj
|
|
imaging
|
optics
|
pêncitraan
|
pengiméjan
|
|
immunity
|
physiology
|
imunitas
|
keimunan
|
|
impact (significant or strong influence or effect)
|
|
dampak
|
impak; kesan
|
|
impact (the striking of one body against another)
|
physics
|
tumbukan
|
hentaman
|
|
impurity
|
|
pengotor
|
bendasing
|
|
incident ray
|
physics
|
sinar datang
|
sinar tuju
|
|
income tax
|
government
|
pajak penghasilan
|
cukai pendapatan
|
|
indictment
|
law
|
dakwaan
|
indikmen
|
|
induction
|
logics
|
induksi
|
aruhan
|
|
inequality (state)
|
|
ketaksetaraan
|
ketaksamaan
|
|
inequality (mathematical statement)
|
mathematics
|
pêrtidaksamaan
|
ketaksamaan
|
|
infection
|
medicine
|
infèksi, pênularan
|
jangkitan
|
|
infection control
|
medicine
|
pengendalian infeksi
|
pengawalan jangkitan
|
|
infiltration
|
|
infiltrasi
|
penyusupan
|
|
infiltration (process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil)
|
geology
|
infiltrasi
|
penyusupan
|
|
influence line
|
civil engineering
|
garis pengaruh
|
garis imbas
|
|
information
|
information technology
|
informasi
|
maklumat
|
|
information literacy
|
information science
|
literasi informasi
|
celik maklumat
|
|
information science
|
information science
|
ilmu informasi
|
sains maklumat
|
|
information technology
|
information technology
|
teknologi informasi
|
teknologi maklumat
|
|
inquest
|
government
|
angkèt
|
soal selidik
|
|
inquiry
|
|
penyelidikan
|
penyiasatan
|
|
insertion
|
biology
|
insersi
|
selitan
|
|
insulator
|
physics
|
isolator
|
penebat
|
|
intake
|
civil engineering
|
bangunan sadap
|
muka sauk
|
|
integral
|
calculus
|
intêgral
|
kamiran
|
|
integrated
|
|
têrintêgrasi, têrpadu
|
bersepadu
|
|
integration
|
|
integrasi
|
penyatupaduan
|
|
intensity
|
|
intènsitas
|
keamatan
|
|
interaction
|
|
interaksi
|
salingtindak
|
|
interception (precipitation that does not reach the soil, but is instead intercepted by the leaves, branches of plants and the forest floor)
|
geology
|
intersepsi
|
pintasan
|
|
interceptor trench
|
civil engineering
|
saluran penerima
|
parit pemintas
|
|
interdisciplinary
|
philosophy
|
intêrdisipliner
|
antara disiplin
|
|
interference
|
physics
|
intêrfêrènsi, gangguan
|
interferens, gangguan
|
|
internal medicine
|
medicine
|
penyakit dalam
|
perubatan dalaman
|
|
internal monologue
|
drama
|
sênandika
|
monolog dalaman
|
|
international relations
|
international relation
|
hubungan internasional
|
hubungan antarabangsa
|
|
interrogative sentence
|
grammar
|
kalimat tanya
|
ayat tanya
|
|
interquartile range
|
statistics
|
rentang antar kuartil
|
julat antara kuartil
|
|
intersecting lines
|
mathematics
|
garis bêrpotongan
|
garis bersilang
|
|
intersection
|
algebra
|
irisan
|
persilangan
|
|
interview
|
communication
|
wawancara, intêrviu
|
temu bual
|
|
intrusive igneous rock
|
geology
|
batuan bêku intrusif
|
batuan igneus rejahan
|
|
inverse
|
logics
|
invèrsi
|
songsangan
|
|
inverted
|
optics
|
têrbalik
|
songsang
|
|
inverter
|
electronics
|
inverter, pêmbalik
|
penyongsang
|
|
investigation
|
|
penyidikan
|
siasatan
|
|
investment
|
business
|
investasi
|
pelaburan
|
|
investor
|
business
|
investor
|
pelabur
|
|
irradiation
|
|
iradiasi
|
penyinaran
|
|
irrational number
|
mathematics
|
bilangan irasional
|
nombor tak nisbah
|
|
isolation
|
|
isolasi
|
pengasingan
|
|
isolation
|
biology
|
isolasi
|
pemencilan
|
|
isolation ward
|
healthcare
|
bangsal isolasi
|
wad pengasingan
|
|
iteration
|
information technology
|
itêrasi
|
lelaran
|
|