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See also: and
U+6606, 昆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6606

[U+6605]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6607]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 72, +4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日心心 (APP), four-corner 60711, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 490, character 39
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13792
  • Dae Jaweon: page 852, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1489, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+6606

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
𥊽

𣋥
𧲟

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – the body and legs of an insect.

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
“elder brother”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (elder brother; senior male relative); cognate with (OC *ɡuʔ, “maternal uncle”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).
Alternatively, it may be related to Middle Mon ကော (kao, elder brother), with nominal suffix -n added (Schuessler, 2007).
“descendants; later”
Perhaps from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuun (child); cognate with Min (“son; child”) (Schuessler, 2007) and with ancient Chu dialect (OC *koːn, “child; offspring”) (Ye, 2014); cf. also some rear meanings of the characters (OC *kroːns, “young child”), (OC *kuːn, “roe; fish egg”) and (OC *kruːn, “roe”) (ibid.). In modern Wu dialects the character (OC *koːn) is used to mean "children" (ibid.).
“many; numerous”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-kul (twenty; all); cognate with (OC *ɡlun, “herd; all”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
“quetta-”
Phono-semantic matching of English quetta-. Coined by the China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation on World Metrology Day in 2023 (20 May 2023).

is pronounced with aspirated initial /kʰ/ instead of the expected /k/ in the majority of modern varieties of Chinese. The /k/ sound in (MC kwon) was changed to /kʰ/ during its historical development to avoid homophony with (MC kwon, “underclothing”), a word that was historically in vernacular use (Hirayama, 2005).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gwan1 - literary;
  • kwan1 - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter kwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kuən/
Pan
Wuyun
/kuon/
Shao
Rongfen
/kuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kwən/
Li
Rong
/kuən/
Wang
Li
/kuən/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gwan1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
kūn
Middle
Chinese
‹ kwon ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˁu[n]/
English elder brother

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 7519
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kuːn/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. (obsolete) together
  2. (literary) elder brother
  3. (literary) descendants
  4. (obsolete) later
  5. (obsolete) many; numerous
      ―  kūnchóng  ―  insect
  6. (obsolete) Alternative form of (kūn)
  7. Short for 昆明 (Kūnmíng).
    鐵路铁路  ―  Chéng Kūn Tiělù  ―  Chengdu–Kunming railway
  8. a surname
  9. (Mainland China) quetta- (SI unit prefix)
    Synonym: (kuí) (Taiwan)
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. Only used in 昆侖昆仑 (húnlún), alternative form of 渾淪浑沦

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. Alternative form of (to unite)
  2. 54th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "unity" (𝌻)

Etymology 4

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Cantonese) to deceive; to fool

Etymology 5

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of ).
Notes:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. A swarm of or an organism that swarms (e.g. bugs), an organism that forms in large groups (e.g. kombu)
  2. elder brother
  3. descendants, great-great-great-great grandchild

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC kwon). Recorded as Middle Korean (kwon) (Yale: kwon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 맏형 (macheong gon))

  1. hanja form? of (swarm)
  2. hanja form? of (the eldest brother)

Compounds

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See also

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: côn
: Hán Nôm readings: con, gon

Noun

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(con)

  1. Nôm form of con (child).