辛
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]辛 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿十 (YTJ), four-corner 00401, composition ⿱立十 or ⿱亠𢆉)
- Kangxi radical #160, ⾟.
Derived terms
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/辛
- 𠉄, 㖕, 垶, 㛙, 㢹, 𢓫, 𭝅, 𭡄, 㳯, 𬯁, 梓, 𤈼, 𤙡, 𬍧, 𦛛, 𥏔, 𪿢, 𥞽, 𮇞, 𦀓, 𦐹, 𫋁, 觪, 䛨, 𨁅, 𨌍, 𬪬, 鋅(锌), 𤨘, 𮧝, 𮨬, 騂(骍), 𥋑, 𩷔, 𫓅
- 𧗶, 乵, 㲔, 𣐽, 㖖, 𧱏, 厗, 宰, 屖, 峷, 莘, 𣇛, 𤽮, 𥭴, 㾕, 𨴲, 𭍤
- 嶭, 薛, 巕, 㸉
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1250, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38630
- Dae Jaweon: page 1729, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4036, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8F9B
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
辛 | |
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alternative forms | 亲 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 辛 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
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Pictogram (象形) of a tool—chisel, awl, spike—used to mark slaves and criminals. It is related to 䇂.
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sin (“liver; heart; bile; bitter”); compare Tibetan མཆིན (mchin, “liver”), Burmese သည်း (sany:, “liver”), Tangut 𗮰 (*sji², “liver”) (Gong, 2002; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xin1
- Cantonese (Jyutping): san1
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): séng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1shin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sin
- Wade–Giles: hsin1
- Yale: syīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
- Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xin1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: san1
- Yale: sān
- Cantonese Pinyin: san1
- Guangdong Romanization: sen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîn
- Hakka Romanization System: xinˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xin1
- Sinological IPA: /sin²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: séng
- Sinological IPA (key): /seiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: sin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]i[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*siŋ/
Definitions
[edit]辛
- spicy; hot; pungent
- 辛辣 ― xīnlà ― spicy
- hard; laborious; toilsome
- 辛苦 ― xīnkǔ ― laborious
- sorrowful; miserable; hard
- 辛酸 ― xīnsuān ― bitter
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 下辛 (Xiàxīn)
- 下辛店 (Xiàxīndiàn)
- 不辭辛勞/不辞辛劳
- 備嘗辛苦/备尝辛苦
- 千辛百苦
- 千辛萬苦/千辛万苦 (qiānxīnwànkǔ)
- 后辛
- 吃辛受苦
- 吃辛吃苦
- 含辛茹苦 (hánxīnrúkǔ)
- 悲辛 (bēixīn)
- 攞苦嚟辛/𫽋苦嚟辛
- 熬辛吃苦
- 白辛樹/白辛树
- 萬苦千辛/万苦千辛
- 秘辛 (mìxīn)
- 細辛/细辛 (xìxīn)
- 艱辛/艰辛 (jiānxīn)
- 芥辛絲子/芥辛丝子
- 芥辛菜
- 苦辛 (kǔxīn)
- 茹苦含辛
- 葷辛/荤辛
- 辛勞/辛劳 (xīnláo)
- 辛勤 (xīnqín)
- 辛夷 (xīnyí)
- 辛寒
- 辛榨 (Xīnzhà)
- 辛盤/辛盘
- 辛苦 (xīnkǔ)
- 辛螫
- 辛辛苦苦 (xīnxīnkǔkǔ)
- 辛辣 (xīnlà)
- 辛酸 (xīnsuān)
- 酸辛
- 馬腳細辛/马脚细辛
- 高辛氏
Etymology 2
[edit]Smith (2011) proposes that the name for the heavenly stem is based on the Boötes constellation, which resembles an awl; it may be related to Etymology 1 with the “sharp” semantics connecting the two.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xin1
- Cantonese (Jyutping): san1
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): séng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1shin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sin
- Wade–Giles: hsin1
- Yale: syīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
- Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xin1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: san1
- Yale: sān
- Cantonese Pinyin: san1
- Guangdong Romanization: sen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sîn
- Hakka Romanization System: xinˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xin1
- Sinological IPA: /sin²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: séng
- Sinological IPA (key): /seiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: sin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*si[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*siŋ/
Definitions
[edit]辛
- eighth of the ten heavenly stems
- (in a list) eighth; number 8; VIII
- (organic chemistry) octa-
Coordinate terms
[edit]- (Chinese heavenly stems) 天干 (tiāngān); 甲 (jiǎ), 乙 (yǐ), 丙 (bǐng), 丁, 戊 (wù), 己 (jǐ), 庚 (gēng), 辛 (xīn), 壬 (rén), 癸 (guǐ) (Category: zh:Chinese heavenly stems)
Compounds
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Others:
- → Zhuang: sin
Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from English symplectic.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sin
- Wade–Giles: hsin1
- Yale: syīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
- Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: san1
- Yale: sān
- Cantonese Pinyin: san1
- Guangdong Romanization: sen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]辛
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sin
- Wade–Giles: hsin1
- Yale: syīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
- Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: san1
- Yale: sān
- Cantonese Pinyin: san1
- Guangdong Romanization: sen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]辛
- Used in transcription.
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
- Kun: からい (karai, 辛い, Jōyō); つらい (tsurai, 辛い); かのと (kanoto, 辛)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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辛 |
しん Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 辛 (sin).
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- the eighth of the ten heavenly stems
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
辛 |
かのと Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
金 (Ka, “Metal”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- the eighth of the ten heavenly stems
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]辛: Hán Nôm readings: tân, tăn, tơn
- chữ Hán form of Tân (“eighth of the ten heavenly stems”).
Compounds
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Kangxi Radicals block
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Sichuanese adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Northern Min adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Sichuanese proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Northern Min proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 辛
- Mandarin terms with collocations
- Chinese surnames
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- zh:Organic chemistry
- zh:Chinese heavenly stems
- Chinese terms borrowed from English
- Chinese terms derived from English
- zh:Mathematics
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しん
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading から・い
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つら・い
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かのと
- Japanese terms spelled with 辛 read as しん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with homophones
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 辛
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 辛 read as かのと
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese words with multiple readings
- ja:Chinese heavenly stems
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- CJKV radicals