千

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Archived revision by Geographyinitiative (talk | contribs) as of 03:50, 4 January 2020.
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See also: 于, 仟, 壬, 干, and 韆

Template:character info/new

Translingual

Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

千 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 竹十 (HJ), four-corner 20400, composition ⿱丿十)

Descendants

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 155, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2697
  • Dae Jaweon: page 351, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 59, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5343

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 千
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (人) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
千 *sn̥ʰiːn
仟 *sn̥ʰiːn
芊 *sn̥ʰiːn, *sn̥ʰiːns
阡 *sn̥ʰiːn
汘 *sn̥ʰiːn
迁 *sn̥ʰiːn
杄 *sn̥ʰiːn
人 *njin
仁 *njin
朲 *njin
佞 *neːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sn̥ʰiːn) : semantic 一 (“one, signifying a number”) + phonetic 人 (OC *njin). The Old Chinese pronunciations of 千 (OC *sn̥ʰiːn) and 人 (OC *njin) were similar. For the component 人, compare its combining form 亻.

The traditional explanation holds that the extra line indicates an extension (see the etymologies of 年 and 延). 千 has the meaning one thousand because one thousand is a number that is reached by extending one's counting.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 千
alternative forms 仟 financial

Unknown. Schuessler (2007) noticed similar-looking Mon-Khmer lexical items, though their initials and finals do not match Old Chinese; compare Vietnamese nghìn and Old Mon lṅim (whence Mon လ္ၚီ (ŋìm)), all meaning "thousand". Compare also Proto-Hlai *C-ŋin.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chheng/chhuiⁿ - vernacular;
  • chhian - literary.
Note:
  • cain1 - Huilai, Jieyang, Chaoyang;
  • coin1 - other places.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 千
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰian²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰiã²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰiã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰian²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiã²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰiã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡sʰien³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰiĩ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰie̞¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sʰiɪ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰiẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰi³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰe³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰiẽ³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰiẽ³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰien⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰien²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰin⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sʰin⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰin⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰian⁵⁵/
/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰieŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰaiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰõi³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sin²³/
/sai²³/
Rime
Character 千
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 蒼先切
Baxter tshen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰen/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰen/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰɛn/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰen/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰien/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cin1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 千
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.n̥ˁi[ŋ]/
English thousand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 千
Reading # 1/1
No. 10792
Phonetic
component 		人
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		千
Old
Chinese 		/*sn̥ʰiːn/
Notes 小徐人聲，甲文乃借人加一

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 千

  1. thousand
  2. many; numerous
  3. very
See also
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写) 		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩／两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 		百萬／百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines) 		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写) 		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds

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Descendants

Sino-Xenic (千):
  • → Japanese: 千(せん) (sen)
  • → Korean: 천(千) (cheon)
  • → Vietnamese: thiên (千)

Others:

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Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 千 – see 韆 (“swing”).
(This character is the simplified form of 韆).
Notes:

Further reading

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

千

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
千
せん
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 千 (MC tshen, “thousand”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

千(ち) • (chi) 

  1. thousand

Derived terms

Japanese numerical compounds with 千(せん) (sen)
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 Thousands of
千(せん) (sen)
一(いっ)千(せん) (issen) 		二(に)千(せん) (nisen) 三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 四(よん)千(せん) (yonsen) 五(ご)千(せん) (gosen) 六(ろく)千(せん) (rokusen) 七(なな)千(せん) (nanasen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 九(きゅう)千(せん) (kyūsen) 何(なん)千(ぜん) (nanzen)
数(すう)千(せん) (sūsen)

Number

千(せん) or 千(numeral symbol) • (sen or numeral symbol) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|せん]]

  1. thousand

References


Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 千 (MC tshen). Recorded as Middle Korean 쳔 (chyen) (Yale: chyen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

千 (eumhun 일천 천 (ilcheon cheon))

  1. Hanja form? of 천 (“thousand”).

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

千: Hán Việt readings: thiên (倉(thương)先(tiên)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
千: Nôm readings: thiên[1][2][4][6], xiên[1]

  1. Template:han tu form of

Compounds

Compounds

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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