己

See also: 已 and 巳

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

己 (Kangxi radical 49, 己+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸山 (SU), four-corner 1771₇, composition ⿳𠃍一乚)

1. Kangxi radical #49, ⼰.
2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №518

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/己
• 𠯇, 圮, 妃, 屺, 忋, 𢩵, 𣲆, 𣅗, 杞, 𬉺, 玘, 𥐦, 䄫, 紀(纪), 記(记), 𨊲, 配, 𨥈, 魢(鱾), 𩾩
• 包 (Japanese form)

Descendants

• こ (Hiragana character derived from man'yōgana)
• コ (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)

Further reading

Wikisource

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8742
• Dae Jaweon: page 630, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 983, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5DF1

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		己

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 己
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (己) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
改	*klɯːʔ
跽	*ɡrɯʔ
己	*kɯʔ
紀	*kɯʔ
妀	*kɯʔ
記	*kɯs
杞	*kʰɯʔ
屺	*kʰɯʔ
芑	*kʰɯʔ
邔	*kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs
玘	*kʰɯʔ
忌	*ɡɯs
鵋	*ɡɯs
誋	*ɡɯs
梞	*ɡɯs

Pictogram (象形) – silk rope for binding objects. Original form of 紀 (OC *kɯʔ).

Etymology

Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jǐ (ji³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gei²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kí
• Eastern Min (BUC): gī
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kī / kí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gi² / gi⁷

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵ci

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
    • Wade–Giles: chi³
    • Yale: jǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gei²
    • Yale: géi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei²
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kí
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gi³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī / kí
    • Tâi-lô: kī / kí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ki, kie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ki²²/, /ki⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/, /ki⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²²/, /ki⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ki³³/, /ki⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki³³/, /ki⁴¹/

Note: kī - vernacular, kí - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gi² / gi⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kí / kī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵²/, /ki¹¹/

Note: gi7 - used in 家己.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵ci
    • MiniDict: ci^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kiX

Rime
Character	己
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居里切
Baxter	kiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/kieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨX/
Li Rong	/kiəX/
Wang Li	/kĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)əʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	己	己
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐ	jǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ kiX ›	‹ kiX ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)əʔ/	/*k(r)əʔ/
English	6th heavenly stem	self
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	己
Reading #	1/1
No.	5765
Phonetic component	己
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kɯʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 己

1. self; oneself
2. personal; private
3. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
4. a surname

Coordinate terms

• Template:list:heavenly stems/zh

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Japanese

Kanji

己

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. itself, oneself

Readings

• Go-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
• Kun: おのれ (onore, 己, Jōyō); おの (ono, 己); おら (ora, 己); おれ (ore, 己); つちのと (tsuchinoto, 己)
• Nanori: おと (oto); な (na); み (mi)

Compounds

Compounds

• 己(こ)心(しん) (koshin)
• 己(こ)身(しん) (koshin)
• 已己巳己(いこみき) (ikomiki)
• 一(いっ)己(こ) (ikko)
• 克(こっ)己(き) (kokki)
• 自(じ)己(こ) (jiko)
• 妲(だっ)己(き) (Dakki)
• 知(ち)己(き) (chiki), 知(ち)己(こ) (chiko)
• 利(り)己(こ) (riko)
• 及己(フタリシズカ) (futarishizuka)
• 単己(するすみ) (surusumi)

Usage notes

Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨i⟩, ⟨ko₂⟩, and ⟨go₂⟩.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
己
き Grade: 6
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 己 (MC kiX).

Proper noun

己(き) • (Ki) 

1. the sixth of the ten Heavenly Stems

   Hypernym: 十干 (Jikkan)

Derived terms

• 己巳(きし) (Kishi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
己
つちのと Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of 土 (tsuchi, “earth”, one of the Chinese five elements) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”).

Proper noun

己(つちのと) • (Tsuchinoto) 

1. the sixth of the ten Heavenly Stems

   Hypernym: 十干 (Jikkan)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
己
おのれ Grade: 6
kun’yomi

From 己 (ono, reflexive or first-person pronoun, see below) +‎ れ (re, “thing”, demonstrative nominalizer ending).

Pronoun

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

1. reflexive pronoun: oneself
2. first-person pronoun: I, me
3. second-person pronoun: you (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

   Synonyms: お前 (omae), 貴様 (kisama)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 己(おのれ)と (onore to)
• 己(おのれ)やれ (onore yare)
• 己(おのれ)顔(がお) (onoregao)
• 己(おのれ)奴(め) (onoreme)
• 己(おのれ)等(ら) (onorera)
• 己(おのれ)を枉(ま)ぐ (onore o magu)
• 勝(か)つは己(おのれ)に克(か)つより大(だい)なるはなし (katsu wa onore ni katsu yori dai naru wa nashi)

Adverb

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

1. by oneself

   Synonyms: 自然に (shizen ni), 独りでに (hitori de ni)

Interjection

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

1. An interjection expressing anger or chagrin

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
己
おの Grade: 6
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

己(おの) • (ono) 

1. reflexive pronoun: oneself
2. first-person pronoun: I, me

   Synonyms: 私 (watakushi), 我 (ware)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 己(おの)が (onoga)
• 己様(おのさま) (onosama)
• 自(おの)ずから (onozukara)
• 己妻(おのづま), 己夫(おのづま) (onozuma)
• 己(おの)等(ら) (onora)

See also

Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives

	a-/wa- “I, we” (first person)	na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person)	k- “this” (close to speaker)	s- “that” (close to listener)	a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both)	i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative)	ono- “oneself” (reflexive)
Person	あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro)	な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi)	こ (ko) これ (kore)	そ (so) それ (sore)	あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare)	た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi)	おの (ono) おのれ (onore)
Thing			こ (ko) これ (kore)	そ (so) それ (sore)	あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare)	いづれ (izure) なに (nani)
Location			ここ (koko)	そこ (soko)	あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko)	いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko)
Direction			こち (kochi) こなた (konata)	そち (sochi) そなた (sonata)	あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata)	いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata)
Manner			か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō)	さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika)		いか (ika)
Time						いつ (itsu)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
己
おれ Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronoun

己(おれ) • (ore) 

1. Alternative spelling of 俺 (ore): first-person pronoun: I, me

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 己様(おれさま) (oresama)
• 己共(おんども) (ondomo)
• 己(おれ)奴(め) (oreme)
• 己(おれ)等(ら) (orera)
• 如己(もころ)男(お) (mokorō)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
己
おら Grade: 6
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

己(おら) • (ora) 

1. first-person pronoun: I, me

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
己
うぬ Grade: 6
irregular

Sound shift from ono (see above).

Alternative forms

• 汝

Pronunciation

• Pronunciation for pronoun senses unknown.

Pronoun

己(うぬ) • (unu) 

1. second-person pronoun: you
2. reflexive pronoun: oneself

   Synonym: 自分自身 (jibun-jishin)

Derived terms

• 己(うぬ)等(ら) (unura)

Interjection

己(うぬ) • (unu) 

1. (vulgar) you!; you blockhead!

Etymology 8

Kanji in this term
己
うら Grade: 6
irregular

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

己(うら) • (ura) 

1. first-person pronoun: I, me

Etymology 9

Kanji in this term
己
おどれ Grade: 6
irregular

Sound shift from onore (see above).

Pronoun

己(おどれ) • (odore) 

1. second-person pronoun: you

   Synonyms: 己 (unu), 貴様 (kisama)

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Korean

Hanja

己 (eumhun 자기 기 (jagi gi))

1. Hanja form^? of 기 (“self”).

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 己 (kỷ, kỉ, anh)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.