Translingual[edit]
Stroke order
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Han character[edit]
念 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓心 (OINP), four-corner 80332, composition ⿱今心)
Derived characters[edit]
- 㑫, 唸, 埝, 惗, 捻, 棯, 淰, 焾, 䂼, 䄒, 稔, 腍, 艌, 諗(谂), 踗, 錜(𫓻), 䧔, 䭃(𩠈), 騐, 鯰(鲶), 趝, 敜, 菍, 𪞤, 𭃮, 𫱁, 𡹓, 𪯺, 𪺥, 𤚋, 𤦬, 𤽿, 𬑛, 𥍵, 𥺴, 𦁤, 𫫞, 𬠖, 𧛋, 𨡎, 𩋏, 𩐭, 𪌿(𬹌), 𪑡, 𭝌, 𪪆, 𪳋, 𮞤, 𫾿, 𣣈, 𪫶, 𭝯, 𢈸, 𢚏, 𥮘, 𩭮, 𢞘, 𨡣
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 378, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10390
- Dae Jaweon: page 706, character 21
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2274, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5FF5
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
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Old Chinese
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貪
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*kʰl'uːm
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嗿
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*l̥ʰuːmʔ
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僋
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*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
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酓
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*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
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馠
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*qʰɯːm
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谽
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*qʰɯːm
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唅
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*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
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含
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*ɡɯːm
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肣
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*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
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頷
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*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
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筨
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*ɡɯːm
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梒
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*ɡɯːm
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鋡
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*ɡɯːm
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莟
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*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
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琀
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*ɡɯːms
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浛
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*ɡɯːms
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盦
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*qɯːm, *qaːb
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韽
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*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
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玪
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*krɯːm
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妗
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*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
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欦
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*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
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黔
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*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
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鈐
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*ɡram
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鳹
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*ɡram
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雂
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*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
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念
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*nɯːms
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梣
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*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
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枔
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*sɢrɯm
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岑
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*sɡrɯm
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笒
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*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
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涔
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*sɡrɯm
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侺
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*ɡjɯms
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今
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*krɯm
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黅
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*krɯm
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衿
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*krɯm
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衾
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*kʰrɯm
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坅
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*kʰrɯmʔ
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搇
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*kʰrɯms
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琴
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*ɡrɯm
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禽
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*ɡrɯm
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芩
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*ɡrɯm
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庈
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*ɡrɯm
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耹
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*ɡrɯm
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靲
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*ɡrɯm
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擒
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*ɡrɯm
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檎
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*ɡrɯm
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紟
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*ɡrɯms
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吟
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*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
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訡
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*ŋɡrɯm
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廞
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*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
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陰
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*qrɯm
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霠
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飲
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*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
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蔭
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*qrɯms
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廕
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*qrɯms
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矜
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*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ
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Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *nɯːms) : phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
Alternatively: Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 今 + 心 (see: 張富海:《利用諧聲構擬上古音應該註意的幾個問題》,《出土文獻》,2021年第1期,頁134。)
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njam. Cognate with Tibetan ཉམ (nyam), ཉམས (nyams, “soul, mind, heart”), སྙམ (snyam, “to think, to feel”) (Quan, 1996). Related to 恁 (OC *njɯm, *njɯmʔ, “to think, to miss”).
Schuessler (2007) notes it may be an area word; compare Khmer ចំណាំ (cɑmnam, “memory; recollection”), Proto-Austronesian *nemnem (“to think”).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Note:
- niam6 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping;
- liam6 - Chaozhou;
- niang6 - Chenghai.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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念
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Reading #
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1/1
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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niàn
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Middle Chinese
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‹ nemH ›
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Old Chinese
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/*nˁim-s/
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English
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think of
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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念
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Reading #
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1/1
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No.
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6588
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Phonetic component
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今
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Rime group
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侵
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Rime subdivision
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1
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Corresponding MC rime
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念
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Old Chinese
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/*nɯːms/
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Notes
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或以心含會意
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Definitions[edit]
念
- to miss; to long for; to think of; to recall
- to consider; to contemplate
- Alternative form of 廿 (niàn, “twenty”)
- to worry; to be anxious about
- to feel compassion for; to pity
- to show tender affection for
- to commemorate; to memorialise; to pay tribute to
- idea; thought
- to nag
- (Buddhism) memory
- a surname
Synonyms[edit]
- 心念 (Hokkien)
- 惦念 (diànniàn)
- 惦記/惦记 (diànjì)
- 懸/悬 (xuán) (literary, or in compounds)
- 懸念/悬念 (xuánniàn) (formal)
- 懸想/悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
- 掛念/挂念 (guàniàn)
- 掛意/挂意 (guàyì)
- 掛記/挂记 (Nanchang Gan, Yudu Hakka)
- 數念/数念 (siàu-liām) (Hokkien)
- 牽掛/牵挂 (qiānguà)
- 眷顧/眷顾 (juàngù) (formal)
- 記掛/记挂 (jìguà) (dialectal)
- 顧念/顾念 (gùniàn)
- 冥思 (míngsī)
- 冥想 (míngxiǎng)
- 品味 (pǐnwèi)
- 尋味/寻味 (xúnwèi)
- 尋思/寻思
- 思 (literary, or in compounds)
- 思想 (sīxiǎng)
- 思慮/思虑 (sīlǜ)
- 思索 (sīsuǒ)
- 思維/思维 (sīwéi)
- 思考 (sīkǎo)
- 思裁 (si1 cai2) (Sichuanese)
- 思量 (sīliáng)
- 慎思 (shènsī)
- 掂掇 (diānduo) (colloquial)
- 推敲 (tuīqiāo)
- 掂量 (diānliáng)
- 揣摩 (chuǎimó)
- 斟酌 (zhēnzhuó) (figuratively)
- 沉思 (chénsī)
- 深思 (shēnsī)
- 照顧/照顾 (zhàogù)
- 玩味 (wánwèi)
- 玩弄 (Classical Chinese)
- 琢磨 (zuómo)
- 算計/算计 (suànjì)
- 考慮/考虑 (kǎolǜ)
- 苦思 (kǔsī)
- 著想/着想 (zhuóxiǎng)
- 計算/计算 (jìsuàn)
- 計較/计较
- 設想/设想 (shèxiǎng)
- 顧全/顾全 (gùquán)
- 顧及/顾及 (gùjí)
- 主意
- 心念 (xīnniàn)
- 心思 (xīnsī)
- 志意 (zhìyì) (literary)
- 念頭/念头 (niàntou)
- 思想 (sīxiǎng)
- 意念 (yìniàn)
- 想法
- 想頭/想头 (xiǎngtou) (colloquial)
- 理念 (lǐniàn)
- 諗法/谂法 (nam2 faat3) (Cantonese)
- 點子/点子 (diǎnzi)
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Note:
- niam7 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping;
- liam7 - Chaozhou;
- niang7 - Chenghai.
Definitions[edit]
念
- to read aloud; to chant; to recite
- to study (at a school); to learn
- (Taiwan) to nag
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
Japanese[edit]
念
(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings[edit]
念 • (nen)
- sense
- feeling
Compounds[edit]
念 (eumhun 생각 념 (saenggak nyeom), South Korea 생각 염 (saenggak yeom))
- Hanja form? of 념/염 (“thought”).
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
念: Hán Nôm readings: niệm, niềm, núm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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