稔

稔 U+7A14, 稔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A14 ← 稓 [U+7A13] CJK Unified Ideographs 稕 → [U+7A15]

Translingual

Han character

稔 (radical 115, 禾+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹木人戈心 (HDOIP), four-corner 2893₂, composition ⿰禾念)

Derived characters

• 𡀝 𣿇

References

• KangXi: page 854, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25107
• Dae Jaweon: page 1280, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2614, character 7
• Unihan data for U+7A14

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		稔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (念) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
淰	*rnɯːmʔ, *nɯːmʔ, *hnjɯmʔ
唸	*tɯːms, *tɯːns
埝	*tɯːms, *nɯːb
趝	*klɯːms, *n̥ʰɯːms
諗	*hnjɯmʔ
稔	*njɯːm
棯	*njɯmʔ
腍	*njɯmʔ
捻	*nɯːb
錜	*nɯːb
敜	*nɯːb
惗	*nɯːb, *sens
菍	*nɯːb, *nɯːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njɯːm): semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 念 (OC *nɯːms).

Etymology

“year”

Mon-Khmer (Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007): compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *cn₁am ~ *cn₁aam (“year”), whence Khmer ឆ្នាំ (chnam), Mon သၞာံ (hnam), Vietnamese năm.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rěn (ren³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jam⁵, nam⁵, nim¹
• Min Dong (BUC): sīng / īng
• Wu (Wiktionary): zen (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: rěn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˇ
    • Wade–Giles: jên3
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reen
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rěn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jam⁵, nam⁵, nim¹
    • Yale: yáhm, náhm, nīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jam⁵, nam⁵, nim¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yem⁵, nem⁵, nim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm¹³/, /nɐm¹³/, /niːm⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sīng / īng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ³³/, /iŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: zen (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /z̻əɲ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ȵiɪm^X/

Rime
Character	稔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如甚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵimX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjemX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵimX/
Li Rong	/ȵiəmX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯əmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rěn

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nimʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njɯːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rěn
Middle Chinese	‹ nyimX ›
Old Chinese	/*nimʔ/
English	harvest, year
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稔
Reading #	1/1
No.	9496
Phonetic component	念
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	荏
Old Chinese	/*njɯːm/

Definitions

稔

1. year
2. (of crops, grains) to ripen; ripe; mature; fully-grown
3. Classifier for number of crops grown in a year: crop; harvest
4. to accumulate in the course of time; to collect; to pile up
5. to be familiar with; to know
6. usually; normally
7. beautiful
8. Alternative form of 飪／饪 (rèn, “to steam (till cooked)”).

Compounds

• 一稔
• 中稔
• 五穀豐稔／五谷丰稔
• 來稔／来稔
• 再稔
• 多歷年稔／多历年稔
• 大稔
• 失稔
• 小稔
• 年稔
• 年豐時稔／年丰时稔
• 年豐歲稔／年丰岁稔
• 恣凶稔惡／恣凶稔恶
• 惡盈罪稔／恶盈罪稔
• 惡稔／恶稔
• 惡稔禍盈／恶稔祸盈
• 惡稔罪盈／恶稔罪盈
• 惡稔貫盈／恶稔贯盈
• 時和歲稔／时和岁稔
• 期稔
• 歲稔／岁稔
• 歲稔年豐／岁稔年丰
• 歲豐年稔／岁丰年稔
• 歷稔／历稔

• 民和年稔
• 熟稔 (shúrěn)
• 登稔
• 禍盈惡稔／祸盈恶稔
• 禍稔惡盈／祸稔恶盈
• 禍稔惡積／祸稔恶积
• 禍稔蕭牆／祸稔萧墙
• 秋稔
• 稔亂／稔乱
• 稔姦／稔奸
• 稔寇
• 稔山
• 稔年
• 稔悉
• 稔惡／稔恶
• 稔惡不悛／稔恶不悛
• 稔惡盈貫／稔恶盈贯
• 稔惡藏奸／稔恶藏奸
• 稔慝
• 稔成
• 稔戾
• 稔收
• 稔歲／稔岁

• 稔泰
• 稔熟
• 稔知
• 稔禍／稔祸
• 稔禍胎／稔祸胎
• 稔稔膩膩／稔稔腻腻
• 稔究
• 稔聞／稔闻
• 稔育
• 稔膩／稔腻
• 稔色
• 稔謀／稔谋
• 稔轉／稔转
• 稔釁／稔衅
• 積稔／积稔
• 窮稔／穷稔
• 累稔
• 習稔／习稔
• 豐年稔歲／丰年稔岁
• 豐稔／丰稔 (fēngrěn)
• 貫盈惡稔／贯盈恶稔
• 連稔／连稔
• 釁稔惡盈／衅稔恶盈

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Japanese

Kanji

稔

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: にん (nin)^{←にむ (nimu, historical)}
• Kan-on: じん (jin)^{←じむ (zimu, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ねん (nen)
• Kun: みのる (minoru, 稔る); とし (toshi); みのり (minori)

Proper noun

稔(みのる) • (Minoru) 

1. A male given name

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Korean

Hanja

稔 • (im, yeom) (hangeul 임, 염, revised im, yeom, McCune–Reischauer im, yŏm, Yale im, yem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

稔: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫm, nậm, nẫm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.