仔
Translingual
Han character
仔 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人弓木 (OND), four-corner 27247, composition ⿰亻子)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 92, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 367
- Dae Jaweon: page 195, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 115, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4ED4
Chinese
Etymology 1
Cognate with 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) and 崽 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation 1
| simp. and trad. |
仔 | |
|---|---|---|
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zi2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chú / chír
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zǐh
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ3
- Yale: dž
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyy
- Palladius: цзы (czy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zi2
- Yale: jí
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi2
- Guangdong Romanization: ji2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́
- Hakka Romanization System: zii`
- Hagfa Pinyim: zi3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: tsiX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯʔ/
Definitions
- (domesticated animals or fowls) young
- † meticulous; fine
- (Taiwan) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 籽 (zǐ, “seed”).
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
| simp. and trad. |
仔 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 崽 | |
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zǎi
- Wade–Giles: tsai3
- Yale: dzǎi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzae
- Palladius: цзай (czaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zai2
- Yale: jái
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzai2
- Guangdong Romanization: zei2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐi̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: doi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tᵘɔi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
Definitions
- (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Shehua) son (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
- (Cantonese) child
- (Cantonese, slang) boyfriend (Classifier: 條／条 c)
- (Cantonese, slang) (young) male (Classifier: 條／条 c; 隻／只 c)
- (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) Diminutive suffix.
- Denotes a young male of a particular trait.
- Denotes a young male of a particular occupation or background, often demeaningly.
- Used to call somebody affectionately. (For names, it is only used for males.)
- Demeaningly denotes somebody of a particular occupation or position.
- Denotes a young animal.
- Denotes something that is small in size.
- Denotes the younger sibling of one's spouse.
- Used with single-syllable nouns without denoting a specific meaning.
- (Cantonese) Used after a classifier to indicate that something is small in size and/or quantity.
- (Cantonese, slang, neologism) Suffix placed after a verb or adjective to sound cute and affectionate.
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 子 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 子 |
| Taiwan | 子 | |
| Singapore | 子 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 仔1 |
| Hong Kong | 仔1 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 仔1 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 仔1 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 仔6 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 仔6 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 仔6 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 仔6 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 仔1 | |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 仔2 |
| Quanzhou | 仔2 | |
| Jinjiang | 仔2 | |
| Zhangzhou | 仔2 | |
| Zhangpu | 仔2 | |
| Tainan | 仔2 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 囝 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 囝, 仔2 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 仔2 | |
| Shantou | 囝 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 囝 | |
| Jieyang | 囝 | |
| Haifeng | 仔2 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 囝 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 囝 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 囝 | |
| Wenchang | 囝 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 囝 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 頭, 子 |
Compounds
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Etymology 2
| simp. and trad. |
仔 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 囝 兒／儿 啊 after name or title 也 after name or title | |
Pronunciation 1 is a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ). ((deprecated template usage) [etyl] Mandarin and (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Cantonese pronunciations in words borrowed from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Min Nan are from etymology 1.)
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zǎi
- Wade–Giles: tsai3
- Yale: dzǎi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzae
- Palladius: цзай (czaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zǐh
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ3
- Yale: dž
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyy
- Palladius: цзы (czy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zai2
- Yale: jái
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzai2
- Guangdong Romanization: zei2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐi̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
Definitions
(deprecated template usage) 仔 (chiefly Southern Min)
- a diminutive suffix for nouns, adjectives or quantities
- 囡仔 [Hokkien] ― gín-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― child
- 小叔仔 [Hokkien] ― sió-chek-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― brother-in-law (husband's younger brother)
- 勻勻仔／匀匀仔 [Hokkien] ― ûn-ûn-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― slowly
- 小可仔 [Hokkien] ― sió-khóa-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― a little bit
- 歌仔戲／歌仔戏 ― gēzǐxì ― Taiwanese opera
- a suffix that converts a verb or adjective into a noun
- 抿仔 [Hokkien] ― bín-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― brush
- 矮仔 [Hokkien] ― é-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― shorty
- a suffix placed after a name or title, used endearingly, humorously or pejoratively
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 子 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 子 |
| Taiwan | 子 | |
| Singapore | 子 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 仔1 |
| Hong Kong | 仔1 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 仔1 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 仔1 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 仔6 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 仔6 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 仔6 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 仔6 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 仔1 | |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 仔2 |
| Quanzhou | 仔2 | |
| Jinjiang | 仔2 | |
| Zhangzhou | 仔2 | |
| Zhangpu | 仔2 | |
| Tainan | 仔2 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 囝 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 囝, 仔2 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 仔2 | |
| Shantou | 囝 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 囝 | |
| Jieyang | 囝 | |
| Haifeng | 仔2 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 囝 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 囝 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 囝 | |
| Wenchang | 囝 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 囝 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 頭, 子 |
Usage notes
Tone sandhi before 仔 differ from the normal rules in some dialects of Hokkien. In Taiwanese Hokkien, only the rules for tones 1, 2, 4 (-p/t/k) and 8 (-p/t/k) remain unchanged:
- tone 3 → tone 1 (instead of tone 2): 印仔 (ìn-á)
- tone 4 (-h) → tone 1 (instead of tone 2): 鴨仔／鸭仔 (ah-á)
- tone 5 → tone 7 (instead of tone 3 in northern Taiwan): 蝦仔／虾仔 (hê-á)
- tone 7 does not change (instead of changing to tone 3): 帽仔 (bō-á)
- tone 8 (-h) → tone 7 (instead of tone 3): 藥仔／药仔 (io̍h-á)
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
- Eastern Min (BUC): giāng
- Southern Min
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: giāng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiaŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kánn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvar
- IPA (Lukang): /kã⁵⁵/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kã⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kian2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiáⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰĩã⁵²/
Definitions
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 囝, especially when used as a suffix.
Etymology 3
| simp. and trad. |
仔 | |
|---|---|---|
Weak form of 佮 (kah, kap, “and”).
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): á
Definitions
- (Southern Min) An interfix placed between two nouns to show the relationship between the two objects.
- 翁仔某 [Hokkien] ― ang-á-bó͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― husband and wife
Etymology 4
| simp. and trad. |
仔 | |
|---|---|---|
Weak form of 百 (pah, “hundred”).
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): á
Definitions
- (Southern Min) An interfix placed between two numbers to denote the value of 100, i.e. x 仔 y = 100x + 10y.
- 三-仔-五 [Hokkien] ― saⁿ-á-gō͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― three hundred fifty
Etymology 5
| simp. and trad. |
仔 | |
|---|---|---|
Weak form of 旦 (tòaⁿ, “dawn”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
- (Southern Min) An interfix used limitedly in certain temporal location adverbs.
- 今仔日 [Hokkien] ― kin-á-ji̍t [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― today
- 明仔載／明仔载 [Hokkien] ― bîn-á-chài [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― tomorrow
Etymology 6
| simp. and trad. |
仔 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 兒／儿 欸 | |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 兒?”)
Pronunciation
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: é
- Hakka Romanization System: e`
- Hagfa Pinyim: e3
- Sinological IPA: /e³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
Note: In Northern Sixian, 仔 is pronounced as è when following the rising (31) and dark entering (2) tones.
Definitions
(deprecated template usage) 仔 (Hakka)
- a suffix used after nouns
- 樹仔／树仔 [Sixian Hakka] ― su-é [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― tree
- a suffix that makes a derogatory slur
- 阿山仔 [Sixian Hakka] ― â-sân-é [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― Mainlander
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 子 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 子 |
| Taiwan | 子 | |
| Singapore | 子 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 仔1 |
| Hong Kong | 仔1 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 仔1 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 仔1 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 仔6 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 仔6 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 仔6 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 仔6 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 仔1 | |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 仔2 |
| Quanzhou | 仔2 | |
| Jinjiang | 仔2 | |
| Zhangzhou | 仔2 | |
| Zhangpu | 仔2 | |
| Tainan | 仔2 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 囝 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 囝, 仔2 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 仔2 | |
| Shantou | 囝 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 囝 | |
| Jieyang | 囝 | |
| Haifeng | 仔2 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 囝 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 囝 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 囝 | |
| Wenchang | 囝 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 囝 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 頭, 子 |
Derived terms
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Etymology 7
| simp. and trad. |
仔 | |
|---|---|---|
Cognate with 載 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs, “to load; to carry”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zih
- Wade–Giles: tzŭ1
- Yale: dz̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzy
- Palladius: цзы (czy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zi1
- Yale: jī
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi1
- Guangdong Romanization: ji1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: tsi
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯ/
Definitions
- Only used in 仔肩 (zījiān).
Etymology 8
| simp. and trad. |
仔 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 之 | |
Pronunciation
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Definitions
(deprecated template usage) 仔 (Wu)
- Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).
- Used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change of state.
See also
References
- Chinese Linguipedia (中華語文知識庫): zǐ, zǎi, zī
- Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Hakka (臺灣客家語常用詞辭典): é, chṳ́
- Min Nan Lexicon (閩南語字彙)
- Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary (重編國語辭典修定本): zī, zǐ, zǎi
- (Min Nan) “Entry #1310”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
- (Min Nan) Zhou, Changji (周长楫) (ed.). Minnan Fangyan Da Cidian (闽南方言大词典) (Chinese). Fuzhou: Fujian People's Publishing House, 2006. →ISBN.
- (Min Nan) The template Template:R:nan:thcwda does not use the parameter(s):
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“(#)”, in 臺灣閩南語按呢寫[1], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2013.
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“(#)”, in 臺灣閩南語按呢寫[2], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2013.
Japanese
Kanji
仔
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- offspring (animal)
- detailed, fine
Readings
Korean
Hanja
仔 (eum 자 (ja))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
Categories:
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese Han characters
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Taiwanese Chinese
- Taishanese lemmas
- Taishanese nouns
- Chinese suffixes
- Mandarin suffixes
- Cantonese suffixes
- Taishanese suffixes
- Hakka suffixes
- Cantonese Chinese
- Hakka Chinese
- Shehua Chinese
- Chinese nouns classified by 個/个
- Chinese nouns classified by 粒
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Chinese slang
- Chinese nouns classified by 條/条
- Chinese nouns classified by 隻/只
- Chinese neologisms
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Hokkien suffixes
- Southern Min Chinese
- Hokkien terms with usage examples
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Eastern Min nouns
- Teochew nouns
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- Chinese interfix
- Hokkien interfix
- Hakka terms with usage examples
- Wu Chinese
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading し
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading し
- Japanese kanji with kun reading た-える
- Japanese kanji with kun reading こ
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters