貧
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
See also: 贫
|
Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]貧 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 金尸竹金 (CSHC), four-corner 80806, composition ⿱分貝)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36677
- Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3628, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8CA7
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 貧 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 贫 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 貧 | ||
---|---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
扮 | *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ |
盼 | *pʰrɯːns |
頒 | *praːn, *bɯn |
朌 | *praːn, *bɯn |
鳻 | *praːn, *bɯn |
份 | *prɯn, *bɯns |
汃 | *pʰreːd, *prɯn |
玢 | *prɯn |
邠 | *prɯn |
攽 | *prɯn |
砏 | *prɯn, *pʰrɯn, *pʰɯn |
貧 | *brɯn |
湓 | *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns |
盆 | *bɯːn |
葐 | *bɯːn, *bɯn, *bɯn |
坌 | *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns |
坋 | *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns |
分 | *pɯn, *bɯns |
吩 | *pɯn |
粉 | *pɯnʔ |
黺 | *pɯnʔ |
芬 | *pʰɯn |
紛 | *pʰɯn |
衯 | *pʰɯn |
棻 | *pʰɯn, *bɯn |
氛 | *pʰɯn, *bɯn |
雰 | *pʰɯn |
忿 | *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯnʔ |
魵 | *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
汾 | *bɯn |
羒 | *bɯn |
枌 | *bɯn |
棼 | *bɯn |
妢 | *bɯn |
梤 | *bɯn |
馚 | *bɯn |
鼢 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
蚡 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
弅 | *bɯnʔ |
秎 | *bɯns |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *brɯn) : phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns, “divide”) + semantic 貝 (“money”) – to divide one's money.
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-b(u/i)l (“poor”); cognate with Tibetan དབུལ (dbul, “poor”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pin2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): pin2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ping1
- Northern Min (KCR): běng
- Eastern Min (BUC): bìng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6bin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bin2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pín
- Wade–Giles: pʻin2
- Yale: pín
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyn
- Palladius: пинь (pinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰin³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: pin2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pin
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰin²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pan4
- Yale: pàhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: pan4
- Guangdong Romanization: pen4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɐn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: pin3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰin²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: pin2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰin²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phìn
- Hakka Romanization System: pinˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pin2
- Sinological IPA: /pʰin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ping1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰĩŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: běng
- Sinological IPA (key): /peiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bìng
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pân
- Tâi-lô: pân
- Phofsit Daibuun: paan
- IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Yilan): /pan²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pan²³/
- (Hokkien: Tainan, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pûn
- Tâi-lô: pûn
- Phofsit Daibuun: puun
- IPA (Tainan): /pun²⁴/
Note:
- Quanzhou:
- pîn - literary;
- pân - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 貧 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /pʰin³⁵/ |
Harbin | /pʰin²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /pʰin⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /pʰiẽ⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /pʰiə̃⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /pʰin⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /pʰiẽ²⁴/ | |
Xining | /pʰiə̃²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /pʰiŋ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /pʰĩn⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /pʰiŋ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /pʰin²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /pʰin³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /pʰin²¹/ | |
Kunming | /pʰĩ³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /pʰin²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /pʰin⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /pʰiəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /pʰiŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /pʰĩŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /biŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /bin¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /bin²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /beŋ³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /pʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /pʰin⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /pin¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /bin¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /pʰin⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /pʰin¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /pʰin¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pʰɐn²¹/ |
Nanning | /pʰɐn²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /pʰɐn²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pin³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /piŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /peiŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /pʰiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /fin³¹/ /kiaŋ³¹/ 訓窮 |
- Middle Chinese: bin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rə[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*brɯn/
Definitions
[edit]貧
- poor; impoverished; destitute
- 出自北門,憂心殷殷。終窶且貧,莫知我艱。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Chū zì běimén, yōuxīn yīnyīn. Zhōng jù qiě pín, mò zhī wǒ jiān. [Pinyin]
- I go out at the north gate, with my heart full of sorrow. Straitened am I and poor, and no one takes knowledge of my distress.
出自北门,忧心殷殷。终窭且贫,莫知我艰。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of
Synonyms
[edit]- (poor):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 貧, 窮 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 窮, 貧窮 |
Singapore | 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦 | |
Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 窮 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 窮 |
Wanrong | 窮 | |
Xi'an | 窮 | |
Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 窮 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 苦寒 |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 窮 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窮 |
Hong Kong | 窮 | |
Taishan | 窮 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 窮 |
Pingxiang | 窮 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 窮 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 窮 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 窮無 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 窮 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
Quanzhou | 宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 | |
Hui'an | 窮赤 | |
Zhangzhou | 宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤, 䆀空, 無空 | |
Tainan | 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦 | |
Raoping | 磽 | |
Shantou | 窮, 磽 | |
Jieyang | 窮, 磽 | |
Leizhou | 窮, 蒯 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 窮 |
Suzhou | 窮 | |
Danyang | 窮 | |
Hangzhou | 窮 | |
Jinhua | 倒灶 |
- (to lack):
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “poor”): 富 (fù)
Etymology 2
[edit]The same word as 頻/频 (pín, “frequent”) (Xu, 1990).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pín
- Wade–Giles: pʻin2
- Yale: pín
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyn
- Palladius: пинь (pinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰin³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]貧
- (colloquial) garrulous; talkative
- 18th century, Cao Xueqin, chapter 75, in Dream of the Red Chamber:
- [寶玉] 因賈政在座自是踧踖不安,偏又在他手內,因想:說笑話,倘或說不好了,又說沒口才;若說好了,又說正經的不會只管油嘴貧舌,更有不是;不如不說的好。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- [Bǎoyù] yīn Jiǎ Zhèng zài zuò zì shì cùjí bù'ān, piān yòu zài tā shǒu nèi, yīn xiǎng: shuō xiàohuà, tǎnghuò shuō bù hǎo le, yòu shuō méi kǒucái; ruò shuō hǎo le, yòu shuō zhèngjǐng de bù huì zhǐ guǎn yóu zuǐ pín shé, gèng yǒu bùshì; bù rú bù shuō de hǎo. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
[宝玉] 因贾政在座自是踧踖不安,偏又在他手内,因想:说笑话,倘或说不好了,又说没口才;若说好了,又说正经的不会只管油嘴贫舌,更有不是;不如不说的好。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
[edit]- 一貧如洗/一贫如洗 (yīpínrúxǐ)
- 七貧八富/七贫八富
- 下貧/下贫
- 不甘食貧/不甘食贫
- 人貧智短/人贫智短
- 倚富欺貧/倚富欺贫
- 劫富濟貧/劫富济贫 (jiéfùjìpín)
- 原憲貧/原宪贫
- 嘴貧/嘴贫 (zuǐpín)
- 嫌貧愛富/嫌贫爱富
- 孤貧/孤贫
- 孤貧顛連/孤贫颠连
- 安富恤貧/安富恤贫
- 安貧/安贫
- 安貧守道/安贫守道
- 安貧樂賤/安贫乐贱
- 安貧樂道/安贫乐道 (ānpínlèdào)
- 守道安貧/守道安贫
- 家貧/家贫 (jiāpín)
- 家貧命苦/家贫命苦
- 家貧如洗/家贫如洗
- 家道貧寒/家道贫寒
- 富不如貧/富不如贫
- 居貧/居贫
- 幫貧/帮贫 (bāngpín)
- 恤老憐貧/恤老怜贫
- 恤貧/恤贫
- 惡性貧血/恶性贫血 (èxìng pínxuè)
- 惜老憐貧/惜老怜贫
- 愛富嫌貧/爱富嫌贫
- 愛老憐貧/爱老怜贫
- 憐貧恤老/怜贫恤老
- 憐貧恤苦/怜贫恤苦
- 憐貧惜老/怜贫惜老
- 憐貧敬老/怜贫敬老
- 振窮卹貧/振穷卹贫
- 振貧濟乏/振贫济乏
- 放富差貧/放富差贫
- 敬老恤貧/敬老恤贫
- 敬老憐貧/敬老怜贫
- 數貧嘴/数贫嘴
- 樂貧甘賤/乐贫甘贱
- 樂道安貧/乐道安贫
- 清貧/清贫 (qīngpín)
- 清貧如洗/清贫如洗
- 清貧寡欲/清贫寡欲
- 濟寒賑貧/济寒赈贫
- 濟苦憐貧/济苦怜贫
- 濟貧/济贫 (jìpín)
- 濟貧拔苦/济贫拔苦
- 甘貧守分/甘贫守分
- 甘貧守志/甘贫守志
- 甘貧守節/甘贫守节
- 甘貧樂道/甘贫乐道
- 療貧/疗贫
- 矜貧恤獨/矜贫恤独
- 矜貧救厄/矜贫救厄
- 耍貧嘴/耍贫嘴 (shuǎ pínzuǐ)
- 脫貧/脱贫 (tuōpín)
- 腦貧血/脑贫血
- 貧乏/贫乏 (pínfá)
- 貧僧/贫僧 (pínsēng)
- 貧嘴/贫嘴 (pínzuǐ)
- 貧嘴惡舌/贫嘴恶舌
- 貧嘴薄舌/贫嘴薄舌
- 貧嘴賤舌/贫嘴贱舌
- 貧嘴餓舌/贫嘴饿舌
- 貧困/贫困 (pínkùn)
- 貧士/贫士
- 貧女分光/贫女分光
- 貧子/贫子
- 貧寒/贫寒 (pínhán)
- 貧富不均/贫富不均
- 貧寒出身/贫寒出身
- 貧富差距/贫富差距 (pínfù chājù)
- 貧富懸殊/贫富悬殊 (pínfùxuánshū)
- 貧弱/贫弱 (pínruò)
- 貧惰/贫惰 (pîn-tōaⁿ) (Min Nan)
- 貧戶/贫户
- 貧民/贫民 (pínmín)
- 貧民住宅/贫民住宅
- 貧民區/贫民区 (pínmínqū)
- 貧民救助/贫民救助
- 貧民窟/贫民窟 (pínmínkū)
- 貧氣/贫气
- 貧無立錐/贫无立锥
- 貧病/贫病
- 貧病交攻/贫病交攻
- 貧病交迫/贫病交迫
- 貧瘠/贫瘠 (pínjí)
- 貧礦/贫矿
- 貧窮/贫穷 (pínqióng)
- 貧窮文化/贫穷文化
- 貧窶/贫窭
- 貧而樂道/贫而乐道
- 貧而無諂/贫而无谄
- 貧胎/贫胎
- 貧苦/贫苦 (pínkǔ)
- 貧血/贫血 (pínxuè)
- 貧血病/贫血病
- 貧賤/贫贱 (pínjiàn)
- 貧賤之交/贫贱之交
- 貧賤之知/贫贱之知
- 貧賤交/贫贱交
- 貧賤糟糠/贫贱糟糠
- 貧賤驕人/贫贱骄人
- 貧道/贫道 (píndào)
- 貧難/贫难
- 貧非病/贫非病
- 貧骨頭/贫骨头
- 賣富差貧/卖富差贫
- 赤貧/赤贫 (chìpín)
- 赤貧如洗/赤贫如洗
- 身貧如洗/身贫如洗
- 鍊貧/炼贫
- 饋貧糧/馈贫粮
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]貧
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: びん (bin, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ひん (hin, Jōyō)
- Kun: まずしい (mazushii, 貧しい, Jōyō)←まづしい (madusii, 貧しい, historical)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]貧 (eumhun 가난할 빈 (gananhal bin))
Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Sichuanese adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Taishanese adjectives
- Gan adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Jin adjectives
- Northern Min adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Xiang adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Sichuanese verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Taishanese verbs
- Gan verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Jin verbs
- Northern Min verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Xiang verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Old Chinese verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 貧
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese colloquialisms
- Mandarin terms with quotations
- Advanced Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese fifth grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading びん
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ひん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading まず・しい
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading まづ・しい
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters