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U+9632, 防
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9632

[U+9631]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9633]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 170, +4, 7 strokes in traditional Chinese, 6 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 弓中卜竹尸 (NLYHS), four-corner 70227, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1347, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41576
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1848, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4118, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9632

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms
𨹛

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *baŋ, *baŋs) : semantic + phonetic (OC *paŋ, *baŋ).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • hòng - vernacular;
  • huòng - literary.
Note:
  • 3baan - vernacular (e.g. 預防);
  • 3vaan - literary (e.g. 消防).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /fɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /faŋ²⁴/ ~備
/faŋ²¹³/ 國~
Tianjin /fɑŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /faŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /faŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /faŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /faŋ²⁴/
Xining /fɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /fɑŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /fɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /fɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /faŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /faŋ³¹/
Guiyang /faŋ²¹/
Kunming /fã̠³¹/
Nanjing /faŋ²⁴/
Hefei /fɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /fɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /xuɑŋ¹³/
/xuə¹³/
Hohhot /fɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /bɑ̃²³/
/vɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /bɑ̃¹³/
/vɑ̃¹³/
Hangzhou /bɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦuɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /fo⁴⁴/
Tunxi /fau⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /fan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /fɔŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /foŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /foŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɔŋ²¹/
Nanning /fɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /fɔŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /houŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /huaŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /faŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (3) (3)
Final () (106) (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter bjang bjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bʉɐŋ/ /bʉɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/bʷiɐŋ/ /bʷiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/biuɑŋ/ /biuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/buaŋ/ /buaŋH/
Li
Rong
/biuaŋ/ /biuaŋH/
Wang
Li
/bĭwaŋ/ /bĭwaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱiwaŋ/ /bʱiwaŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fáng fàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fong4 fong6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
fáng
Middle
Chinese
‹ bjang ›
Old
Chinese
/*[m-p]aŋ/
English dike

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3053 3059
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*baŋ/ /*baŋs/

Definitions

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  1. (literary, or in compounds) dam; embankment
  2. (obsolete) fortress; stronghold
  3. (obsolete) to dam; to block; to build an embankment
  4. to prevent; to guard against
      ―  fáng'ái  ―  to prevent cancer
    不得 [MSC, trad.]
    不得 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè zhǒng rén bùdé bù fáng. [Pinyin]
    You must guard against people like this.
  5. (literary, or in compounds) to defend; to safeguard
    线  ―  fángxiàn  ―  line of defense
  6. (literary, or in compounds) matters pertaining to defense
      ―  biānfáng  ―  border defense
      ―  guófáng  ―  national defense
  7. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (dam):
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  • (to prevent):
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  • (to defend):
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Compounds

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Further reading

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. dam, embankment
  2. prevent, anti-, -proof
  3. defend

Readings

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Compounds

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dam, embankment
prevent, anti-, -proof
defend

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 막을 (mageul bang))

  1. hanja form? of (dam, embankment)
  2. hanja form? of (prevent, anti-, -proof)
  3. hanja form? of (defend)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: phòng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

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