鴆

See also: 鸩

鴆 U+9D06, 鴆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D06 ← 鴅 [U+9D05] CJK Unified Ideographs 鴇 → [U+9D07]

Translingual

Han character

鴆 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+4, 15 strokes, cangjie input 中山竹日火 (LUHAF), four-corner 4702₇, composition ⿰冘鳥)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1484, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46727
• Dae Jaweon: page 2016, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4621, character 6
• Unihan data for U+9D06

Chinese

trad.		鴆
simp.		鸩
alternative forms		酖／鸩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鴆
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (冘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
冘	*lu, *lum
抌	*lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ
狖	*lus
貁	*lus
耽	*ʔl'uːm
眈	*ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm
酖	*ʔl'uːm
妉	*ʔl'uːm
黕	*ʔl'uːmʔ
衴	*ʔl'uːmʔ
瓭	*ʔl'uːmʔ
馾	*ʔl'uːms
髧	*l'uːmʔ
紞	*ʔl'oːmʔ
鈂	*zlum, *l'um
沈	*l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ
沉	*l'um
枕	*l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums
莐	*l'um
霃	*l'um
鴆	*l'ums
訦	*ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ
忱	*ɦljum
邥	*hljumʔ
魫	*hljumʔ

Etymology

Same word as 酖 (OC *l'ums, “to poison (v.); poison (n.)”) (e.g. in Zuozhuan, "Xi 30"[1]), exopassive of 沈 (OC *l'um, “to put poison in liquid”) (e.g. in Rites of Zhou [2]) (Schuessler, 2007). See 沈 & 沉 (chén) for further etymology.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhèn (zhen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zam⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thim

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhèn
    • Wade–Giles: chên⁴
    • Yale: jèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenn
    • Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zam⁶
    • Yale: jahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzam⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zem⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thim
    • Tâi-lô: thim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tym
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰim³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰim⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: drimH

Rime
Character	鴆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直禁切
Baxter	drimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiɪmH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚimH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiemH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖjimH/
Li Rong	/ȡjəmH/
Wang Li	/ȡĭĕmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯əmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]r[ə]m-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'ums/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鴆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhèn
Middle Chinese	‹ drimH ›
Old Chinese	/*[l]r[ə]m-s/
English	poison (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鴆
Reading #	1/1
No.	15260
Phonetic component	冘
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鴆
Old Chinese	/*l'ums/

Definitions

鴆

1. (Chinese mythology) the zhenniao (a hawk-like, snake-eating bird with poisonous feathers)

   • 吾令鴆為媒兮，鴆告余以不好。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     吾令鸩为媒兮，鸩告余以不好。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Wú lìng zhèn wéi méi xī, zhèn gào yú yǐ bùhǎo. [Pinyin]

     I bade the zhen-bird to be my go-between; the zhen-bird told me: "Not good!"

   • 又東北百二十里，曰女几之山，……其鳥多白鷮，多翟，多鴆。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     又东北百二十里，曰女几之山，……其鸟多白𱉬，多翟，多鸩。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Mountains and Seas

     Yòu dōngběi bǎi'èrshí lǐ, yuē Nǚjī zhī shān,...... Qí niǎo duō báijiāo, duō dí, duō zhèn. [Pinyin]

     120-li more northeastwards, [there's a place] called Mount Nüji; [...] as for the birds, there are many white jiāo-pheasants, many dí-pheasants, and many zhèn-hawks.

2. poisonous

   • 太后怒，乃令人酌兩卮鴆酒置前，令齊王為壽。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     太后怒，乃令人酌两卮鸩酒置前，令齐王为寿。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Tàihòu nù, nǎi lìng rén zhuó liǎng zhī zhènjiǔ zhì qián, lìng Qíwáng wéishòu. [Pinyin]

     The Empress Dowager was angry; so she ordered her manservant to pour two goblets of poisonous / poisoned liquor and put those in front, and ordered the Prince of Qi to drink for her longevity.

3. to poison

   • 溫之會，晉人執衛成公歸之于周，使醫鴆之，不死，醫亦不誅。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     温之会，晋人执卫成公归之于周，使医鸩之，不死，医亦不诛。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE

     Wēn zhī huì, Jìnrén zhí Wèi Chénggōng guī zhī yú Zhōu, shǐ yī zhèn zhī, bù sǐ, yī yì bù zhū. [Pinyin]

     At the assembly at Wen, the men of Jin held Duke Cheng of Wey captive and returned him to Zhou. They dispatched a physician to poison him; he did not die, and the physician was not executed also.

4. poison

   • 公田，驪姬受福，乃置鴆于酒，置堇于肉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     公田，骊姬受福，乃置鸩于酒，置堇于肉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE

     Gōng tián, Líjī shòufú, nǎi zhì zhèn yú jiǔ, zhì jǐn yú ròu. [Pinyin]

     The Duke went out hunting; Li Ji accepted the blessings. Then she put poison in the liquor and put aconite's bane in the meats.

Compounds

• 宴安鴆毒／宴安鸩毒
• 止渴飲鴆／止渴饮鸩
• 燕安鴆毒／燕安鸩毒
• 飲鴆止渴／饮鸩止渴 (yǐnzhènzhǐkě)
• 鴆媒／鸩媒
• 鴆害／鸩害
• 鴆殺／鸩杀 (zhènshā)
• 鴆毒／鸩毒
• 鴆湯／鸩汤
• 鴆酒／鸩酒 (zhènjiǔ)
• 鴆鳥／鸩鸟 (zhènniǎo)

 

Usage notes

According to Guo Pu, two different kinds of birds are named 鴆／鸩 (zhèn):

• the poisonous, snake-eating, hawk-like birds; and
• the pheasant-like birds that eat noxious bugs called fěi (蜚), .

Japanese

Kanji

鴆

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): ちん (chin)

Korean

Hanja

鴆 (eum 짐 (jim))

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Vietnamese

Han character

鴆: Hán Nôm readings: chũm, trấm, chậm

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