山

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See also: ш

Template:character info/new

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order
(cursive)

Han character

See images of
Radical 46 山

山 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 山 (U), four-corner 22770, composition ⿱丨凵)

  1. Kangxi radical #46, ⼭.

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 307, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7869
  • Dae Jaweon: page 604, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 759, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5C71

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 山
Wikipedia has articles on:
珠穆朗瑪峰，地球海拔最高的山

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 山
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (山) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
山 *sreːn
疝 *sreːn, *sraːns
邖 *sreːn
汕 *sreːnʔ, *sraːns
訕 *sraːn, *sraːns
仙 *sen
秈 *sen
苮 *sen
屾 *srin

Pictogram (象形) – three mountain peaks. In the Oracle Bone Script, they were represented by triangles rather than vertical strokes. Compare 丘 (qiū), particularly earlier forms.

Etymology

Unknown – cognates not known outside Sino-Bai. Cognate with Central Bai svrt (“mountain”) (< Proto-Bai *sro⁴). Starostin compares it with Kayan sʰôn (“mountain”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • san - literary;
  • soaⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • suan1 - vernacular;
  • sang1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 山
Mandarin Beijing /ʂan⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /san²¹/
Jinan /ʂã²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʂan²⁴/
Xi'an /sã²¹/
Xining /sã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂan⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /san⁴⁴/
Wuhan /san⁵⁵/
Chengdu /san⁵⁵/
Guiyang /san⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʂã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʂaŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʂæ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /sæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /sɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /se⁵³/
Suzhou /se̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /sa³³/
Hui Shexian /sɛ³¹/
Tunxi /sɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /san³³/
Xiangtan /san³³/
Gan Nanchang /san⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /san⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sɑm²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /san⁵³/
Nanning /san⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /san⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /san⁵⁵/
/suã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /saŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /suiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /suã³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /saŋ²³/
/tua²³/
Rime
Character 山
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 所閒切
Baxter srean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂəɨn/
Li
Rong 		/ʃɛn/
Wang
Li 		/ʃæn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʂăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		saan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 山
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ srɛn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-ŋrar/
English mountain, hill

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 山
Reading # 1/1
No. 11052
Phonetic
component 		山
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		山
Old
Chinese 		/*sreːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 山

  1. mountain; hill (Classifier: 座 m c; 粒 mn)
    登山  ―  dēngshān  ―  to climb a mountain
  2. hill-shaped object
    冰山  ―  bīngshān  ―  iceberg
  3. bundled straw in which silkworms spin cocoons
  4. gable
  5. a surname Shan

See also

Compounds

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Descendants

Sino-Xenic (山):
  • → Japanese: 山(さん) (san)
  • → Korean: 산(山) (san)
  • → Vietnamese: sơn (山)

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
山
やま
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

山(やま) or 山(ヤマ) • (yama) 

  1. a mountain (large mass of earth and rock) or (large) hill
  2. a mine (excavation usually consisting of small tunnels)
    Synonym: 鉱山 (kōzan)
  3. a heap, pile
  4. the top or high part of an object
    ねじ山 (nejiyama, “thread of a screw”)
    帽子の山 (bōshi no yama, “crown of a hat”)
  5. a climax, peak
    Synonyms: クライマックス (kuraimakkusu), 絶頂 (zetchō)
  6. a chance, gamble
  7. a guess, speculation
  8. a crime, criminal case
    Synonym: 犯罪事件 (hanzai jiken)
  9. mountain climbing, mountaineering
    Synonym: 山登り (yamanobori)
  10. Short for 山鉾 (yamaboko): a festival float usually decorated with a 鉾 (hoko)
  11. (colloquial) Mount Hiei and/or Enryaku-ji
    Antonym: 寺 (tera)
  12. (mahjong) a wall, wall tile
Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms
Idioms
Proverbs
Proverbs

Prefix

山(やま) • (yama-) 

  1. prefix for species that are wild or residing in mountains
Derived terms
Derived terms

Counter

山(やま) • (-yama) 

  1. counter for number of stock rise and fall like a mountain (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  2. counter for number of mountains, forests and/or mines
Derived terms

Proper noun

山(やま) • (Yama) 

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Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
山
さん
Grade: 1
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 山 (MC srean).

Sometimes spelled with rendaku (連濁), as -zan.

Suffix

山(さん) • (-san) 

  1. Mount, Mt.
    1. suffix for names of mountains
    2. suffix for a temple's honorific mountain name
      Synonym: 山号 (sangō)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Affix

  1. mountain
  2. mine
  3. temple, temple ground
  4. Short for 比叡山 (Hieizan): Mount Hiei

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
山
むれ
Grade: 1
irregular

Phonetic spelling first attested in the Edo period.

From Old Japanese, itself a borrowing from Old Korean 牟禮 (morye), [1][2] compare Middle Korean 뫼 (mwoy).

Alternative forms

Noun

山(むれ) • (mure) 

  1. (rare, obsolete) a hill or mountain

References

  1. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DJR
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

山 (eumhun 메 산 (me san))

  1. mountain

Compounds

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *yama.

Noun

山 (yama) (kana やま)

  1. a mountain
    • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 31:
      伊能知能麻多祁牟比登波多多美許母弊具理能夜麻能久麻加志賀波袁宇受爾佐勢曾能古
      ino2ti no2 matake1mu pi1to2 pa tatami1ko2mo2 Pe1guri-no2-yama no2 kumakasi no2 pa wo uzu ni sase so2no2 ko1
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. a forested area of a mountain for harvesting, hunting, etc.
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 4, poem 779:
      板盖之黑木乃屋根者山近之明日取而持將參來
      itapuki1 no2 kuro1ki2 no2 yane pa yama tikasi asu no2 pi1 to2rite motimawiriko2mu
      Since the mountains are close by, tomorrow I will cut down and bring you rough logs for your wooden roof.[1]
Descendants
  • Japanese: 山 (yama)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Korean 牟禮 (morye).[2][3]

Compare Middle Korean 뫼 (mwoy).

Alternative forms

Noun

山 (mure) (kana むれ)

  1. a hill or mountain
    • 720, Nihon Shoki, Empress Jingū, entry 19: 49th year of the second month, spring:
      唯千熊長彥與百濟王、至于百濟國、登辟支山盟之、復登古沙山、共居磐石上。
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Usage notes

No known Early Middle Japanese dictionaries attest the mure spelling phonetically, the earliest being found in the Mito-bon Hei Nihongi Shiki (1678).

Descendants

References

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  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Han character

山: Hán Việt readings: sơn[1][2][3], san[3]
山: Nôm readings: sơn[1][2], san[2][4]

  1. Template:han tu form of

Compounds

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
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