百

See also: 佰, 白, and 𦣻

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

百 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+1, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一日 (MA), four-corner 1060₀, composition ⿱一白 or ⿱丆日)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 785, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22679
• Dae Jaweon: page 1199, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2643, character 1
• Unihan data for U+767E

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		百
alternative forms		佰 financial 𦣻 archaic

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 百
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
怕	*pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕	*pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕	*pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉	*pʰaːɡ
泊	*baːɡ
箔	*baːɡ
魄	*tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕	*prɯɡ
伯	*praːɡ
百	*praːɡ
迫	*praːɡ
敀	*praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏	*praːɡ
湐	*praːɡ
拍	*pʰraːɡ
珀	*pʰraːɡ
皛	*pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦	*mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白	*braːɡ
帛	*braːɡ
舶	*braːɡ
鮊	*braːɡ
陌	*mbraːɡ
帞	*mbraːɡ
袹	*mbraːɡ
蛨	*mbraːɡ
貊	*mbraːɡ
佰	*mbraːɡ
銆	*mbraːɡ
碧	*praɡ, *preɡ
咟	*ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 一 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 百

1. hundred
2. numerous; countless
3. every; all
4. entirely; completely; at all
5. a surname Bai (mainland China, Taiwan), Baak, Bak (Hong Kong)

See also

Chinese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	102	103	104	106	108	1012
Normal (小寫／小写)	〇, 零, 空	一, 蜀	二, 兩／两	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬／万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	百萬／百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines)	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫／大写)	零	壹	貳／贰	參／叁	肆	伍	陸／陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (百):

• → Japanese: 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
• → Korean: 백(百) (baek)
• → Vietnamese: bách (百)

Others:

• → Ai-Cham: pek⁷
• → Lao: ປາກ (pāk)
• → Lü: ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak)
• → Shan: ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak)
• → Zhuang: bak

Further reading

• “Entry #2597”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

百

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: はく (haku)
• Kun: もも (momo, 百); ほ (ho, 百); お (o)
• Nanori: ど (do); どう (dō); なり (nari); ひゅく (hyuku); も (mo); もんど (mondo); ゆ (yu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
百
ひゃく Grade: 1
on'yomi

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 百 (pˠæk, “hundred”).

Noun

百(ひゃく) • (hyaku) 

1. hundred
2. a very many, lots, a lot
3. one hundred years old, advanced age

Usage notes

This is the most common term for hundred in modern Japanese.

Idioms

Idioms

• 百(ひゃく)に一(ひと)つ (hyaku ni hitotsu): “one in a hundred” → something rare or unusual
• 百(ひゃく)も承(しょう)知(ち) (hyaku mo shōchi): “awareness of the hundred” → the state of being fully aware of something

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 百(ひゃっ)科(か)全(ぜん)書(しょ) (hyakka zensho): an encyclopedia
• 百(ひゃく)千(せん) (hyakusen): a large number, all sorts, hundreds and thousands

Japanese numerical compounds with 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
100	200	300	400	500	600	700	800	900	Hundreds of
百(ひゃく) (hyaku) 一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)	二(に)百(ひゃく) (nihyaku)	三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku)	四(よん)百(ひゃく) (yonhyaku)	五(ご)百(ひゃく) (gohyaku)	六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku)	七(なな)百(ひゃく) (nanahyaku)	八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku)	九(きゅう)百(ひゃく) (kyūhyaku) 九(く)百(ひゃく) (kuhyaku)	何(なん)百(びゃく) (nanbyaku) 数(すう)百(ひゃく) (sūhyaku)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
百
もも Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/mo₁mo₁/ → /momo/

From Old Japanese.

Noun

百(もも) • (momo) 

1. (archaic) hundred
2. (archaic) a very many

Usage notes

While ho or o is only used in compounds, momo can be used on its own.

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases or compounds.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 百(もも)日(か) (momoka): hundredth day
• 百(もも)声(こえ)鳥(どり) (momokoedori): Cuculus poliocephalus, lesser cuckoo
• 百舌(もず) (mozu): shrike
• 百(もも)千(ち) (momochi): a large number, all sorts, hundreds and thousands
• 百(もも)千(ち)鳥(どり) (momochidori): all sorts of birds, hundreds and thousands of birds; a plover; a Japanese bush warbler
• 百(もも)年(とせ) (momotose): hundred years, century, a long time
• 百(もも)夜(よ) (momoyo): a hundred nights

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
百
ほ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

From Old Japanese.

Noun

百(ほ) • (ho) 

1. (obsolete) hundred
2. (obsolete) a very many

Usage notes

While momo can be used on its own, ho is only used in compounds, where it has lost the initial consonant and appears instead as o (see below). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).

Obsolete. Superseded by o (see below).

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
百
お Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Change in pronunciation from ho (see above).

Noun

百(お) • (o) ^{←ほ (fo)?}

1. (archaic) hundred
2. (archaic) a very many

Usage notes

While momo can be used on its own, o is only used in compounds. This o was originally pronounced ho (see above). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases and compounds.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 二(ふた)百(お) (futao): two hundred
• 三(み)百(お) (mio): three hundred
• 四(よ)百(お) (yō): four hundred
• 五(い)百(お) (io): five hundred; a very many
• 六(む)百(お) (muo): six hundred

• 七(なな)百(お) (nanao): seven hundred
• 八(や)百(お) (yao): eight hundred; a very many
• 九(ここの)百(お) (kokonō): nine hundred
• 八(や)百(お)万(よろず) (yaoyorozu): eight million; a great multitude, a countless large number or amount

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Korean

Hanja

百 • (baek, maek)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 백, 맥
  • Name (hangeul): 일백
    

1. hundred.

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Vietnamese

Han character

百: Hán Việt readings: bách (博(bác)陌(mạch)切(thiết)), bá
百: Nôm readings: bách, bá, trăm

1. chữ Hán form of bách (“hundred”).

Compounds

• 百合 (bách hợp)
• 百姓 (bách tính, bá tánh)
• 百方 (bách phương)
• 百獸 (bách thú)
• 百科 (bách khoa)
• 百聞不如一見 (bách văn bất như nhất kiến)
• 百草 (bách thảo)
• 百越 (Bách Việt)