米
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
米 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火木 (FD), four-corner 90904, composition ⿻丷木(GHJKV) or ⿻十⿱丷八(T) or ⿻丷⿻十八(T))
- Kangxi radical #119, ⽶.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 906, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26832
- Dae Jaweon: page 1331, character 28
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3141, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7C73
Chinese
trad. | 米 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 米 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 米 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – rice kernels.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma-j ~ mej (“rice; paddy”). Cognate with Garo mi (“rice”), Atong (India) mai (“rice”), Jingpho ma (“rice; paddy”).
Pronunciation
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Definitions
- hulled or husked uncooked rice
- husked seed
- grain-like things
- (chiefly Cantonese) Short for 米粉 (mǐfěn, “rice vermicelli”).
- 星洲炒米 ― Xīngzhōu chǎomǐ ― Singapore-style noodles
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
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Etymology 2
Short for 米突 (mǐtū), from English metre.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): mǐ
- Eastern Min (BUC): mī
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mǐ
- Wade–Giles: mi3
- Yale: mǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mii
- Palladius: ми (mi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mai5 / mai5-1
- Yale: máih / māi
- Cantonese Pinyin: mai5 / mai5-1
- Guangdong Romanization: mei5 / mei5-1
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐi̯¹³/, /mɐi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: mai2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbai⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mí
- Hakka Romanization System: miˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: mi3
- Sinological IPA: /mi³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mī
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Definitions
Synonyms
Compounds
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See also
Further reading
- “Entry #2599”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
Kanji
- husked rice grains
- meter, metre (SI unit of length)
- Short for 亜米利加 (Amerika): America, American, Americas, Americo-
- Short for 亜米利加合衆国 (Amerika Gasshūkoku): the United States
- eighty-eight-year-old
Readings
- Go-on: まい (mai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: べい (bei, Jōyō)
- Kun: こめ (kome, 米, Jōyō); めめ (meme, 米); よね (yone, 米); メートル (mētoru, 米)
- Nanori: こん (kon); たから (takara); めい (mei)
Compounds
- 米原 (Maibara)
- 米塩 (beien)
- 米価 (beika)
- 米軍 (Beigun)
- 米国 (Beikoku, “the United States”)
- 米穀 (beikoku)
- 米作 (beisaku)
- 米寿 (beiju)
- 米粟 (beizoku)
- 米栂 (beitsuga)
- 米飯 (beihan)
- 米粉 (beifun)
- 赤米 (akamai)
- 入り米 (irimai)
- 欧米 (Ō-Bei)
- 外国米 (gaikokumai), 外米 (gaimai)
- 供米 (kyōmai)
- 供米 (kumai)
- 玄米 (genmai)
- 黒米 (kokumai)
- 五斗米 (gotobei)
- 散米 (sanmai)
- 産米 (sanmai)
- 舂米 (shōmai)
- 親米 (shin-Bei)
- 新米 (shinmai)
- 神米 (shinmai)
- 精白米 (seihakumai)
- 精米 (seimai)
- 洗米 (senmai)
- 饌米 (senmai)
- 大唐米 (daitōmai)
- 渡米 (to-Bei)
- 内地米 (naichimai)
- 南米 (Nanbei, “South America”)
- 日米 (Nichi-Bei)
- 白米 (hakumai)
- 平米 (heibei, “square meter, square metre”)
- 北米 (Hokubei, “North America”)
- 立米 (ryūbei, “cubic meter, cubic metre”)
- 禄米 (rokumai)
- 早稲米 (wasemai)
- 糈米 (kumashine)
- 米粉 (bīfun, “rice vermicelli”)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
米 |
こめ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
⟨ko2me2⟩ → */kəməj/ → /kome/
From Old Japanese.
Many theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:
- From 籠め (kome), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 籠める (komeru, “do with one's heart”), from the way rice is farmed.
- From Proto-Austronesian *Səmay (“cooked rice”).[1]
Pronunciation
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Noun
- rice (husked grains of the Asian rice plant, Oryza sativa), one of the five grains
- Hypernym: 五穀 (gokoku)
Derived terms
- 米揚げ (komeage)
- 米揚げ笊 (komeage zaru)
- 米油 (kome abura)
- 米市 (komeichi)
- 米占 (komeura)
- 米浙 (komekashi)
- 米浙桶 (komekashi oke)
- 米噛み
- 米茅 (komegaya)
- 米粉 (komeko)
- 米麹 (kome kōji)
- 米座 (komeza)
- 米刺し, 米差し (komesashi)
- 米将軍 (Kome Shōgun)
- 米酢 (kome-su), 米酢 (komezu)
- 米代 (komedai)
- 米俵, 米苞 (kome-dawara)
- 米栂 (kometsuga)
- 米搗き, 米舂き (kometsuki)
- 米粒 (kometsubu)
- 米糠 (komenuka)
- 米偏 (komehen)
- 米屋 (komeya)
- 赤米 (akagome)
- 煎り米, 炒り米 (irigome)
- 粳米 (urugome)
- 生米 (kigome)
- 黒米, 玄米 (kurogome)
- 小米, 粉米 (kogome)
- 白米 (shirogome)
- 大唐米 (daito-gome)
- 大唐米 (daitō-gome)
- 搗き米, 舂き米 (tsukigome)
- 生米 (namagome)
- 碾き米 (hikigome)
- 陳米 (hinegome)
- 蓑米 (minogome)
- 糯米, 餅米 (mochigome)
- 籾米 (momigome)
- 焼米, 焼き米, 糄 (yakigome)
- 闇米 (yamigome)
- 早稲米 (wasagome)
Proverbs
- 米の飯とお天道様はどこへ行っても付いて回る (kome no meshi to o-tentō-sama wa doko e itte mo tsuite mawaru)
- 乞食が米を零したよう (kojiki ga kome o koboshita yō)
- 糠を舐りて米に及ぶ (nuka o neburi te kome ni oyobu)
- 熊野松風は米の飯 (Yuya Matsukaze wa kome no meshi)
Coordinate terms
- 五穀 (gokoku, “five grains”): 米 (kome, “rice”), 麦 (mugi, “wheat”), 粟 (awa, “foxtail millet”), 黍 (kibi, “proso millet”), 豆 (mame, “soybeans”)
See also
Proper noun
米 or 米 • (kome or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|こめ]]
- a female given name
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Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
米 |
よね Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
⟨yo2nai⟩ → */jənai/ → */jəne/ → /jone/
First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).
Possibly from Proto-Japonic *jənaC- (Vovin, 1998)[2] and related to 稲 (ine, “rice plant”).
Unknown "-C-" consonantal segment, reconstructed by Vovin, seems unlikely considering [a ~ e] vowel alternation:
- Compare 藍 (awi → ai, “indigo”) from 青 (awo → ao, “blue”) + い (i, emphatic nominative particle)[3] against 白い /siroi/ from ⟨siro1ki1⟩.[4]
The colloquial sense is derived from the components of the 米 kanji: 八 (hachi, “eight”) + 十 (jū, “ten”) + 八 (hachi, “eight”).
Noun
- the Asian rice plant, Oryza sativa
- Synonym: 稲 (ine)
- rice (husked grains of the Asian rice plant, Oryza sativa)
- (colloquial) an eighty-eight-year-old
- Synonym: 米寿 (beiju)
Derived terms
- 米市 (Yoneichi)
- 米占 (yoneura)
- 米川 (Yonekawa)
- 米沢 (Yonezawa)
- 米代 (Yoneshiro)
- 米酢 (yonezu)
- 米の祝い (yone no iwai)
- 米の守り (yone no mamori)
- 米原 (Yonehara)
- 米饅頭 (yone manjū)
- 米山 (Yoneyama)
- 米琉 (Yone-Ryū)
- 洗い米 (arai yone)
- 売り米, 糶 (uriyone)
- 買い米, 糴 (kaiyone)
- 粿米, 淅米 (kashiyone)
- 精げ米 (shirage yone)
- 白米 (shirayone)
- 散らし米 (chirashi yone)
- 籾米 (momiyone)
Proper noun
米 or 米 • (yone or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|よね]]
- a female given name
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Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
米 |
めめ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
First attested around the Edo period.
Probably a shortened reduplication of kome (see above). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Noun
- (colloquial) rice (husked grains of the rice plant)
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
米 |
めーとる Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Borrowing from French mètre.[5]
The use of this kanji is attested in the Meiji period and is an example of ateji (当て字), shortened from Mandarin 米突 (mǐtū), see Chinese section above.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- Rare spelling of メートル (mētoru): meter, metre (SI unit of length)
- Rare spelling of メーター (mētā): a device or implement used for measurement
Derived terms
- 粍 (mirimētoru, “millimeter, millimetre”)
- 糎 (senchimētoru, “centimeter, centimetre”)
- 粉 (deshimētoru, “decimeter, decimetre”)
- 籵 (dekamētoru, “decameter, decametre”)
- 粨 (hekutomētoru, “hectometer, hectometre”)
- 粁 (kiromētoru, “kilometer, kilometre”)
Coordinate terms
See also
References
- ^ Sagart, Laurent (2011). "How many independent rice vocabularies in Asia?". In: Sanchez-Mazas, A.; Blench, R.; Ross, M. et al. (eds.), Rice and Language Across Asia: Crops, Movement, and Social Change. New York: Routledge, 1-32.
- ^ Whitman, John (2012). "Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan, Rice, Volume 4, Issue 3–4, pp 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12284-011-9080-0
- ^ Thomas Pellard (2013). Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
- ^ Hamano, S. "Voicing of Obstruents in Old Japanese: Evidence from the Sound-Symbolic Stratum." Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9. 3: 207-225. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
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Korean
Hanja
Vietnamese
Han character
米: Hán Việt readings: mễ (
米: Nôm readings: mễ[1][2][3][4], mè[1]
Compounds
References
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 米
- zh:Grains
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- Beginning Mandarin
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading まい
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading べい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading こめ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading めめ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading よね
- Japanese kanji with kun reading めーとる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading こん
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たから
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading めい
- Japanese terms spelled with 米 read as こめ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms borrowed from Proto-Austronesian
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Japanese lemmas
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- Japanese terms spelled with 米 read as よね
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese colloquialisms
- Japanese terms spelled with 米 read as めめ
- Japanese terms spelled with 米 read as めーとる
- Japanese terms borrowed from French
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- ja:Grains
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