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See also:
U+6975, 極
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6975

[U+6974]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6976]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 75, +8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木一水一 (DMEM) or 木弓水一 (DNEM), four-corner 41914, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 542, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15181
  • Dae Jaweon: page 929, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1240, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6975

Chinese

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trad.
simp. *

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Spring and Autumn
Bronze inscriptions

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡɯɡ) : semantic (tree, wood) + phonetic (OC *kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ) – originally meaning a crossbeam rafter.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kak (expensive; at its peak) (STEDT). Cognate with (OC *kɯɡ, “urgent”), (OC *kɯɡ, “to kill”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕi⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕji²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi²²/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /kʰit̚⁵/
Taoyuan /kʰit̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kek̚²/
Nanning /kek̚²²/
Hong Kong /kik̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ki²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kek̚³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (30)
Final () (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter gik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gik̚/
Li
Rong
/ɡiək̚/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gik6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ gik ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ](r)ək/
English extreme

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5738
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡɯɡ/

Definitions

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  1. ridgepole; ridgepiece
  2. highest position; top rank
  3. throne; seat of state
  4. highest point; top; peak
    登峰造登峰造  ―  dēngfēngzào  ―  to reach great heights
  5. extremity; limit; end; utmost point
  6. extreme; of the highest degree; utmost; furthest; final
      ―  pǐn  ―  item of the highest quality
      ―  xiàn  ―  limit, the utmost limits
  7. extremely; exceedingly; very
    痛苦痛苦  ―  tòngkǔ le  ―  extremely painful
    滿意满意  ―  bù mǎnyì  ―  extremely dissatisfied
    肥牛 [MSC, trad.]
    肥牛 [MSC, simp.]
    Féiniú qiē de báo. [Pinyin]
    The beef was sliced extremely thin.
  8. (Cantonese) at great length; exceedingly
    [Cantonese]  ―  gong2 gik6 dou1 m4 ming4 [Jyutping]  ―  not understand despite lengthy explanation
    [Cantonese, trad.]
    [Cantonese, simp.]
    wan2 gik6 dou1 wan2 m4 dou3 ge2? [Jyutping]
    Why do I still not find it
    [Cantonese]  ―  tai2 gik6 [Jyutping]  ―  to watch closely or in great amounts
  9. (Cantonese) at most
    廿 [Cantonese, trad.]
    廿 [Cantonese, simp.]
    gwai3 gik6 mai6 dou1 hai6 jaa6 man1 [Jyutping]
    Its price is at most $20.
  10. highest norm; highest standard
  11. (Wu) to be anxious; to worry; to disturb oneself
  12. (Wu) to fear
  13. (Wu) to deny a wrongdoing; to cheat
    [Shanghainese]  ―  6la-jiq-bi [Wugniu]  ―  cheater in games (who e.g. objects to losing, being thrown out of the game, or who denies having cheated)
  14. (geography, physics) pole
      ―  běi  ―  north pole
      ―  yīn  ―  negative pole, cathode
  15. (astronomy) Polaris
  16. quindecillion (1048)
  17. to reach (the limit or standard)
    必反必反  ―  bìfǎn  ―  a thing turns into its opposite if pushed too far
    人臣人臣  ―  wèirénchén  ―  to have reached the highest official positions
  18. to exhaust; to do one's utmost
  19. to study deeply; to examine deeply
  20. Alternative form of (, to punish)

Compounds

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See also

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Chinese numerals
104 108 1012 1016 1020 1024 1028 1032 1036 1040 1044 1048
(wàn) 亿 () (zhào) (Taiwan) (jīng) (Taiwan) (gāi) () (ráng) (gōu) (jiàn) (zhèng) (zài) ()
萬億万亿 (wànyì)
(Mainland China)
/亿亿
(Mainland China)

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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  1. Alternative form of (fast; speedy)
  2. Alternative form of (anxiously)

Pronunciation 3

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Definitions

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  1. Alternative form of (repeatedly)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. extreme
  2. pole (eg. North Pole); extremity, zenith
  3. quindecillion

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
ごく
Grade: 4
goon

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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(ごく) (goku

  1. very, extremely
    ごく(まれ)
    goku mare ni
    very rarely; seldom
    ごく普通(ふつう)
    goku futsū
    very ordinary
    ごく(かぎ)られた(ひと)
    goku kagirareta hito
    a very limited group of people
Usage notes
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This word is usually written in hiragana.

Number

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(ごく) (goku

  1. [from 1627] 1048, quindecillion

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
きょく
Grade: 4
kan'on

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(きょく) (kyoku

  1. extreme, extremity, height, zenith
    疲労困憊(ひろうこんぱい)(きょく)(たっ)する
    hirō konpai no kyoku ni tassuru
    to reach the highest level of fatigue; to become extremely exhausted
  2. (physics, astronomy, geometry) pole

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC gik). Recorded as Middle Korean (kuk) (Yale: kuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 다할 (dahal geuk))

  1. hanja form? of (pole; extremity)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: cực, cọc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.