秦

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See also: 奉, 奏, and 泰
秦 U+79E6, 秦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79E6
← 秥
[U+79E5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 秧 →
[U+79E7]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

秦 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手大竹木 (QKHD), four-corner 50904, composition ⿱𡗗禾)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 851, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24995
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1275, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2597, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+79E6

Chinese[edit]

trad. 秦
simp. # 秦
alternative forms 𥠼
𣜈
𥘿
𥢮
𥣠

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 秦
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (秦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
轃 *ʔsiːn, *ʔsrin
秦 *zin
螓 *zin
臻 *ʔsrin
蓁 *ʔsrin
搸 *ʔsrin
溱 *ʔsrin
榛 *ʔsrin

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen. The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form. Old Chinese *dzin may derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), also recorded as *dzaʔ (Schuessler, 2007).

According to Shuowen Jiezi, the glyph is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 舂 (“to pound grain”) + 禾 (“grain”) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 秦
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰiẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡sʰiə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰin⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiẽ²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰiə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰĩn⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰin²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰin³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰĩ²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ʑiŋ²³/
Suzhou /zin¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑin²¹³/
Wenzhou /zaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sin¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰin¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰøn²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰøn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sin³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡siŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡seiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sun³¹/
Rime
Character 秦
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 匠鄰切
Baxter dzin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ziɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zin/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ziĕn/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		can4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 秦
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[dz]i[n]/
English Qín (place name)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 秦
Reading # 1/1
No. 10497
Phonetic
component 		秦
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		秦
Old
Chinese 		/*zin/

Definitions[edit]

秦

  1. (～國) State of Qin (in ancient China)
  2. (～朝) Qin dynasty, first imperial dynasty of China
  3. Qin, a general area of central-west China in modern-day Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces
  4. a surname
    秦良玉  ―  Qín Liángyù  ―  Qin Liangyu (Ming dynasty female general)

See also[edit]

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代) 		2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代) 		1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代) 		1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周／东周		 Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國／战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代) 		221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢／汉 (～朝, ～代) 		206 BCE – 220 C.E. Western Han
西漢／西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國／三国 		220 – 280 C.E. Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢／蜀汉
Wu
吳／吴
Jin
晉／晋 (～朝, ～代) 		265 – 420 C.E. Western Jin
西晉／西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝 		420 – 589 C.E. Northern dynasties
北朝		 Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏／东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊／北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		 Liu Song
劉宋／刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊／南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代) 		581 – 618 C.E.
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代) 		618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國／五代十国 		907 – 960 C.E.
Liao
遼／辽 (～朝, ～代) 		907 – 1125 C.E.
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代) 		960 – 1279 C.E. Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏 		1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代) 		1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao
西遼／西辽 		1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代) 		1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代) 		1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代) 		1636 – 1912 C.E.

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ “秦, Qin”, in zdic.net‎[1], (Can we date this quote?)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

秦

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. Qin dynasty

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
秦
しん
Jinmeiyō
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 秦 (MC dzin).

Proper noun[edit]

秦(しん) • (Shin) 

  1. (historical) the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE), first dynasty of China
  2. (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period:
    1. 前秦 (Zenshin, “Former Qin”, 351-394 CE)
    2. 後秦 (Kōshin, “Later Qin”, 384-417 CE)
    3. 西秦 (Seishin, “Western Qin”, 385-431 CE)
  3. a surname

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
秦
はた
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proper noun[edit]

秦(はた) • (Hata) 

  1. a place name
  2. a surname
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
秦
はたしん
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Compound of 秦 (Hata, see above) +‎ 秦 (Shin, “Qin (dynasty)”, see above).

The 秦 kanji itself has a kun-reading of はた (hata).

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

秦(はたしん) • (Hatashin) 

  1. Synonym of 秦 (Shin, see above)
Usage notes[edit]

This reading is used to distinguish from the 漢音 (kan'on) reading of 晋 (Shin, “Jin dynasty”), itself called 晋 (Susumu-shin). The senses are the same for Etymology 1 above.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

秦 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)

  1. Qin

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

秦: Hán Nôm readings: tần, thái

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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