車

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See also: 车, 倝, and 重

Template:character info/new Template:character info/new

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

See images of
Radical 159 車

車 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十田十 (JWJ), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻亘丨 or ⿻二申)

  1. Kangxi radical #159, ⾞.

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1239, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38172
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1712, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3511, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8ECA

Chinese

trad. 車
simp. 车*
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 車
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (車) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
車 *kʰlja, *kla
硨 *kʰlja
厙 *qʰljaːs
庫 *kʰaːs

Ideogram (指事) : It is derived from a pictogram of a carriage seen from above. In the oracle bone script, there were large wheels on both sides and a sun shade on the top. Later, when Chinese characters were written vertically, the wheels on both sides were simply drawn in strokes and the loading area was marked with a 田. Therefore, it is important to understand that the current character, 車 is a vertical depiction of a carriage.

Note that 倝 (OC *kaːns) (as in left part of 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew)) is not derived from 車.

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • ce1 - colloquial;
  • geoi1 - literary.
Rime
Character 車
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 昌 (24)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 尺遮切
Baxter tsyhae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕʰia/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕʰia/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕʰia/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cʰia/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕʰia/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕʰĭa/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕʰi̯a/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chē
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ce1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 車
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chē
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyhæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[t.qʰ](r)A/
English chariot

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 車
Reading # 1/2
No. 1311
Phonetic
component 		車
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		車
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰlja/

Definitions

人力三輪車

(deprecated template usage) 車

  1. † chariot; cart
  2. land wheeled vehicle; (specifically) car (Classifier: 輛／辆; 部; 臺／台; 架 c; 頂／顶 mn)
    汽車／汽车  ―  qìchē  ―  car
    火車／火车  ―  huǒchē  ―  train
  3. machine; instrument (Classifier: 部)
  4. † carry in cart
  5. † to machine, to shape with a lathe
  6. to tailor or sew using a sewing machine
    車衫／车衫 [Cantonese]  ―  ce1 saam1 [Jyutping]  ―  to sew clothes with a sewing machine
  7. (Cantonese) to drive somebody; to give somebody a ride
    你可唔可以車我去地鐵站呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    你可唔可以车我去地铁站呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 ho2 m4 ho2 ji5 ce1 ngo5 heoi3 dei6 tit3 zaam6 aa3? [Jyutping]
    Can you drive me to the MTR station?
  8. (Sichuanese) to rotate
  9. (Internet slang) pornography
  10. a surname

Usage notes

  • 車／车 (chē) is a collective term for all types of vehicles with wheel(s). Additional morphemes are added in front to specify the type of the vehicle. For example:
    汽車／汽车  ―  qìchē  ―  car
    火車／火车  ―  huǒchē  ―  train
    自行車／自行车  ―  zìxíngchē  ―  bicycle
    嬰兒車／婴儿车  ―  yīng'érchē  ―  pram

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

Note: gu1 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
Rime
Character 車
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 九魚切
Baxter kjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/kiɔ/
Wang
Li 		/kĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		geoi1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 車
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.q(r)a/
English chariot

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 車
Reading # 2/2
No. 1315
Phonetic
component 		車
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		居
Old
Chinese 		/*kla/

Definitions

車

(deprecated template usage) 車

  1. (xiangqi) chariot; rook
  2. (chess) rook
Coordinate terms

Compounds

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Further reading

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (車):
  • → Japanese: 車(しゃ) (sha)
  • → Korean: 차(車) (cha), 거(車) (geo)

Others:

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

車

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. vehicle

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
車
しゃ
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 車 (MC tsyhae).

Pronunciation

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Counter

車(しゃ) • (-sha) 

  1. used to count vehicles

Affix

車(しゃ) • (sha) 

  1. vehicle
    韓(かん)国(こく)車(しゃ)
    Kankoku-sha
    South Korean vehicle
  2. train car
    Synonym: 車両
    女(じょ)性(せい)専(せん)用(よう)車(しゃ)
    josei-sen'yō-sha
    car for women only

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
車
くるま
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE, with the ideographic spelling 車.[1]

Assuming an initial meaning of wheel, may be a compound of くる (kuru, related to spinning or rotating, as in 繰る (kuru, “to spin (as in thread)”), 枢 (kuru, “hinge”), くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly, round and round”), 転めく (kurumeku, “to spin round and round, to rotate; to be dizzy”)) +‎ ま (ma, a suffix added to various parts of speech to form an indeclinable word indicating state).

Pronunciation

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Noun

車(くるま) • (kuruma)  (counter 台)

  1. a car, an automobile, a carriage, a cart
  2. a wheel, a caster
  3. something wheel-shaped
  4. a style of 紋 (mon, “family crest”)
  5. short for various terms:
    1. short for 車海老 (kuruma ebi): a prawn
    2. short for 車懸 (kuruma-gakari): “wheel formation”, a battle tactic where units attack in staged waves in order to prevent the opponent from resting
    3. short for 肩車 (kata-guruma): riding on one's shoulders, piggyback
    4. short for 手車 (te-guruma): a handcart, a wheelbarrow
    5. short for 車座 (kuruma za): sitting in a circle
  6. (obsolete) during the Edo period, in the red-light district in Ōsaka, a prostitute whose services cost four 匁 (monme) and three 分 (bun) (possibly in reference to the cost of a carriage ride)
Derived terms

References

  1. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 4, poem 694:
    , text here
  • Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

車 (eumhun 수레 차 (sure cha))

  1. cart; wheeled machinery

Compounds

Etymology 2

Hanja

車 (eumhun 수레 거 (sure geo))

  1. cart; wheeled machinery

Compounds

Kunigami

Kanji

車

Pronunciation

Noun

車 (hiragana く゚るまー, romaji kurumā)

  1. car
  2. wheel

Miyako

Kanji

車

Pronunciation

Noun

車 (hiragana くるま, romaji kuruma)

  1. car
  2. wheel

Okinawan

Kanji

車

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Pronunciation

Noun

車 (hiragana くるま, romaji kuruma)

  1. car
  2. wheel

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 車 (xa, xe, xế)

  • a car
  • (xiangqi) any piece labeled with 車; the chariot/rook.

Compounds

Yaeyama

Kanji

車

Pronunciation

Noun

車 (hiragana くるま, romaji kuruma)

  1. car
  2. wheel

Yonaguni

Kanji

車

Pronunciation

Noun

車 (hiragana くるま, romaji kuruma)

  1. car
  2. wheel
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