兜
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]兜 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹女竹山 (HVHU), four-corner 77217).
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 125, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1386
- Dae Jaweon: page 265, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 273, character 16
- Unihan data for U+515C
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
兜 | |
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alternative forms | 兠/兜 ancient |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 兜 |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 𠑹 (“cover”) + 皃 (“head”): a helmet.
Etymology 1
[edit]Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggests a connection to 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”). See there for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dau1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): dău
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dou
- Wade–Giles: tou1
- Yale: dōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dou
- Palladius: доу (dou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /toʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (兜兒/兜儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄡㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dour
- Wade–Giles: tou1-ʼrh
- Yale: dōur
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: doul
- Palladius: доур (dour)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dau1
- Yale: dāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dau1
- Guangdong Romanization: deo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: têu
- Hakka Romanization System: deuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: deu1
- Sinological IPA: /teu̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dău
- Sinological IPA (key): /tau⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- tau - vernacular;
- to͘ - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dao1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tau
- Sinological IPA (key): /tau³³/
- Middle Chinese: tuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤo/
- (Zhengzhang): /*toː/
Definitions
[edit]兜
- helmet; hood
- helmet-shaped
- armor
- to wrap in a bag; to encase; to carry in a wrap
- bag; pouch; plastic bag
- to pocket; to keep; to retain; to acquire dishonestly
- to reach
- to move around; to move in a circle
- to canvass; to solicit
- 兜生意 ― dōu shēngyi ― to solicit business
- to take responsibility for
- to relate in detail
- to peddle; to hawk
- (Hokkien) home
- (Hokkien) nearby
- (Singapore Hokkien) place; side; location
- 這兜/这兜 [Hokkien] ― chit-tau [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― this place; this side; this location
- (Cantonese) flat or shallow container; flat or shallow bowl
- (Cantonese) to contain; to hold in a container; to hold with one's hand(s) in a horizontal positional
- (Cantonese) to make a detour; to bypass; to deviate
- (Cantonese, of routes or journeys) indirect; lengthy; with detours or deviations
- (Cantonese) to explain one's way out of a bad situation
- (Cantonese) Classifier for things put in a flat or shallow container.
- (Cantonese) to scoop with a flat or shallow container
- (Cantonese) to hit with one's limbs, in a curved trajectory; to slap (someone); to kick
Synonyms
[edit]- (pocket): 口袋 (kǒudai), 衣袋 (yīdài), 衣兜 (yīdōu)
- (bag): (Hokkien) 袋仔 (tē-á)
- (to move in a circle): 繞/绕 (rào)
Compounds
[edit]- 傴兜/伛兜
- 兜來兜去/兜来兜去
- 兜兒/兜儿 (dōur)
- 兜兜
- 兜兜嘴兒/兜兜嘴儿
- 兜兜答答
- 兜兜褲兒/兜兜裤儿
- 兜剿
- 兜口兜面
- 兜售 (dōushòu)
- 兜喜神方
- 兜嘴
- 兜圈子 (dōu quānzi)
- 兜子 (dōuzi)
- 兜巴星
- 兜底 (dōudǐ)
- 兜底兒/兜底儿
- 兜得轉/兜得转
- 兜抄
- 兜拖
- 兜捕
- 兜搭
- 兜攬/兜揽 (dōulǎn)
- 兜攬生意/兜揽生意
- 兜率天 (Dōushuàitiān)
- 兜率天宮/兜率天宫
- 兜率宮/兜率宫
- 兜的
- 兜答
- 兜籠/兜笼
- 兜紗/兜纱
- 兜羅/兜罗 (dōuluó)
- 兜翻
- 兜老底
- 兜肚 (dōudù)
- 兜肚兒/兜肚儿
- 兜胸
- 兜膝
- 兜臉/兜脸
- 兜襠/兜裆
- 兜路
- 兜轎/兜轿
- 兜銷/兜销
- 兜鍪 (dōumóu)
- 兜頭/兜头
- 兜頭蓋臉/兜头盖脸 (dōutóugàiliǎn)
- 兜風/兜风 (dōufēng)
- 冤兜
- 圍兜/围兜 (wéidōu)
- 帽兜子
- 慲兜/𰒆兜
- 揸兜
- 暖雲兜/暖云兜
- 橋兜/桥兜 (Qiáodōu)
- 漏兜
- 肚兜 (dùdōu)
- 觀音兜/观音兜
- 阿兜眼
- 露兜樹/露兜树
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]兜
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 些 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 些 |
Singapore | 些 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 啲 |
Hong Kong | 啲 | |
Taishan | 尼 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 啲 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 兜 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 兜 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 兜 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 兜 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 兜 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 兜 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 兜 | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 寡 |
Zhangzhou | 寡 | |
Tainan | 寡 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 寡 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 寡 | |
Shantou | 撮 | |
Jieyang | 撮 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 撮 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 眼, 點, 些 formal or Mandarin-influenced |
Wenzhou | 厘兒 |
Compounds
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- (Min Nan pronunciation audio) “Entry #6941”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]兜
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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兜 |
かぶと Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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冑 甲 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Antique_Japanese_%28samurai%29_hari_bachi_kabuto.jpg/250px-Antique_Japanese_%28samurai%29_hari_bachi_kabuto.jpg)
From Old Japanese. Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the reading kaputo.[1]
Derivation currently unknown.
- A surface analysis might suggest a derivation from 被る (kaburu, “to wear something on the head”). However, that reading derives from older form kagafuru and does not appear until 850,[1] some time after the first appearance of kabuto.
- An alternative analysis might suggest a compound of 頭 (kabu, “head”, kun'yomi and native Japanese term) + 兜 (to, “helmet”, on'yomi and borrowing from Chinese). However, the “head” sense with the kabu reading does not appear until near the end of the Muromachi period.[1]
- Word-medial bilabial plosives usually underwent lenition, shifting along the lines of /p/ → /f/ → /w/, then vanishing altogether except where the following vowel was /a/. This lenition often did not happen at morpheme boundaries in compound words. The persistence of the /b/ in kabuto might thus suggest that this term was originally a compound of ka + puto. The ka element is uncertain, possibly the か (ka-) intensifying prefix added to adjectives; Old Japanese puto would be the stem and root of modern 太い (futoi, “thick; fat; stout”), possibly in reference to the protective strength provided by a helmet. This puto would then have undergone rendaku (連濁) to become buto.
- Compare the phonology of adjective か細い (kabosoi, “very slender”), composed of this ka- prefix and adjective 細い (hosoi, ancient pososi) and demonstrating a similar retention of the bilabial plosive and rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]兜 (eum 두 (du))
Synonyms
[edit]See also
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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