溝
|
Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]溝 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水廿廿月 (ETTB), four-corner 35147, composition ⿰氵冓)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 639, character 34
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17944
- Dae Jaweon: page 1046, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1692, character 6
- Unihan data for U+6E9D
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *koː) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 溝 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 沟* | |
alternative forms | 𫤬 |
Possibly the k-prefix noun of 漏 (OC *roːs, “to leak”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): gău / gĕu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1keu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gou
- Wade–Giles: kou1
- Yale: gōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gou
- Palladius: гоу (gou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /koʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kau1 / gau1
- Yale: kāu / gāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: kau1 / gau1
- Guangdong Romanization: keo1 / geo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: keu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰeu³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiêu
- Hakka Romanization System: gieuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gieu1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gău / gĕu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kau⁵⁵/, /kɛu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- gău - vernacular;
- gĕu - literary.
- Southern Min
- kau - vernacular;
- ko͘/kio - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 溝 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kou⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /kou⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /kou²¹/ | |
Jinan | /kou²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /kou²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kou²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /kou²¹/ | |
Xining | /kɯ⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /kəu⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /kou³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /kɤu⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /kəu⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /kəu⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /kəu⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /kəu⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /kəɯ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /kɯ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kəu¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /kəu¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /kəu³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /kɤ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /kɤ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /kø³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /kau³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kiu³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕiu¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /kəu³³/ |
Xiangtan | /kəɯ³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kiɛu⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /keu⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /keu²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰɐu⁵³/ |
Nanning | /kɐu⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /kɐu⁵⁵/ /kʰɐu⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kɔ⁵⁵/ /kau⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kau⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ke⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kau³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /kɔu²³/ /kau²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: kuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ(r)o/
- (Zhengzhang): /*koː/
Definitions
[edit]溝
- ditch; trench; channel (artificial or natural) (Classifier: 條/条 m; 道 m)
- 到夏天,大雨之後,你便能聽到許多蝦蟆叫,那是都在溝裡面的,因為北京到處都有溝。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1922, Lu Xun, 鴨的喜劇
- Dào xiàtiān, dàyǔ zhīhòu, nǐ biàn néng tīng dào xǔduō háma jiào, nà shì dōu zài gōu lǐmiàn de, yīnwèi Běijīng dàochù dōu yǒu gōu. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
到夏天,大雨之后,你便能听到许多虾蟆叫,那是都在沟里面的,因为北京到处都有沟。 [MSC, simp.]
- trench (military)
- gully; valley
- groove; rut; furrow (Classifier: 道 m)
- a numeral that refers to 1032 or others
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 三溝/三沟 (Sāngōu)
- 不忘溝壑/不忘沟壑
- 中央溝/中央沟 (zhōngyānggōu)
- 九寨溝/九寨沟 (Jiǔzhàigōu)
- 乳溝/乳沟 (rǔgōu)
- 代溝/代沟 (dàigōu)
- 八溝/八沟 (Bāgōu)
- 冰溝/冰沟
- 判若鴻溝/判若鸿沟
- 十字溝/十字沟 (Shízìgōu)
- 古橋溝/古桥沟 (Gǔqiáogōu)
- 吐峪溝/吐峪沟 (Tùyùgōu)
- 土橋溝/土桥沟 (Tǔqiáogōu)
- 地溝/地沟 (dìgōu)
- 圳溝/圳沟 (zhèngōu)
- 填溝壑/填沟壑
- 壕溝/壕沟 (háogōu)
- 壟溝/垄沟 (lǒnggōu)
- 外側溝/外侧沟 (wàicègōu)
- 天溝/天沟
- 季陵溝/季陵沟 (Jìlínggōu)
- 山溝/山沟 (shāngōu)
- 岱王溝/岱王沟 (Dàiwánggōu)
- 張溝/张沟 (Zhānggōu)
- 御溝/御沟
- 御溝流葉/御沟流叶
- 御溝題葉/御沟题叶
- 意見溝通/意见沟通
- 排水溝/排水沟 (páishuǐgōu)
- 摟溝子/搂沟子
- 新溝/新沟 (Xīngōu)
- 明溝/明沟
- 暗溝/暗沟 (àngōu)
- 東溝/东沟 (Dōnggōu)
- 柳溝/柳沟 (Liǔgōu)
- 柴溝堡/柴沟堡 (Cháigōubǔ)
- 梅子溝/梅子沟 (Méizigōu)
- 楊林溝/杨林沟 (Yánglíngōu)
- 楊樹溝/杨树沟 (Yángshùgōu)
- 橫溝市/横沟市 (Hénggōushì)
- 水溝/水沟 (shuǐgōu)
- 沙道溝/沙道沟 (Shādàogōu)
- 泉溝/泉沟 (Quángōu)
- 河溝/河沟 (hégōu)
- 泗澗溝/泗涧沟 (Sìjiàngōu, “Sijiangou”)
- 洋溝/洋沟
- 洗溝/洗沟 (xǐgōu)
- 洗溝球/洗沟球
- 海溝/海沟 (hǎigōu)
- 深溝堅壁/深沟坚壁
- 深溝堅壘/深沟坚垒
- 深溝高壘/深沟高垒 (shēngōugāolěi)
- 渠溝/渠沟
- 湯溝/汤沟 (Tānggōu)
- 溝中斷/沟中断
- 溝中瘠/沟中瘠
- 溝塹/沟堑
- 溝壑/沟壑 (gōuhè)
- 溝壘/沟垒
- 溝底/沟底
- 溝槽/沟槽
- 溝沿/沟沿 (gōuyán)
- 溝洫/沟洫
- 溝渠/沟渠 (gōuqú)
- 溜溝子/溜沟子 (liū gōuzi)
- 溝澗/沟涧
- 溝瀆/沟渎
- 溝灌/沟灌 (gōuguàn)
- 溝眼/沟眼 (gōuyǎn)
- 溝谷/沟谷
- 溝通/沟通 (gōutōng)
- 溝通管道/沟通管道
- 溝道/沟道
- 滲溝/渗沟
- 澗溝/涧沟
- 濠溝/濠沟 (háogōu)
- 犁溝/犁沟
- 瓦溝/瓦沟
- 甲溝/甲沟
- 畦溝灌溉/畦沟灌溉
- 盧溝曉月/卢沟晓月
- 盧溝橋/卢沟桥 (Lúgōu Qiáo)
- 盧溝橋事變/卢沟桥事变 (Lúgōu Qiáo shìbiàn)
- 盲溝/盲沟
- 祁家溝/祁家沟 (Qíjiāgōu)
- 簷溝/檐沟
- 羊溝/羊沟
- 老死溝壑/老死沟壑
- 老溝/老沟 (Lǎogōu)
- 股溝/股沟 (gǔgōu)
- 腦溝/脑沟 (nǎogōu)
- 腹股溝/腹股沟 (fùgǔgōu)
- 臀溝/臀沟 (túngōu)
- 西溝/西沟 (Xīgōu)
- 趙溝/赵沟 (Zhàogōu)
- 轉死溝壑/转死沟壑
- 轉死溝渠/转死沟渠
- 達瑪溝/达玛沟 (Dámǎgōu)
- 邊溝/边沟
- 邗溝/邗沟 (Hángōu)
- 鐵廟溝/铁庙沟 (Tiěmiàogōu)
- 門頭溝/门头沟 (Méntóugōu)
- 陰溝/阴沟 (yīngōu)
- 陽溝/阳沟 (yánggōu)
- 雙向溝通/双向沟通
- 雙溝/双沟 (Shuānggōu)
- 馬沙溝/马沙沟
- 馬里亞納海溝/马里亚纳海沟 (Mǎlǐyànà Hǎigōu)
- 高城深溝/高城深沟
- 高壘深溝/高垒深沟 (gāolěishēngōu)
- 鴻溝/鸿沟 (hónggōu)
- 黑樟溝/黑樟沟 (Hēizhānggōu)
- 齦溝/龈沟
- 龍家溝/龙家沟 (Lóngjiāgōu)
See also
[edit]Chinese numerals | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
104 | 108 | 1012 | 1016 | 1020 | 1024 | 1028 | 1032 | 1036 | 1040 | 1044 | 1048 | |
萬/万 (wàn) | 億/亿 (yì) | 兆 (zhào) (Taiwan) | 京 (jīng) (Taiwan) | 垓 (gāi) | 秭 (zǐ) | 穰 (ráng) | 溝/沟 (gōu) | 澗/涧 (jiàn) | 正 (zhèng) | 載/载 (zài) | 極/极 (jí) | |
萬億/万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China) |
億億/亿亿 (Mainland China) |
Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 溝 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 沟* |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kòu
- Wade–Giles: kʻou4
- Yale: kòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kow
- Palladius: коу (kou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]溝
Etymology 3
[edit]trad. | 溝 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 沟* |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kau1
- Yale: kāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: kau1
- Guangdong Romanization: keo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: keu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰeu³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]溝
Etymology 4
[edit]trad. | 溝 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 沟* | |
alternative forms | 媾 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kau1
- Yale: kāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: kau1
- Guangdong Romanization: keo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]溝
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 5
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 溝 – see 港 (“tributary of a larger river or lake; river; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 港). |
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 溝 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
溝󠄁 溝+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
![]() |
溝󠄃 溝+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: く (ku, 溝)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, 溝)
- Kun: うなて (unate, 溝); せせなぎ (sesenagi, 溝); せせなげ (sesenage, 溝); どぶ (dobu, 溝); みぞ (mizo, 溝, Jōyō)
- Nanori: みぞさき (mizosaki, 溝)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
溝 |
こう Grade: S |
kan'on |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Number
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
溝 |
うなて Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
池溝 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]- This term is usually written in kanji in formal or technical contexts (e.g., in a newspaper or in official documentation). In informal contexts, however, it is generally written in hiragana.
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
溝 |
せせなぎ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]溝 • (sesenagi) ←せせなき (sesenaki)?
Usage notes
[edit]- This term is usually written in kanji in formal or technical contexts (e.g., in a newspaper or in official documentation). In informal contexts, however, it is generally written in hiragana.
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
溝 |
せせなげ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- Synonym of 溝 (sesenagi)
Usage notes
[edit]- This term is usually written in kanji in formal or technical contexts (e.g., in a newspaper or in official documentation). In informal contexts, however, it is generally written in hiragana.
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
溝 |
どぶ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 溝 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 溝, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.) |
Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
溝 |
みぞ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *minsə.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- ditch
- 溝にはまる
- mizo ni hamaru
- get stuck in a ditch
- 溝にはまる
- groove, furrow
- レコードの溝 ― rekōdo no mizo ― record grooves
- gap between different opinions or emotions; disagreement
- 大きな溝がある。
- Ōki na mizo ga aru.
- There is tremendous disagreement.
- 夫婦間の溝が深まる。
- Fūfukan no mizo ga fukamaru.
- The gap between the husband and the wife widens [deepens].
- 大きな溝がある。
Derived terms
[edit]- 溝隠 (mizo kakushi, “Lobelia chinensis”)
- 溝香薷 (mizo kōju)
- 溝蕎麦 (mizo soba)
Proper noun
[edit]- a surname
Etymology 7
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
溝 |
みぞさき Grade: S |
nanori |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a surname
References
[edit]- ^ “溝”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]溝 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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- ja:Agriculture
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