覆

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 复 and 復
覆 U+8986, 覆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8986
← 覅
[U+8985] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 覇 →
[U+8987]

覆 U+FAB7, 覆
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB7
← 襁
[U+FAB6] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 視 →
[U+FAB8]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

覆 (Kangxi radical 146, 襾+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 一田竹人水 (MWHOE), four-corner 10247, composition ⿱覀復)

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1129, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34789
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1598, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2808, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8986

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 覆
simp. 覆/复*
2nd round simp. 覄
alternative forms 覄
覆 is simplified to 复 only in meanings of "to return/reply". In other meanings, 覆 keeps the same form.

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 覆
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愎 *brɯɡ
鍑 *puɡs, *puɡ
覆 *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復 *buɡs, *buɡ
椱 *buɡs, *buɡ
複 *buɡs, *puɡ
馥 *brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹 *puɡ
輹 *puɡ, *buɡ
蝮 *pʰuɡ
蕧 *pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复 *buɡ
鰒 *buɡ
澓 *buɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ) : semantic 襾 + phonetic 復 (OC *buɡs, *buɡ).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: fau6 - variant in 覆蓋／覆盖.
Note:
  • phak - vernacular (“to flip; to lie on one's stomach; to press close to”);
  • hok - literary.
Note:
  • fu6 - literary;
  • pu6 - vernacular.
    Rime
    Character 覆 覆 覆 覆
    Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
    Initial (聲) 滂 (2) 並 (3) 滂 (2) 滂 (2)
    Final (韻) 尤 (136) 尤 (136) 屋 (4) 德 (131)
    Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
    Division (等) III III III I
    Fanqie 敷救切 扶富切 芳福切 匹北切
    Baxter phjuwH bjuwH phjuwk phok
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pʰɨuH/ /bɨuH/ /pʰɨuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pʰiuH/ /biuH/ /pʰiuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pʰiəuH/ /biəuH/ /pʰiuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pʰuwH/ /buwH/ /pʰuwk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/pʰiuH/ /biuH/ /pʰiuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pʰĭəuH/ /bĭəuH/ /pʰĭuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pʰi̯ə̯uH/ /bʱi̯ə̯uH/ /pʰi̯uk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fòu fòu fu po
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fau3 fau6 fuk1 pak1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 覆 覆
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fù fù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ phjuwH › ‹ phjuwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pʰ(r)uk-s/ /*pʰ(r)uk/
    English cover turn over

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 覆 覆 覆 覆
    Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
    No. 3536 3540 3541 3548
    Phonetic
    component         		复 复 复 复
    Rime
    group         		奧 奧 職 覺
    Rime
    subdivision         		1 1 0 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		副 復 覆 蝮
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pʰuɡs/ /*buɡs/ /*pʰɯːɡ/ /*pʰuɡ/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    覆

    1. to cover
    2. to tip over; to overturn; to flip over
      鼎覆過來。 [Hokkien, trad.]
      鼎覆过来。 [Hokkien, simp.]
      Tiáⁿ phak kè-lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      The wok flipped over.
    3. (obsolete) to pour out
    4. to return (simplifies to 复)
    5. to reply (simplifies to 复)
      你覆咗佢封email未？ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      nei5 fuk1 zo2 keoi5 fung1 email mei6? [Jyutping]
      Have you replied to his email yet?
    6. to destroy; to overturn; to perish
      覆滅／覆灭  ―  fùmiè  ―  to perish
    7. again
      alt. forms: 複／复 (fù)
    8. (Hokkien) to lie on one's stomach; to rest one's body on a surface
    9. (Mainland China Hokkien) to press close to; to nestle up against

    Usage notes

    [edit]

    覆 was always simplified to 复 in 1964-1986, but now it still simplifies to 复 only in the meaning of "to return/reply". So words like 答覆, 反覆 and 回覆 still simplify to 答复, 反复 and 回复 in Simplified Chinese respectively. But in other meanings, 覆 no longer simplifies to 复, e.g. 翻覆, 覆蓋, 顛覆, 傾覆, 覆轍.

    Synonyms

    [edit]
    • (to lie on one's stomach): 趴 (pā)
    • (to press close to):
    edit

    Compounds

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]

    Japanese

    [edit]
    Shinjitai 覆
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    覆󠄁
    覆+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    覆󠄄
    覆+&#xE0104;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji

    [edit]
    覆

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. capsize, cover, shade, mantle, be ruined

    Readings

    [edit]

    From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC phjuwk); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):

    From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC phjuwH); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):

    From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC bjuwH); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):

    From native Japanese roots:

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1939 (paper), page 1021 (digital)

    Korean

    [edit]

    Hanja

    [edit]

    覆 (eumhun 다시 복 (dasi bok))

    1. hanja form? of 복 (“again”)

    覆 (eumhun 덮을 부 (deopeul bu))

    1. hanja form? of 부 (“cover”)
    2. hanja form? of 부 (“tip over”)
    3. hanja form? of 부 (“return”)
    4. hanja form? of 부 (“reply”)

    Vietnamese

    [edit]

    Han character

    [edit]

    覆: Hán Nôm readings: phú, phủ, phúc

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=覆&oldid=81332400"