余
Translingual
Japanese | 余 余 余 |
---|---|
Simplified | 余 余 馀 |
Traditional | 余 餘 餘 |
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
余 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一木 (OMD), four-corner 80904, composition ⿱亼朩)
Derived characters
- 俆, 凃, 唋, 𡝐, 徐, 悇, 捈, 涂, 途, 除, 梌, 狳, 㻌, 畭, 硢, 稌, 䋡, 䍱, 艅, 蜍, 賖(赊), 䞮, 䟻, 酴, 𫒟, 䩣, 餘(馀), 駼(𬳿), 鮽, 鵌
- 𫶨, 䣄, 敘/敍/叙, 斜, 雓, 䳜(𫛬), 庩, 荼, 筡, 𠎳, 𡌆, 峹, 悆, 𭴯, 𣥳, 畬, 𦛝, 𬡛, 嵞, 𬹡
Related characters
- 餘 (Traditional form of 余)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 99, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 515
- Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 128, character 4
- Unihan data for U+4F59
Usage notes
- This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 佘.
- Note that 余 is also the simplified form of 餘 in mainland China and Japan. However, in traditional Chinese, 余 and 餘 are two unrelated characters.
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 余 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
斜 | *lja, *laː |
茶 | *rlaː |
荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
搽 | *rlaː |
塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
佘 | *ɦlja |
賒 | *hljaː |
畬 | *hljaː, *la |
舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
捨 | *hljaːʔ |
騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
涻 | *hljaːs |
稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
途 | *l'aː |
酴 | *l'aː |
駼 | *l'aː |
鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
嵞 | *l'aː |
峹 | *l'aː |
筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
蒤 | *l'aː |
徐 | *lja |
俆 | *lja |
敘 | *ljaʔ |
漵 | *ljaʔ |
除 | *l'a, *l'as |
篨 | *rla |
滁 | *rla |
蒢 | *rla |
蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
鵨 | *hljaː |
瑹 | *hlja |
余 | *la |
餘 | *la |
艅 | *la |
狳 | *la |
雓 | *la |
悆 | *las |
Pictogram (象形) – thatched cottage; house. Original form of 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs, “house”).
Etymology 1
For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 餘 (“to remain; to have left; time after an event; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 餘). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 2
simp. and trad. |
余 |
---|
- “I; me”
- Related to 予 (OC *la, “I”), 台 (OC *lɯ, “I”) and 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ, “my; I”), forming the *l- series of first-person Old Chinese personal pronouns. This series is commonly used by Shang Dynasty kings to refer to themselves.
- In contrast, Old Chinese also had the *ŋ- series of first-person pronouns, represented by 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”) and 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː, “I”), which became more widely used over time.
- Further etymology is obscure (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì
- Jin (Wiktionary): y1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6yu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yú
- Wade–Giles: yü2
- Yale: yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jyu4
- Yale: yùh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jy4
- Guangdong Romanization: yu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ji²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: y1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /y¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: û
- Tâi-lô: û
- Phofsit Daibuun: uu
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /u²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /u²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: îr
- Tâi-lô: îr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
- Tâi-lô: î
- Phofsit Daibuun: ii
- IPA (Taipei): /i²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: e5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ṳ̂
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɯ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: yo
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*la/
- (Zhengzhang): /*la/
Definitions
- † I; me
- † the fourth month of the Chinese calendar
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
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Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 佘. (This character is a variant form of 佘). |
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tú
- Wade–Giles: tʻu2
- Yale: tú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
- Palladius: ту (tu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syú
- Wade–Giles: hsü2
- Yale: syú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyu
- Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
- Only used in 余吾.
Etymology 6
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sié
- Wade–Giles: hsieh2
- Yale: syé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
- Palladius: се (se)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
- Only used in 褒余.
Etymology 7
For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 豫 (“big elephant”). (This character is a variant form of 豫). |
Japanese
余 | |
餘 |
Kanji
余
(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 餘)
Readings
- Go-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)
- Kun: あまる (amaru, 余る, Jōyō); あます (amasu, 余す, Jōyō); われ (ware, 余); あまり (amari, 余り)
Compounds
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
---|
余 |
よ Grade: 5 |
on’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
餘 (kyūjitai) |
Suffix
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Synonyms
Pronoun
- I, me (first-person pronoun)
- (deprecated template usage) Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
- Yo wa Sai wo aisiteru; aisiteru kara koso kono Nikki wo yomase taku nai no da.
- I love my Wife; it is precisely because I love her that I do not want her to read this Diary.
- (deprecated template usage) Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
Alternative forms
Korean
Hanja
余 (eum 여 (yeo))
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.
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
References
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