唐

唐 U+2F842, 唐 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F842 ← 哶 [U+2F841] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 啓 → [U+2F843]

Translingual

Han character

唐 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈中口 (ILR), four-corner 0026₇, composition ⿸广⿱肀口)

Derived characters

• 傏 塘 搪 嵣 溏 瑭 榶 膅 煻 禟 磄 瞊 螗 糖 赯 醣 鎕 餹 鄌 鶶 蓎 篖

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 192, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3709
• Dae Jaweon: page 411, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 633, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5510

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		唐

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
唐	*ɡl'aːŋ
煻	*l'aːŋ
糖	*l'aːŋ
搪	*l'aːŋ
蓎	*l'aːŋ
瑭	*l'aːŋ
餹	*l'aːŋ
篖	*l'aːŋ
螗	*l'aːŋ
塘	*l'aːŋ
鶶	*l'aːŋ
赯	*l'aːŋ
磄	*l'aːŋ
溏	*l'aːŋ
傏	*l'aːŋ
鎕	*l'aːŋ
榶	*l'aːŋ
嵣	*l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs
庚	*kraːŋ
賡	*kraːŋ
鹒	*kraːŋ
康	*kʰlaːŋ
穅	*kʰlaːŋ
糠	*kʰlaːŋ
槺	*kʰlaːŋ
漮	*kʰlaːŋ
躿	*kʰlaːŋ
慷	*kʰlaːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡl'aːŋ) : phonetic 庚 (OC *kraːŋ) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – to exaggerate, to boast. 唐 and 庚 were near-homophones in Old Chinese.

Etymology

Either related to 途 (OC *l'aː) (Wang Li, 1982) or from Austroasiatic, compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *glɔɔŋ, whence Mon ဂၠံၚ်, Kensiu gəlɔŋ, Kuy khlù:aŋ (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): táng (tang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄤˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tong⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hong³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thòng
• Northern Min (KCR): dǒ̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): dòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tn̂g / tông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): deng⁵ / tang⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶daon

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: táng
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: táng
    • Wade–Giles: tʻang²
    • Yale: táng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarng
    • Palladius: тан (tan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tong⁴
    • Yale: tòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːŋ²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: tongˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tong²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǒ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /touŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tn̂g / tông
    • Tâi-lô: tn̂g / tông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dngg, doong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tŋ̍²⁴/, /tɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tŋ̍²⁴/, /tɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tŋ̍¹³/, /tɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tŋ̍²⁴/, /tɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tŋ̍²³/, /tɔŋ²³/

Note:

• tn̂g - vernacular;
• tông - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: deng⁵ / tang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̂ng / thâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɯŋ⁵⁵/, /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• deng5 - vernacular;
• tang5 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶daon
    • MiniDict: daon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³daan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dɑ̃²³/

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• Middle Chinese: dang

Rime
Character	唐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒郎切
Baxter	dang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daŋ/
Li Rong	/dɑŋ/
Wang Li	/dɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	táng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tong4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*r̥ˤaŋ/, /*[N-]rˤaŋ/, /*[N].rˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡl'aːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	唐	唐	唐
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tāng	táng	táng
Middle Chinese	‹ thang ›	‹ dang ›	‹ dang ›
Old Chinese	/*r̥ˁaŋ/	/*[N-]rˁaŋ/	/*[N].rˁaŋ/
English	name of first Shang ruler	exaggerate; great	棠棣 cherry tree
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	唐
Reading #	1/1
No.	3959
Phonetic component	庚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	唐
Old Chinese	/*ɡl'aːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 唐

1. ^† to exaggerate; to boast
2. ^† exaggerative; boastful
3. ^† vast; wide; extensive
4. ^† road inside temple
5. ^† in vain; to no avail
6. 50th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "vastness, emptiness, pointlessness" (𝌷)
7. (～朝) Tang Dynasty
8. (figurative) China
9. a surname

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國／战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢／西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國／三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢／蜀汉
		Wu 吳／吴
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉／西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊／北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊／南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼／西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

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Japanese

Kanji

唐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. Tang dynasty
2. China, Chinese, Sino-
3. foreign
4. baseless, bogus
5. abrupt, sudden

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

• Go-on: どう (dō)^{←だう (dau, historical)}
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}
• Tō-on: たん (tan)
• Sō-on: たん (tan)
• Kun: から (kara, 唐, Jōyō); もろこし (morokoshi, 唐)
• Nanori: かろ (karo)

Compounds

Compounds

• 唐(とう)朝(ちょう) (Tōchō, “the Tang Dynasty”)
• 唐(とう)突(とつ) (tōtotsu)
• 荒(こう)唐(とう) (kōtō)
• 唐棣花(ハネズ) (hanezu)
• 唐土(もろこし) (Morokoshi)
• 唐黍(モロコシ) (morokoshi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
唐
とう Grade: S
on’yomi

/tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/

From Middle Chinese 唐 (MC dang).

Noun

唐(とう) • (tō) ^{←たう (tau)?}

1. foreign lands in general

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 唐(トウ)辛(ガラ)子(シ) (tō-garashi, “red pepper”)
• 唐人(とうじん) (tōjin, “Chinese person; foreigner; barbarian”)
• 唐(とう)縮緬(ちりめん) (tō-chirimen, “muslin”)
• 唐紅(とうべに) (tōbeni, “fuchsine”)
• 玉蜀黍(トウモロコシ) (tōmorokoshi, “corn, maize”)
• 毛(け)唐(とう) (ketō, “foreigner, Westerner”)

Idioms

• 唐(とう)へ投(な)げ銀(がね) (tō e nage-gane)

Proper noun

唐(とう) • (Tō) ^{←たう (tau)?}

1. (historical) name of various Chinese dynasties:
   1. the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE)
   2. the 後唐 (Kōtō, “Later Tang”) (923-937 CE)
   3. the 後唐 (Nantō, “Southern Tang”) (937–976 CE)
2. (dated) China in general

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 唐(とう)音(おん) (Tō-on, “Tang reading of a kanji character”)
• 唐(とう)詩(し) (Tō-shi, “Tang poetry”)
• 唐(とう)人(じん) (Tō-jin, “a Chinese person; a foreigner from China”)
• 入唐(にっとう) (nittō, “visit to Tang Dynasty China”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
唐
から Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Japanese 伽羅, a proper name from ancient Korean Peninsula.

Originally meant "China" during the Tang dynasty and "elements imported from China", then later expanded to mean "foreign lands in general" and "elements imported from foreign lands".

Prefix

唐(から) • (kara-) 

1. element in compounds, referring to things imported from China or from other foreign lands

   漢詩(からうた)、唐(から)歌(うた)、唐(から)揚(あ)げ、漢音(からごえ)

   karauta, karauta, karāge, karagoe

   Chinese-style poetry (as opposed to formal waka Japanese-style poetry), Chinese-style poetry, deep-fried chicken or fish (a style introduced by Europeans in the 1600s), "Chinese voice" → the kan'on or Chinese-derived reading for a character

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 唐(から)揚(あ)げ (karāge, “deep-fried chicken nuggets”)
• 唐歌(からうた) (karauta)
• 唐(から)木(き) (karaki, “exotic wood”)
• 唐(から)紅(くれない) (kara-kurenai, “Chinese red”)
• 唐(から)獅子(じし), 唐(から)獅子(じし) (kara-jishi): an artistic portrayal of a lion
• 唐(から)手(て) (karate, “karate”)
• 唐梨(カラナシ) (karanashi)
• 唐様(からよう) (karayō, “Chinese-style design”)

Noun

唐(から) • (kara) 

1. foreign lands in general
2. Short for 唐織り (karaori): silk fabrics imported from China; an exquisitely-embroidered woman's kimono; a costume made in the karaori style used in Noh theater

Proper noun

唐(から) • (Kara) 

1. (formal, dated) the name of China during the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE}

Derived terms

• 唐(から)人(ひと) (Kara hito), 唐(から)人(びと) (Kara-bito, “a Chinese or Korean person; a foreigner from China or Korea”)

See also

• 漢(から) (Kara, usually "China in the Han dynasty")
• 韓(から) (Kara, usually "Korea")
• 加羅(から), 伽羅(から), 迦羅(から) (Kara, “the Gaya confederacy”, original derivation)
• 呉(くれ) (Kure, “China during the Wu dynasty”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
唐
もろこし Grade: S
kun’yomi

⟨mo₂ro₂ ko₁si⟩ → ⟨moro₂ko₁si⟩ → */morəkosi/ → /morokoɕi/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 753 CE).

Originally a compound of 諸 (moro-, prefix meaning "many") + 越 (koshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 越す (kosu, “to cross (over)”), by reinterpretation of kun-reading 越 (koshi) from on-reading of 越 (Etsu, “(state of) Yue”).

Alternative forms

• 唐土

Noun

唐(もろこし) • (morokoshi) 

1. (archaic) any objects imported from China

Derived terms

• 唐(もろこし)黍(きび) (morokoshi kibi), 唐黍(モロコシ) (morokoshi)

Proper noun

唐(もろこし) • (Morokoshi) 

1. (archaic) the name of China by the ancient Japanese people

   Synonym: 唐土 (Tōdo)

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Korean

Hanja

唐 • (dang) (hangeul 당, McCune–Reischauer tang)

1. Tang dynasty
2. Chinese

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Okinawan

Kanji

唐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): とー (tō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
唐
とー Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /toː/

Proper noun

1. China

Derived terms

• 唐(とー)船(しん) (Tōshin)
• 唐(とー)口(ぐち) (Tōguchi)
• 唐(とー)ぬ口(くち) (Tōnukuchi)
• 唐(とー)ぬ人(ちゅ) (Tōnuchu)
• 唐(とー)ぬっ人(ちゅー)墓(ばか) (Tōnutchūbaka)

References

• “とー【唐】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 唐 (Đường, đường, đằng, đàng, giềng)

1. Tang dynasty
2. Chinese