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Undo revision 49851699 by 2A01:CB05:8206:FB00:418F:6649:34F4:8E83 (talk)
Tag: Undo
→‎Japanese: Expanding, more still needed
Line 111: Line 111:
{{ja-kanji|grade=c|rs=火05|kyu=爲}}
{{ja-kanji|grade=c|rs=火05|kyu=爲}}


# [[do]], [[perform]], [[carry out]]
⚫
# {{defn|lang=ja|sort=火05}}


====Readings====
====Readings====
Line 117: Line 117:
|goon=い<ゐ
|goon=い<ゐ
|kanon=い<ゐ
|kanon=い<ゐ
|kun=ため-, な-る, な-す, す-る, たり, つく-る, なり
|kun=す-る, ため-, たり-, つく-る, な-す, なり-, な-る
|nanori=さだ, しげ, す, すけ, た, ち, なり, び.い, ゆき, よし, より
|nanori=びい
}}
}}


===Noun===
====Compounds====
{{ja-noun|ため}}
{{der-top|Compounds}}
* {{ja-r|為政|いせい}}
* {{ja-r|有為|うい}}
* {{ja-r|営為|えい.い}}
* {{ja-r|行為|こうい}}
* {{ja-r|作為|さくい}}
* {{ja-r|所為|しょい}}
* {{ja-r|人為|じんい}}
* {{ja-r|所為|そい}}
* {{ja-r|天為|てんい}}
* {{ja-r|無為|ぶい}}
* {{ja-r|無為|むい}}
* {{ja-r|有為|ゆうい}}
* {{ja-r|以為らく|おもえらく}}
* {{ja-r|為替|かわせ}}
* {{ja-r|所為|せい}}
* {{ja-r|為体|ていたらく}}
* {{ja-r|為人|ひととなり}}
⚫
{{der-bottom}}


===Etymology 1===
⚫
# [[benefit]]
{{ja-kanjitab|ため|yomi=k}}
⚫
# [[sake]]; [[reason]]
{{IPAfont|⟨tame<sub>2</sub>⟩}} → *{{IPAfont|/taməj/}} → {{IPAfont|/tame/}}
⚫
#: {{ja-usex|君の'''ため'''に|きみ の '''ため''' に|for you; because of you; for your sake}}
⚫
#: {{ja-usex|「ピアノの'''ため'''に」|「ピアノ の '''ため''' に」|"for the piano" {{q|i.e. in European classical music}}}} <!--is this a calque? it seems weird-->


From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=ため|-}}, attested alongside with ''ta'' (see below).
⚫
====See also====

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|y=k|ため|acc=2|acc_ref=DJR}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|kyu=爲|ため}}

⚫
# [[advantage]], [[benefit]]
# ''after a particle'' {{ja-r|が}} ''or'' {{ja-r|の}}:
⚫
## [[cause]], [[reason]]
##: {{syn|ja|故|tr=yue}}
## [[objective]], [[sake]]
⚫
##: {{ja-usex|君の'''ため'''に|きみ の '''ため''' に|for you; because of you; for your '''sake'''}}
⚫
##: {{ja-usex|「ピアノの'''ため'''に」|「ピアノ の '''ため''' に」|"for the piano" {{q|i.e. in European classical music}}}}
# [[affecting]], [[concerning]], [[regarding]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{ja-r|為銀|ためぎん}}
* {{ja-r|外為|がいため}}

⚫
=====See also=====
* {{ja-r|訳|わけ}}
* {{ja-r|訳|わけ}}


===Verb===
====Proper noun====
{{ja-verb|す|type=3}}
{{ja-pos|proper|kyu=爲|ため}}


⚫
# {{surname|lang=ja|A=a|nodot=1|sort=ため}}
# to [[do]]


====Derived terms====
===Etymology 2===
* {{ja-r|為る|する}}
{{ja-kanjitab|た|yomi=k}}
From {{inh|ja|ojp|-}}.


Takes the particle {{ja-l|に||ni}} or {{ja-l|の||no}}.
⚫
====Compounds====

{{der-top}}
====Noun====
{{top2}}
{{ja-noun|kyu=爲|た}}
* [[為政]] (''isei''): governing, administering

* [[為政家]] (''iseika''): politician
# ''Same as'' {{ja-l||ため|tame}} ''above''
* [[為政者]] (''iseisha''): statesman

* [[行為]] (''kōi''): act, deed
===Etymology 3===
* [[無為]] (''mui''): inactivity
{{ja-kanjitab|す|yomi=k}}
{{mid2}}
From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=す|-}}.
* [[作為]] (''sakui''): artificiality, commission

* [[為銀]] (''tamegin''): exchange bank
Used as {{m|ja|借音|tr=shakuon}} ''kana'' for {{IPAfont|⟨su⟩}}.
* [[外為]] (''gaitame''): foreign exchange

* [[為替]] (''kawase''): money order
====Verb====
* [[為る]] (''naru''): become
{{ja-verb|kyu=爲|す|type=3}}
* [[為る]] (''suru''): do

{{bottom}}
# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=す}} to [[do]]
⚫
{{der-bottom}}
# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=す}} to [[cause]], [[become]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{ja-r|する|suru}}
* {{ja-r|為為|すす}}

===References===
<references/>


----
----

Revision as of 07:01, 28 July 2018

See also: 爲, 为, and 𫞟

Template:character info/new

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

為 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈大弓火 (IKNF), four-corner 20227)

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 669, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18981
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2198, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+70BA

Chinese

trad. 為/爲
simp. 为
alternative forms 𫞟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 為
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Simplified from 爲.

In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 (“hand”) + 象 (“elephant”) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (“hand; claw”).

Shuowen Jiezi explained the character to be a representation of the female macaque.

Etymology

The two pronunciations below (“to make; to do; to be”, “for; to; because”) are cognate; the latter is the *–s derivative of the former. Words meaning “to make, to do” often have secondary meanings of “for, as” – compare 作.

Etymology not certain. Starostin compared this word with Tibetan བགྱིད (bgyid, “to make, to manufacture”), བགྱི་བ (bgyi ba, “action, deed”), ཡིན (yin, “is, be”) and Burmese ဝေ (we, “to distribute, to share”). Schuessler (2007) listed *ʔaajh (“to give”) (> Khmer ឲ្យ (ʼaoy, “to give, to donate”)) and Khmer ធ្វើ (thvəə, “to do, to make”), although the vowels do not match.

The graphic representation using monkey or elephant probably stems a homophonic or near-homophonic etymon which was rarely attested; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/g-woj-n > Jingpho woi (“monkey”) and possibly 猿 (OC *ɢʷan, “ape”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, compare Proto-Vietic *-vɔːj (“elephant”) > Vietnamese voi (“elephant”).

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 為 為
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 支 (14) 支 (14)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 薳支切 于僞切
Baxter hjwe hjweH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠiuᴇ/ /ɦˠiuᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷᵚiɛ/ /ɦʷᵚiɛH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiuɛ/ /ɣiuɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦjwiə̆/ /ɦjwiə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/ɣjue/ /ɣjueH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣǐwe/ /ɣǐweH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/wie̯/ /wie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wéi wèi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wai4 wai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 為
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wéi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjwe ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷ(r)aj/
English make, do, act as

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 為
Reading # 1/2
Phonetic
component 		爲
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		爲
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷal/
Notes 俗爲字

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 為

  1. to do; to make
  2. (to turn, to transform) into; to
  3. to be (equivalent to, equal to)
  4. to take something as
  5. to act as; to serve as; to behave as
  6. as (in the capacity of)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 為
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wèi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjweH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷ(r)aj-s/
English for, because

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 為
Reading # 2/2
Phonetic
component 		爲
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		爲
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷals/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 為

  1. for; to
  2. because of
    你為這生氣哦。／你为这生气哦。  ―  Nǐ wèi zhè shēngqì o.  ―  So that's what you're upset about?
  3. for the sake of
    不為五斗米折腰／不为五斗米折腰  ―  bù wèi wǔ dǒu mǐ zhéyāo  ―  don't bow down for the sake of five pecks (or decalitres) of rice

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Shinjitai

為

Kyūjitai

爲

Kanji

為

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 爲)

  1. do, perform, carry out

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
為
ため
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
爲 (kyūjitai)

⟨tame2⟩ → */taməj/ → /tame/

From Old Japanese, attested alongside with ta (see below).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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  1. advantage, benefit
  2. after a particle が (ga) or の (no):
    1. cause, reason
      Synonym: 故 (yue)
    2. objective, sake
      君(きみ)のために
      kimi no tame ni
      for you; because of you; for your sake
      「ピアノのために」
      “piano no tame ni”
      "for the piano" (i.e. in European classical music)
  3. affecting, concerning, regarding
Derived terms
See also

Proper noun

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Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
為
た
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
爲 (kyūjitai)

From Old Japanese.

Takes the particle に (​ni) or の (​no).

Noun

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  1. Same as ため (​tame) above

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
為
す
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
爲 (kyūjitai)

From Old Japanese.

Used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨su⟩.

Verb

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  1. (archaic) to do
  2. (archaic) to cause, become
Derived terms

References


Korean

Hanja

為 • (wi) (hangeul 위) 為 (wi; hangul: 위)

  1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 為 (vi, vị)

  1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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