Wiktionary:Requested entries (Proto-Indo-European)

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• *ā - mentioned in Latin ah
• *amma-, *ama- (“mother”) - from the etymology of amita
• *aṷer, *aṷed (“to make wet”) - from the etymology of Albanian avër
  • *aw-, *awe- (“to wet, to moisten, to flow”), *awer-, *awe-, *awe- - from the etymology of jūra

• *bʰedʰ- (“to stab, dig”) - from the etymology of battuō

Shouldn't we remove this bluelink? ~2025-37478-67 (talk) 23:51, 21 December 2025 (UTC)

• *bʰéh₂os - see Ancient Greek φάος (pháos)
• *bʰelH- (“white”) - from the etymology of Greek βάλτος (váltos)
• *bʰen- (“to beat, hit, strike, injure”)
• *bʰer- (“cure with herbs”) - Ancient Greek φάρμακον (phármakon, “drug, medicine”), Albanian bar (“grass”)
• *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”)
• *bʰerHǵ- (“bright”)
• *bʰern- (“to project”)
• *bew- (“swelling”) - from the etymology of Latin bulliō
• *bʰew- - from the etymology of *bagmaz
• *bʰh₂nyéti - from the etymology of English fantasy
• *bʰlag- (“to hit, strike, beat”), *bʰlād-, *bʰleh₂- - Latin flamen, Sanskrit ब्रह्मन् (bráhman), Old Norse blót
• *bʰleg- (“to burn, shine”)
• *bhḷəno
• *bʰlī-
• *bodyos (“yellow, brown”)
• *bʰōw (“to blow, swell”), see Proto-Albanian *bauka, Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly, body”), Dutch buik (“belly”), German Bauch (“belly, stomach”), Swedish buk (“belly, abdomen”).
• *bʰreǵʰ-, connected to Sanskrit ब्रह्मन् (bráhman), Old Norse bragr (“poetry”), whence Icelandic bragur (“poem; character”).
• *bʰrewd- - from the etymology of *breutaną

Proto-Indo-European *bʰrodʰ-no- (“white, greyish (of horses)”) Proto-Slavic *bronъ

• *bʰrūs‑, *bʰrews‑ (“to roar, roil, rustle, sprout”).* *bʰō- or *bʰow-, from *bʰeh₁- - from the etymology of Armenian բով (bov)
• *bʰrenu- - from the etymology of *brandaz
• *bʰrun- - from the etymology of *brunnô
• *bu- - see English pout
• *bū-, *bew- (“to blow; swell”)
• *budnós (“a type of vessel”) - from the etymology of English pot
• *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to fashion, fit”). - Proto-Slavic *doba, Latvian daba (“manner, habit, character”), Lithuanian dabà (“nature, habit, character”), Proto-Germanic *dabaną (“to occur, fit”)
• *dʰédʰh₁i (“milk, curdled milk, cheese”)
• *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“[the one] nursing, breastfeeding”)
• *dʰel- (““an arch, vaulting, curve, curvature, cavity””) or *dʰol- (““an arch, vaulting, curve, curvature, cavity””): Proto-Germanic *dalą, English dale, Lower Sorbian doł, Proto-Slavic *dolъ, Polish dół
• *dʰeh₂w- - from the etymology of θεάομαι (theáomai)* *dʰreg- - from the etymology of *drinkaną
• *dʰeǵʰ- (“day”) - from the etymology of *dagaz
• *deh₂imō
• *deh₂w- (“to burn”)
• *dʰel-, *dʰol- (“an arch, vaulting, curve, curvature, cavity”) - from the etymology of *dalą
• *dʰem- (“to whisk, smoke, blow; dust, haze, cloud; obscure”) - see Old Norse dimmr
• *dʰen- (“to push, bash in, beat down”) - see Old Norse detta
• *dew-: Ancient Greek δύω (dúō, “to cause to sink, enter”) δύσις (dúsis, “setting (of sun)”)
  • Are there more descendants? Sources, perhaps? The Greek entry doesn't have enough to verify it. —CodeCat 21:21, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
    • The greek entry lists Sanskrit उपादुत्य (upādútya)
• *dʰew-, further related to Albanian dak (“big ram”), Lithuanian dvékti (“to breathe”), dvākas (“breath”) - two senses of the root are present on the Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰew- page but this one is missing.
• *dewmb-, *dumb-
• *deyḱ-s - from the etymology of dicō
• *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to pass, happen, occur, fit”) - etymon of Proto-Germanic *dabaną (“to come to pass, occur, happen”)
• *dʰh₁-m-eló-m (“fundament”) - from the etymology of familia
• *dreH- (“sleep, to sleep”) - related to Ancient Greek ὄναρ (ónar), ὄνειρος (óneiros), Old Armenian անուրջ (anurǰ), and maybe Albanian ëndërr
• *dreh₂- - from the etymology of Norwegian Bokmål troll
• *dʰrewb- (“to crumble, grind”) - see Proto-Germanic *drupô
• *dréw-, *dréwom - from the etymology of *trewą
• *dʰreyd- (“to have diarrhea”) - see Old Norse dríta
• *dū- (“to torment, vex”), *dāw- (“to burn”) - from the etymology of English tinsel
  • Pre-laryngealist notation, correspond to *duH- and *deh₂w- --Tropylium (talk) 23:13, 18 January 2026 (UTC)
• *dʰuh₂li-
• *dweh₂ro- (“long”). Ancient Greek δᾱρός (dārós), δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūra, “distant, far”), Latin dūro (“to last long”), Old Persian 𐎯𐎢𐎼𐎡𐎹 (du-u-r-i-y)
• *dʰwōg- (“cloth”) - see Icelandic dúkur
• *dʰyeh₂-

• *(e)rey-, *(e)rew- (“to flow”) - from the etymology of jūra
  • Pre-laryngealist notation, correspond to *h₁rey-, *h₁rew- --Tropylium (talk) 23:13, 18 January 2026 (UTC)

• *ghabh- (“to be split, be forked, gape”) - see French gaber
• *gag- (“small round object”) - see gogë
• *ǵʰays- (“pointed stick, spear”) - see Icelandic geir
• *ǵebʰ-
• *gʰei-: goat?
• *gelh₁w-
• *ǵʰem- (“to move violently”), *(h₂)gʷʰemb-, *(h₂)gʷʰem- (“to hop, jump, frisk”) - linked to Albanian zemër, Proto-Germanic *gamaną, Proto-Slavic *gomonъ (“noise”), Ancient Greek ἀθεμβοῦσα (athemboûsa, “exuberant”)
• *gen- (“to squeeze; pinch; kink; bale”) - mentioned in Proto-Germanic *knuzlijaną
• *gengʰ- - metioned in Old Norse kengr
• *ǵers- (“to turn, bend, twist”) - from the etymology of kärr
  • *ǵers- (“to twist; to plait things from flexible twigs”) - thought to be related to Armenian ծառ
• *gʰes-
• *gewp-eh
• *gʰeyǵʰ-, *gʰeygʰ- (“to yawn, gape, long for, desire”) - see Middle Low German gîge
• *ǵiǵneh₃- - from the etymology of γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō)
  • Perfect of *ǵneh₃- --Tropylium (talk) 23:13, 18 January 2026 (UTC)
• *gʰlew- (“to joke, make fun, enjoy”).
• *ǵʰl̥tóm
• *gnod- (“to bind”): judging by other articles, cognates include English knot, Scots knot, Icelandic hnútur, Middle High German knotze, Latin nodus, Old English contta, Old English cnyttan, Middle Dutch cnudda, German Knoten, Old High German knoto, Old Norse knútr, Danish knude, Spanish nodo, English knit, Old Norse knýta, Proto-Germanic *knutjaną, Proto-Germanic *knuttijaną, Old Irish nascim, and Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬐𐬀 (naska-, “bundle”)
• *gʰom- - see Old Armenian գոմ (gom)
• *gʰrān-
• *gʰrewd- - see Proto-Germanic *greutą
• *ǵr̥h₂nós, *ǵr̥h₂-nós - mentioned in *ǵr̥h₂nóm
• *gʰrm̥tús, *gʰrem- - from the etymology of *grunduz
• *gʰróbʰ-
• *gʰroH-néh₂- - from the etymology of *granō
• *gʰrōn-
• *gʰórdʰos - from the etymology of *gardaz
• *grewb- (“to curve, bend, crawl”), *ger- (“to turn, wind”) - from the etymology of *kruppaz
• *gup- (“round object, knoll”) - see Icelandic kobbi
• *gudóm
  • Descendants? —CodeCat 16:46, 12 May 2016 (UTC)

• *gʷel-
  • Meaning? Descendants? —CodeCat 00:51, 12 May 2016 (UTC)
    • It means "intestines"/"bowels"/"guts." Descendants probably include English "gut" (despite what our entry currently says for that, that it's derived from a word meaning "pour") as well as the following two sources, which give many descendants: 1 2 204.11.189.94 14:12, 13 May 2016 (UTC)
    • Doing a search in en:Wiktionary it's all over in etymologies, saying the following: "from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”)." We should probably be more thorough, and, more importantly, rigorous, before assigning PIE etymologies (rather than proposed etymologies). It seems that the one for gut, at least, is currently wrong (see request for *gudóm, above, as well as numerous references to *gudóm on Google Books) — This unsigned comment was added by 204.11.189.94 (talk) at 15:55, 12 May 2016 UTC.
• *ǵʰwel- (“to lie, deceive, bend”) - from the etymology of *zъlъ₂}}, *gewp - from the etymology of Proto-Slavic *župa
• *gʷʰew- - from the etymology of Latin faveo, from gʷʰoweti
• *gʷih₃wo-teh₂, *gʷih₃-etos (“life”) - from the etymology of βίοτος (bíotos)
• *gwosdos (“piece of wood”)
• *gʷʰren- - see Old Norse grunr
• *gʷrihg(ʰ)-o- - from the etymology of *krīgan

• *h₂eh₁- - see Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-
• *h₂eh₂ - mentioned in Latin ah
• Perfect *h₁e-h₁óy-e ~ *h₁e-h₁y-ḗr; ultimately from the root *h₁ey- (“to go”)
• *h₁éh₁stor or *Hḗstor (“to be sitting”): Sanskrit आस्ते (āste), Sanskrit आसन (āsana), Ancient Greek ἧμαι (hêmai), Hittite [script needed] (ēša), Hittite [script needed] (āšzi).
• *h₁eh₁tmén- - breath?
• *h₂éh₂uso-
• *h₁elh₁én, *h₁l̥h₁onbʰos - see Proto-Germanic *lambaz
• *h₂eḱus - from the etymology of acus
• *h₂enǵʰos - from the etymology of *angazaz
• *h₂engʷʰ- (“water-worm, eel”) - Latin anguilla
• *h₂enḱ- (“fate, destiny”) - mentioned in Proto-Germanic *anhtō
• *h₂(e)nra-h₂, *h₃(e)nra-h₂ - might be the ancestor of Albanian ëndërr?
• *h₃ep-(i)-, *h₃op-(i)- (“force, ability”) - from the etymology of ops
• *h₁eps, *h₁ep- - mentioned in Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi
• *h₁ergʰ- (“to move, go; to mount”) - ἔρχομαι (érkhomai), ὀρχέομαι (orkhéomai), Albanian erdha (“I came”), Old Irish regaid (“will go”, future of téit), Sanskrit ऋघायति (ṛghāyáti, “to be passionate”).
• *h₂erkʷo- - from the etymology of arcus
• *h₁erm-o-s, from *h₁erm- (“ill, poor”)
• *h₁ers-eh₂-yé-ti - from the etymology of *erzāō
• *h₂euh₂-n-tlo-, *h₂euh₂-n-, *h₂euh₂o- - from the etymology of avunculus
• *h₁ewk- - see LIV p.244
• *h₁ewk-, *h₁owk-éye-ti - Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/učiti, Lithuanian jauki̇̀nti, jaukinù (“to tame, to domesticate”), Latvian jaûcêt (“to accustom”), Old Prussian iaukint (“to exercise”), Sanskrit उच्यति (ucyati, “to be accustomed to”), Old Armenian ուսանիմ (usanim, “to learn”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (biūhts, “accustomed to”).
• *h₃ewp- - from the etymology of *upó
• *h₃ewps-
• *h₂éyesnos
• *h₂eyg- (“move quickly, stir, tremble”)
• *h₂éyǵs - from the etymology of *aiks
• *h₂ǵ-es- (“to throw”) - see Old Norse kǫs
  • From a *h₂eǵ-? --Tropylium (talk) 23:13, 18 January 2026 (UTC)
• *h₁lewdʰ-er-tos, *h₁lewdʰ-er-teh₂, *h₁lewdʰeros - līber, lībertus
• *h₂lewp- (“fox”)
• *h₂mes- - black, blackbird
• *h₁n̥dóm - it comes from *h₁n̥dó

Shouldn't we remove this bluelink? ~2025-37478-67 (talk) 23:52, 21 December 2025 (UTC)

• *h₃n̥néh₂ti, *h₃n̥-né-h₂-ti - from the etymology of *unnaną
• *h₂ntbʰi - from the etymology of *h₂m̥bʰi
• *h₂oléye- - from the etymology of *oleō
• *h₁ónḱos - see Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hánćas
• *h₃op- - from the etymology of *abnijaną
• *Hréh₁dʰeti - from the etymology of *rēdaną / meaning something like: to think, arrange; to decide, advise; to interpret
• *h₂eHs-e-yeh₂, *h₂eh₂r-e-yeh₂, *h₂eh₂rh₃- (“threshing tool”) - from the etymology of ārea
• *(H)oḱto- (“four fingers”) - from the etymology of *oḱtṓw
• *h₂ol-no-, *h₂l̥-no- - from the etymology of ille
• *h₂wer-, *ūr-, *eur-, *ewr- - from the etymology of jūra
• *(H)ih₁-k-ye- - from the etymology of *jakjō
• *íd (“particle”) - from *bʰé(h₁) íd, Lithuanian: bei̇̃ (“and”)
• *kaḱ-, *knḱ- (“slight”) - related to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬎 (kasu, “small, slight”).
• *ḱanḱest-, *kankest-
• *ḱas- (“white, grey”): Welsh ceinach (“hare”), English hare, Latin canus, cascus (“old”), Ancient Greek ξανθός (xanthós, “yellow”), Old Prussian sasnis (“hare”), Pashto سوی (soe, “hare”), Sanskrit शश (śaśa, “hare”)
• *kebʰ- (“worn-out horse, nag”) - from the etymology of Latin caballus
• *keg- (“tooth, hook”) — It is the root of the Old High German hāko (“hook”), whence the Middle High German hāken, and whence in turn the Czech hák (“hook”) and the German Haken (“hook”).
  • English hake as well
  • also needed: *keng- (“peg; hook”).
• *kéh₂ros
• *ḱemh₂- (“to toil, to exert oneself”)
• *ken-h₁- - maybe related to thirst or hunger, compare Hittite kāninti (“thirst”, loc.sg.)
• *ḱent- (“to sting”) - from the etymology of Ancient Greek κεντέω (kentéō)
• *kenk-, *kemǝk- (“joint, legbone”)
• *kerh₃- (“to burn”) - from the etymology of Latin carbō
• *ḱerh₂k- (“fenced or enclosed area”), *ḱer - mentioned in Proto-Germanic *harugaz
• *kesn-o- (“garlic”)
• *kewd-s-
• *ḱewk- (“white”) - κύκνος, Sanskrit शोचति (śócati, “to shine, suffer”) and शुक्र (śukrá, “bright, white”), and possibly Old Norse Hǿnir (“god associated with swans and storks”).
• *kéwHtis - see Proto-Germanic *hūdiz
  • *kuHtis - see Old Norse húð
    • Zero grade of the previous.
• *ḱey(h₂)- (“to move”): Ancient Greek κῑνέω (kīnéō), English kinetic
  • De Vaan gives the possibility of a laryngeal, *ḱey(h₂)-
    • Plausible explanation for the long vowel
• *kh₂emp-
• *kh₂póneh₂, *kh₂pnéh₂ - from the etymology of *habanō
• *klek- (“to laugh, cackle”) - see Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną
• *ḱléyti - from the etymology of *ḱley-
• *kl̥Hmos - from the etymology of *hulmaz
• *ḱm̥t, *ḱomt (“hand”) - from the etymology of *déḱm̥
• *knew- - see Old Norse hnot
• *knog-, *kneg- (“back of the head, nape, neck”)
• *knh₂- (“brownish-yellow, amber”) - from the etymology of *kn̥h₂ónks
• *kob- (“good fortune, prophecy; to bend, bow, fit in, work, succeed”) - from english "happy"
• *kólsos - etymon of Proto-Germanic *halsaz
• *kónh₂m (“leg”). - from the etymology of English ham
• *ḱos-tróm - cutting tool, knife
• *kort-íh₂s - see Old Norse herðr
• *kreh₂-, *kréh₂-tis, *kr̥tis, *kert- (“to weave, twist together”) - from the etymology of Latin crātis
  • *kréh₂-tis (“fenced handiwork”))
• *kreh₁(y)-
• *kri-n-ye- - from the etymology of κρίνω (krínō)
• *kr̥-kr̥-
• *krómus-ō ~ *kr̥mus-nés, *kermus-, *kremus- (“wild garlic”) - all mentioned in Proto-West-Germanic *hramusō
• *ḱye, *ḱyesdʰ- (“to drive away; to go away”) - from the etymology of cēdō
• *k(ʷ)end- or *k(ʷ)enHd(ʰ)-.خاییدن Persian language
• *kʷetwṓr - from the etymology of *fedwōr

• *laḱsos (“salmon, trout”) salmon; ancestor of Lachs, lox; word noted in The English Word That Hasn’t Changed in Sound or Meaning in 8,000 Years and linked from those Wiktionary entries
  • *laḱs- Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lahsaz calls *laḱsos as Pre-Germanic salmon and *laḱs- as proto-Indo-European salmon.
• *leh₂p- (“to light, shine””) - see Proto-Celtic *laxsaros and Ancient Greek λάμπω (lámpō)
• *leh₂t- (“moist, wet”) - see Icelandic leðja
• *leh₁wdʰ- (“song; sound”) - see English laud
• *leh₂wos (“people (under arms)”) - from the etymology of λαός (laós)
• *létrom - see Old Norse leðr
• *lént-o-s - see Proto-Germanic *linþaz
• *lewd- (“to duck, crouch, feign, cringe, become small”) - see Elfdalian lauta
• *lewh₁- (“to cut off, separate, free”) - reconstructed *lewH- by LIV
• *ley-, *(s)ley- (“to slip, slide, glide; slimy”) - from the etymology of *leyp-
• *leyt- - see Proto-Germanic *līþaną
• *līg- - see Faroese lík
• *lok- - see Proto-Germanic *lahaną
• *lówkos - from the root *lewk- (“bright, to shine”) / see Old Norse ló (“clearing, meadow”)
• *lū- (“to untie, set free, separate”) - see Old Norse lauss

• *méh₂-méh₂-, *méh₂- (“mama, mother”)
• *meh₂ǵ- ("to knead")
• *meh₁lom - mentioned in Proto-Germanic *mēlą
• *meHnk- ("to press, knead")
• *méntōr
• *mergʷ- from Moor
• *meth₂ - from the etymology of *midi
• *mewg- (“slimy, slippery”) - see Old Norse mjúkr
• *mewk- (“slick, soft”) - see Icelandic mygla
• *méynos - see Proto-Germanic *mīnaz (“my, mine”)
• *mi-néw-ti
• *mi-néh₁-ti
• *minu- (“small”) - see Old Norse lítill
• *mitto (“mutual, reciprocal”), *meyt- (“to replace, switch, exchange, swap”) - see Old Norse mis-
• *ml̥Hdʰo- - from the etymology of mala
• *mōd- (“to permit, make able”) - mentioned in Proto-Germanic *mōtaną
• *mod-ōs - from the etymology of modus
• *mogʰus (“boy”) - see Proto-Germanic *maguz
• *molH-(y)o- - see Old Norse mǫlr
• *monogʰos
• *mor- (“malicious female spirit”) - see Proto-Germanic *marǭ
• *morǵ-, *merǵ- (“to divide”) - from the etymology of *markō
• *morǵ-, *mórǵ-, *mórǵos (“frost”) - from the etymology of *morzъ
• *mowro- - see Proto-Germanic *mauraz
• *mr̥ke/o, *morko
• *muk- (“heap”) - see Dutch mok

• *nē, *nēy (negative particle).
• *neh₂wis (“corpse”), *neh₂u- (“death; corpse”) - from the etymology of *nawiz
  • *nāw- (“the deceased, corpse”) - from the etymology of nēo
• *ned- - to tie together”
• *newd-
• *n̥h₃dós (“not biting, toothless”) - from the etymology of Ancient Greek νωδός (nōdós)
• *n̥kʷos - from the etymology of *-ungō

• *olbʰ-, *ol-, *el- - from the etymology of ողբ (ołb)

• ped-yōs
• *penkʷrós - see Old Norse fingr
• *perH- (“exchange”) - from the etymology of pār
• *perkʷunos - mentioned in Latvian pērkons
• *pers-ó-s
• *petwṓr - from the etymology of *fedwōr
• *peymen- (“girl”), *poymen- (“breast milk”)
• *pHu-tó- - Albanian fut, Serbo-Croatian pítati (“to ask”), Tocharian B putk- (“to divide, share”), Latin putāre (“to prune”).
• *pil- (“one string of hair”) - from the etymology of pilus
• *pípth₂- - from the etymology of πίπτω (píptō)
• *pleh₂k- or *pleh₂g-: Ancient Greek πλήσσω (plḗssō); Latin plangō, plēctō, plāga
• *pleyn- - from the etymology of flane
• *(s)plei- (“to divide, split, splice”) or *(s)pel- (“to divide, split, splice”)
• *plēy-, *plī-, *pʰel, *spʰel- - all from the etymology of glina
• *pl̥tro-
• *porgos - from the etymology of *porgъ
• *pósti - from the etymology of post
• *preysk- - see Norwegian Bokmål fersk
• *preyskos (“fresh, unsalted”) - see Proto-Germanic *friskaz
• *pri
• *pro
• *prō (“forward, in front of, before”)
• *promo- (“front, forth”) - see Old Norse framr
• *pŕ̥sos - from the etymology of *fursaz

• *rewh₁- (“open space, field”)
• Proto-Indo-European *sab- (“taste”)
• *sámh₂dʰos - from the etymology of *samdaz
• *sedéh₂yeti
• *seh₂yro (“hard, rough, painful”), whence English sorry, Scots sairie (“sad, grieved”), Saterland Frisian seerich (“sore, inflamed”), West Frisian searich (“sad, sorry”), Low German serig (“sick, scabby”), German dialectal sehrig (“sore, sad, painful”), Swedish sårig.
• *sem-h₂-lo- - from the etymology of ὁμαλός (homalós)
• *sǵʰ-h₃-léh₂ - from the etymology of σχολή (skholḗ)
• *skeg-, *skek- ("to jump; move")
• *(s)kep- to dig
• *skewbʰ-, whence Gothic 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌽 (afskiuban), German schieben, Old Norse skýfa, Sanskrit क्षुभ्यति (kṣubhyati), Proto-Slavic *skuti (Bulgarian скубя (skubja), Serbo-Croatian скупти/skupti, Russian скубти (skubti), Slovene oskubiti).
  • Kroonen suggests that this was originally *ksewbʰ-, based on the Sanskrit descendant.
• *(s)kews-, *(s)kew- (“cover, hide”) - from the etymology of *hūsą* *(s)keyt-, *(s)keydʰ- (“clear, bright, shining”) - from the etymology of *haiduz
• *(s)kewt- (“to deck; cover; covering; skin”)
• *skoy-tó-m
• *skūbʰ-
• *(s)kworstom or *(s)kworstos - from Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/kšwáršta
• *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”) - mentioned in German Leim
  • *(s)ley- (“to slip, slide, be slimy”), sometimes reconstructed *(s)leh₁y-, related to *sleydʰ- (“to slip, slide; to be slippery, slick”), and also to *(s)leyb(ʰ)- in Proto-West Germanic *slīpan (“to make smooth, whet”), *slipr (“slippery, smooth”), English slip (“mix of clay and water”, noun).
• *sl̥H-ik- (“willow”) - from the etymology of salix
• *sloyd- - from Polish ślad, related to forms like Proto-Indo-European *sloydʰ-u-s (o-grade), *slidʰ-u-s (zero-grade), from *sleydʰ- (“to slip, slide; to be slippery, slick”)
• *smeg- - from the etymology of *smakkuz
• *smē- - see Proto-Germanic *smikraz
• *smēk- - see Proto-Germanic *smēhaz
• *smēy- (“to cut, hew”), *smī- (“to cut, hew”)
• *smēyg- (“small, thin, delicate”) - see Old Norse smá

Proto-Indo-European *sm̥pótnih₂ (“co-wife”) - هوو in Persian

• *snop-
• Proto-Indo-European *solwo- (“sallow”) - هلونگ
• *som- - from the etymology of σύν (sún)
• *som-dʰh₁-ih₂, *somdʰh₁ih₂ - see Proto-Slavic *sǫdi
• *spre(n)ǵʰ- (“to move, race, spring”), from *sper- (“to jerk, twitch, snap, shove”).
• *stoh₂los
• *srowmos, *strow-mo-s - from the etymology of *straumaz
• *strebʰ-
• *suh₂kéh₂ - pig??? English hog, Persian خوک
• *s(w)ēd - from the etymology of se-

Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰh₁- (“custom, character, habit”) - from the etymology of ἔθος (éthos)

• *swel-, *sel- (“firewood, wood, beam”) - from the etymology of ὕλη (húlē)

Proto-Indo-European *swelḱs (“taste (sweet)”), Persian خوش, dialectal Polish haszaki "teeth"

• *swelplos (whence probably Latin sulfur), from the root *swel- (“to burn, smoulder”)
• *swem- - from several etymologies, like sund
• *sweyg- (“to bend, twist, turn (aside), sway, swerve, dodge”) - see Proto-Germanic *swiką; further descendants are Slovene švigati (“to fly rapidly”) and Slovak švihať (“to whack, beat”) and, according to Snoj, Tocharian B waike (“lie, untruth”)
• *swm̥tóm - from the etymology of *sundą

• *temh₂-, from which Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō), τμῆμα (tmêma), Latin temnō, etc.
  • De Vaan reconstructs this as *temh₁- instead. Can we tell which?
    • Doric perfects of τέμνω (témnō) have τετμα- (tetma-) (not sure if this is long or short). This could develop either *tmeh₂ > Doric long ᾱ and Attic-Ionic long η, or *tmh₂- > Attic, Ionic, and Doric short ᾰ. *tmh₁ or *tmeh₁- would yield τμε- (tme-) or τμη- (tmē-) in both Attic-Ionic and Doric. But variant form τετμη- (tetmē-) in Pindar, which confuses things. — Eru·tuon 20:29, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
• *temp- - synonym for *ten-
• *tenk- see dodcadchae
• *teng- (“to make wet”): Proto-Germanic *þunkōną, Latin tingō, Ancient Greek τέγγω (téngō, “to wet, moisten”).

Shouldn't we remove this bluelink? ~2025-37478-67 (talk) 23:50, 21 December 2025 (UTC)

• *(s)ter- (“rigid, erect”) or *(s)terh₁- (“to stiffen”)
• *tm̥-n-h₁- - from the etymology of τέμνω (témnō)
• *trāgʰ- (“to pull, drag, race, run”) and *trēkʰ-, *trakʰ- (“to run”) - all mentioned in Proto-Germanic *þragilaz
• *tregʰ- (“to drag, pull?”) - from the etymology of traho
• *tur-, *twer- (“to rotate, twirl, swirl, move”): English thurse, Sanskrit तुर (tura), German Turse, Old Norse þurs, Old Saxon thuris, Old High German duris, Proto-Germanic *þurisaz.
• *tyeh₂- (“to strike, hit”)
• *up- - see Danish ugle

• *wag- (“sheath, cover”) - from the etymology of vāgīna
• *wēbnom - from the etymology of *wēpną
• *werd- (“to blister”), Polish nadwyrężać, Proto-Slavic verdъ
• *wl̥deh₂
• *wokeh₂-
• *wolHt- - from the etymology of *walþuz
• *wos- - see Proto-Finnic *ostadak (“to buy”)
  • o-grade of *wes- --Tropylium (talk) 23:13, 18 January 2026 (UTC)

• *yewH- (“to mix”)
• *yewH-s- (“sap, juice, broth”), *yewH- (“to blend, mix (food), knead”) - from the etymology of Proto-Germanic *justaz

• *bʰew-, *dʰen-, *meldʰ-, *pleh₂k-, *(s)kep- "to hit, to strike" (synonyms)
• *h₃lem-, *(s)kep-, "to break" (synonyms)
• *ǵʰwel- *ger- *ley- *wenk- *werbʰ- "to bend" (synonyms)

• *-dʰlis - from the etymology of -bilis
• *-e-lós - from the etymology of -ulus
• *-gon-; cf. Proto-Germanic *-kô (suffix found in names of body parts), Armenian -կն, also present in Ancient Greek ὄκκον (ókkon, “eye”)
• *-iHwós - from the etymology of -ivus
• *-injo- - a suffix forming specific nouns and found in other Romano-Celtic placenames, an etymon among the line of the etymology of English London
• *-h₂yéti, *-(e)h₂yéti - from the etymology of *-ōną
• *-li- - from the etymology of -alis
• *-mno- adverbial formations
• *-mn̥teh₂ - from the etymology of -mentum
• *-nis - from the etymology of *-niz
• *-téh₂ - from the etymology of *-teh₂
• *-tor-s - from the etymology of -tor
• *-treh₂
• *-ts - from the etymology of *-teh₂ts

Shouldn't we remove this bluelink? ~2025-37478-67 (talk) 23:53, 21 December 2025 (UTC)

• *-yōn- suffix, related to -իւն
• *h₁eygʰ-