구
| ||||||||||
(see above for verbal suffixes)
| 구국굮굯군굱굲 굳굴굵굶굷굸굹 굺굻굼굽굾굿궀 궁궂궃궄궅궆궇 | |
| 교 ← | → 궈 |
|---|---|
Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Sino-Korean word from 九 (“nine”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku]
- Phonetic hangul: [구]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gu |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gu |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ku |
| Yale Romanization? | kwu |
Numeral[edit]
| 90 | ||
| ← 8 | 9 | 10 → |
|---|---|---|
| Native isol.: 아홉 (ahop) Native attr.: 아홉 (ahop) Sino-Korean: 구 (gu) Hanja: 九 Ordinal: 아홉째 (ahopjjae) | ||
- (Sino-Korean numeral) nine
Usage notes[edit]
In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.
Derived terms[edit]
- See the hanja entry at 九 for Sino-Korean compounds of 구 (九, gu).
Etymology 2[edit]
Sino-Korean word from 球 (“ball, sphere”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku]
- Phonetic hangul: [구]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gu |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gu |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ku |
| Yale Romanization? | kwu |
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- See the hanja entry at 球 for Sino-Korean compounds of 구 (球, gu).
See also[edit]
- 공 (gong, “ball”)
Etymology 3[edit]
Sino-Korean word from 舊 (“former, old”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [구(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gu |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gu |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ku |
| Yale Romanization? | kwū |
Determiner[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
- Before most common nouns, it is written without spaces as a prefix.
Derived terms[edit]
- See the hanja entry at 舊 for Sino-Korean compounds of 구 (舊, gu).
Etymology 4[edit]
Sino-Korean word from 區 (“area, district”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku]
- Phonetic hangul: [구]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gu |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gu |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ku |
| Yale Romanization? | kwu |
Noun[edit]
Coordinate terms[edit]
- (Administrative divisions of South Korea) 리(里) (ri), 동(洞) (dong), 면(面) (myeon), 읍(邑) (eup), 구(區) (gu), 군(郡) (gun), 시(市) (si), 도(道) (do)
Derived terms[edit]
- See the hanja entry at 區 for Sino-Korean compounds of 구 (區, gu).
Etymology 5[edit]
Sino-Korean word from 具 (“classifier for coffins, corpses”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku]
- Phonetic hangul: [구]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gu |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gu |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ku |
| Yale Romanization? | kwu |
Counter[edit]
- Used to count corpses.
Usage notes[edit]
- Usually takes native numerals.
Derived terms[edit]
- See the hanja entry at 具 for Sino-Korean compounds of 구 (具, gu).
Proper noun[edit]
- a surname
Etymology 6[edit]
Sino-Korean word from 口 (“mouth, hole”).
Counter[edit]
- (obsolete) Used to count family members.
Suffix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- See the hanja entry at 口 for Sino-Korean compounds of 구 (口, gu).
Etymology 7[edit]
Sino-Korean word from 俱 (“tool”).
Suffix[edit]
- tool for...
Derived terms[edit]
- See the hanja entry at 俱 for Sino-Korean compounds of 구 (俱, gu).
Etymology 8[edit]
Sino-Korean word from 溝.
Numeral[edit]
- (rare) the number 1032
Derived terms[edit]
- See the hanja entry at 溝 for Sino-Korean compounds of 구 (溝, gu).
Etymology 9[edit]
Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters.
Syllable[edit]
구 (gu)
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