九
Translingual
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Han character
九 (Kangxi radical 5, 乙+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大弓 (KN), four-corner 40017, composition ⿻丿㇈)
Derived characters
- 仇, 㕤, 扏, 氿, 肍, 朹, 犰, 䊵(𮉠), 訅, 䜪, 軌(轨), 㐜, 釚(𫟲), 骩, 鼽, 丸, 旭, 訄, 䧱, 虓, 頄(𬱓), 馗, 㐡, 㐤, 鳩(鸠), 勼, 宄, 尻, 旯, 㶢, 艽, 究, 㭝, 㐇, 卆, 厹, 叴, 旮, 杂, 䲥, 㔲, 抛, 亴
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 83, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 167
- Dae Jaweon: page 168, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 48, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4E5D
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
九 | |
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alternative forms | 玖 financial 𠔀 𢌬 𣲄 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Chinesische.Zahl.Neun.jpg)
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 九 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Pictogram (象形) – a stylized hand, with bent wrist/forearm (hence the hook stroke at lower right). Earlier forms resemble 手, 寸. The original meaning of the glyph was “elbow”, which is now written 肘 (OC *tkuʔ).
After the meaning “elbow” was forgotten, 九 was taken to symbolize a fist tightening to bump up against something; thus, there is a metaphorical bumping up of nine against ten, which is the last number when counting on one's fingers.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-kəw. Compare Tibetan དགུ (dgu).
Pronunciation
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Definitions
- nine
- 九九八十一。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
- From: “The Mnemonic of Multiplication”
- Jiǔ jiǔ bāshíyī. [Pinyin]
- Nine times nine is eighty-one.
- (figurative) many
- 九曲黃河萬里沙,浪淘風簸自天涯。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 822?, Liu Yuxi, “Ripples Sifting Sand”
- Jiǔ qū huánghé wàn lǐ shā, làng táo fēng bò zì tiānyá. [Pinyin]
- The Yellow River with its many twists and turns flows thousands of miles full of sand / Carried by its waves stirred up by the wind coming from a faraway land.
九曲黄河万里沙,浪淘风簸自天涯。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (weather) each of the nine nine-day periods from the winter solstice
- 一九二九不出手,三九四九冰上走。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
- From: “The Nine Nine-Day Periods Song”, a folk song
- Yī jiǔ èr jiǔ bù chū shǒu, sān jiǔ sì jiǔ bīng shàng zǒu. [Pinyin]
- In the first and the second nine-day period, one should not take out one's hand; / In the third and the fourth nine-day period, the ice is thick enough to stand.
- (Cantonese, euphemistic) Template:zh-synonym
See also
Chinese numbers | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 106 | 108 | 1012 | |
Normal (小寫/小写) |
〇, 零, 空 | 一, 蜀 | 二, 兩/两 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬/万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) |
百萬/百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines) |
億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
Financial (大寫/大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳/贰 | 參/叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸/陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 |
Compounds
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Descendants
Others:
- Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
Japanese
< 8 | 9 | 10 > |
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Cardinal : 九 | ||
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)←きう (kiu, historical)
- Kun: ここの (kokono, 九, Jōyō); ここのつ (kokonotsu, 九つ, Jōyō)
- Nanori: いちじく (ichijiku); いちのく (ichinoku); この (kono); ひさし (hisashi)
Compounds
- 九夏 (kyūka)
- 九官鳥 (kyūkanchō, “a mina or mynah bird”)
- 九牛一毛 (kyū gyū ichi mō, “nine cows one hair (a drop in the ocean)”)
- 九九 (kuku), 九々 (kuku, “Multiplication table”)
- 九月 (kugatsu, “September”)
- 九死 (kyūshi, “near death, nearly dead, a close shave”)
- 九州 (Kyūshū, “Kyushu”)
- 九重 (kokonoe)
- 九寸五分 (kusun gobu, “a short sword, a dagger”)
- 九星 (kyūsei)
- 九折 (kyūsetsu)
- 九泉 (kyūsen, “the nether world”)
- 九地 (kyūchi)
- 九天 (Kyūten, “Ninth Heaven (the highest of heavens)”)
- 九拝 (kyūhai)
- 九分 (kubu)
- 九輪 (kurin)
- 九六 (kunroku)
Etymology 1
From Early (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese. Goon, the initial reading when first borrowed into Japanese.
Pronunciation
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Alternative forms
Number
九 or 九 • (ku or numeral symbol) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|く]]
Noun
Coordinate terms
Japanese numbers | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
Regular | 零 (rei) 零 (zero) |
一 (ichi) | 二 (ni) | 三 (san) | 四 (yon) 四 (shi) |
五 (go) | 六 (roku) | 七 (nana) 七 (shichi) |
八 (hachi) | 九 (kyū) 九 (ku) |
十 (jū) |
Formal | 壱 (ichi) | 弐 (ni) | 参 (san) | 拾 (jū) | |||||||
90 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 800 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 100,000,000 | ||
Regular | 九十 (kyūjū) | 百 (hyaku) 一百 (ippyaku) |
三百 (sanbyaku) | 六百 (roppyaku) | 八百 (happyaku) | 千 (sen) 一千 (issen) |
三千 (sanzen) | 八千 (hassen) | 一万 (ichiman) | 一億 (ichioku) | |
Formal | 一萬 (ichiman) | ||||||||||
1012 | 8×1012 | 1013 | 1016 | 6×1016 | 8×1016 | 1017 | 1018 | ||||
一兆 (itchō) | 八兆 (hatchō) | 十兆 (jutchō) | 一京 (ikkei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
Etymology 2
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese. Kan'on, a later reading. Borrowed after palatalisation occurred in Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation
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Audio: (file)
Number
九 or 九 • (kyū or numeral symbol) ←きう (kiu)?[[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|きゅう]]
Noun
- nine
- an indeterminate large number, a myriad, a great many
- (divination) the number of yang, in opposition to 六 (roku, “six”) as the number of yin
Alternative forms
- (large number): 究
Etymology 3
From Old Japanese [Term?], from Proto-Japonic *kəkənə.
Pronunciation
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Number
九 or 九 • (kokono or numeral symbol) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|ここの]]
Etymology 4
/kokono/ → /kono/
Abbreviation of (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese kokono (“nine”).
Pronunciation
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Number
九 or 九 • (kono or numeral symbol) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|この]]
- nine
- ひい、ふう、みい、…なな、やあ、この、とお
- hī, fū, mī,…nana, yā, kono, tō
- one, two, three, ... seven, eight, nine, ten
- ひい、ふう、みい、…なな、やあ、この、とお
Alternative forms
Usage notes
Generally only used when counting out loud, as in the example above. In writing, usually found spelled out in hiragana as この to make the reading unambiguous.
References
- The Japan Times (March 17, 2010). You can count on the tales behind number-kanji. Accessed March 23, 2010.
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 九 (MC kjuwX). Recorded as Middle Korean 구 (kwu) (Yale: kwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
- 구경 (九卿, gugyeong)
- 구경 (九經, gugyeong)
- 구계 (九界, gugye)
- 구곡 (九穀, gugok)
- 구덕 (九德, gudeok)
- 구동 (九冬, gudong)
- 구륜 (九輪, guryun)
- 구사 (九思, gusa)
- 구십 (九十, gusip)
- 구월 (九月, guwol)
- 구족 (九族, gujok)
- 구중 (九重, gujung)
- 구천 (九天, gucheon)
- 구천 (九泉, gucheon)
- 십구 (十九, sipgu)
- 중구 (重九, junggu)
- 구관조 (九官鳥, gugwanjo)
- 구미호 (九尾狐, gumiho)
- 정구품 (正九品, jeonggupum)
- 종구품 (從九品, jonggupum)
- 일세구천 (一歲九遷, ilsegucheon)
- 일월구천 (一月九遷, irwolgucheon)
- 일일구천 (一日九遷, irilgucheon)
Etymology 2
Hanja
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
Han character
九: Hán Việt readings: cửu[1][2]
九: Nôm readings: cửu[1][3][4]
References
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin terms with quotations
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- zh:Weather
- Cantonese Chinese
- Chinese euphemisms
- Chinese cardinal numbers
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese first grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading く
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading きゅう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading きう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ここの
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ここの・つ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading いちじく
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading いちのく
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading この
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひさし
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 九
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- ja:Numbers
- Japanese terms with audio links
- ja:Divination
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese basic words
- Japanese numeral symbols
- Japanese numerals
- ja:Nine
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Korean terms with archaic senses
- Korean numeral symbols
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom