衝

See also: 冲

Translingual

Han character

衝 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹人竹土弓 (HOHGN), four-corner 2110₄, composition ⿲彳重亍)

Derived characters

• 𧁬

Related characters

• 冲 (Simplified Chinese) - Note: also the simplified form of 沖

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1110, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34069
• Dae Jaweon: page 1574, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 843, character 2
• Unihan data for U+885D

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Chinese

trad.		衝
simp.		冲*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 衝
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
撞	*rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
幢	*rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
橦	*rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇	*rdoːŋ
𩪘	*rdoːŋ
艟	*rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
憧	*rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
畽	*tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ
董	*toːŋʔ
蕫	*toːŋʔ, *doːŋ
箽	*toːŋʔ
懂	*toːŋʔ
湩	*toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈	*tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童	*doːŋ
僮	*doːŋ
瞳	*doːŋ
罿	*doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
犝	*doːŋ
潼	*doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
穜	*doːŋ, *doŋ
動	*doːŋʔ
慟	*doːŋs
堹	*toŋs
諥	*toŋs
蹱	*tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重	*doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟	*doŋ, *doŋs
蝩	*doŋ
褈	*doŋ, *tʰjoŋ
鐘	*tjoŋ, *tjoŋ
鍾	*tjoŋ
籦	*tjoŋ
種	*tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs
腫	*tjoŋʔ
踵	*tjoŋʔ
歱	*tjoŋʔ
喠	*tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ
偅	*tjoŋs
衝	*tʰjoŋ
揰	*tʰjoŋs
尰	*djoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjoŋ) : semantic 行 + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chōng (chong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cong¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chong
    • Wade–Giles: chʻung¹
    • Yale: chūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
    • Palladius: чун (čun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cung¹
    • Yale: chūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: cung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
    • Tâi-lô: tshiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰoŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyhowng

Rime
Character	衝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尺容切
Baxter	tsyhowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰuawŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰioŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰoŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjoŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	衝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chōng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhowng ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰoŋ/
English	rush against
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	衝
Reading #	1/1
No.	17478
Phonetic component	重
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	𧘂
Old Chinese	/*tʰjoŋ/
Notes	說文中從童通作此

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 衝

1. to go straight ahead; to rush; to charge; to dash
   • 衝進／冲进  ―  chōngjìn  ―  break in, burst in, force into

   • 荷槍實彈的士兵穿過林區衝了上來。 [MSC, trad.]
     荷枪实弹的士兵穿过林区冲了上来。 [MSC, simp.]

     Hèqiāngshídàn de shìbīng chuānguò línqū chōng le shànglái. [Pinyin]

     Soldiers came charging through the forest, guns at the ready.

   • 當門被再次猛地推開時，她衝了出去。 [MSC, trad.]
     当门被再次猛地推开时，她冲了出去。 [MSC, simp.]

     Dāng mén bèi zàicì měngde tuīkāi shí, tā chōng le chūqù. [Pinyin]

     She burst out as the door was flung open again.

   • 一個漂亮的小女孩從樓梯上衝下來。 [MSC, trad.]
     一个漂亮的小女孩从楼梯上冲下来。 [MSC, simp.]

     Yī ge piàoliang de xiǎonǚhái cóng lóutī shàng chōng xiàlái. [Pinyin]

     A pretty young girl came hurtling down the stairs.

2. to clash; to collide
   • 衝擊／冲击  ―  chōngjī  ―  attack, shock
   • 衝撞／冲撞  ―  chōngzhuàng  ―  to collide
   • 衝突／冲突  ―  chōngtū  ―  conflict, collision of interest
3. thoroughfare; important place
   • 要衝／要冲  ―  yàochōng  ―  road hub, major crossroad

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chòng (chong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiòng / chhèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cong³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chòng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻung⁴
    • Yale: chùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chonq
    • Palladius: чун (čun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cung³
    • Yale: chung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng / chhèng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiòng / tshìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chioxng, zhexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ¹¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

Note:

• chhiòng - literary;
• chhèng - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: cong³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshòng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰoŋ²¹³/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 衝

1. to face
2. to punch; to stamp
   • 衝壓／冲压  ―  chòngyā  ―  to stamp, to press (sheet metal)
   • 字母衝／字母冲  ―  zìmǔchòng  ―  letter punch
3. powerful; vigorous
4. pungent; (of smell) strong
5. towards; at; to

   • 她很難相信這個問題是衝她來的。 [MSC, trad.]
     她很难相信这个问题是冲她来的。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā hěn nán xiāngxìn zhè ge wèntí shì chòng tā lái de. [Pinyin]

     She could hardly believe the question was directed towards her.

   • 他衝服務員招了招手，服務員就急忙跑到桌邊。 [MSC, trad.]
     他冲服务员招了招手，服务员就急忙跑到桌边。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā chòng fúwùyuán zhāo le zhāoshǒu, fúwùyuán jiù jímáng pǎo dào zhuō biān. [Pinyin]

     He waved at the waiter, who rushed to the table.

6. in view of

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Japanese

Kanji

衝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: しゅ (shu)^{←しゆ (syu, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しよう (syou, historical)}
• Kun: つく (tsuku, 衝く)

Noun

衝(しょう) • (shō) 

1. opposition (planets)

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Korean

Hanja

衝 • (chung, jong) (hangeul 충, 종, revised chung, jong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ung, chong, Yale chwung, cong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 衝 (xung, giong, tông, xong, xông, xúng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.