青
|
|
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Stroke order (Japan) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
青 (Kangxi radical 174, 靑+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手一月 (QMB), four-corner 50227, composition ⿱龶月)
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/靑
- 倩, 凊, 啨, 埥, 婧, 崝, 情, 掅, 清, 猜, 晴, 腈, 棈, 𭴼, 睛, 碃, 精, 綪(𬘬), 蜻, 請(请), 錆(锖), 郬, 寈, 菁, 箐, 圊
Related characters
- 靑 (Orthodox form in Kangxi dictionary, preferred form in Korean hanja)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1381, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42564
- Dae Jaweon: page 1893, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4046, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9752
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 青 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
猜 | *sʰlɯː |
輤 | *sʰleːns |
綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
棈 | *sʰleːns |
蒨 | *sʰeːns |
篟 | *sʰeːns |
生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
牲 | *sreŋ |
笙 | *sreŋ |
甥 | *sreŋ |
鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
珄 | *sreŋ |
鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
狌 | *sreŋ |
眚 | *sreŋʔ |
貹 | *sreŋs |
崝 | *zreːŋ |
精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
清 | *sʰleŋ |
圊 | *sʰleŋ |
請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
凊 | *sʰleŋs |
䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
靚 | *zleŋs |
情 | *zleŋ |
晴 | *zleŋ |
夝 | *zleŋ |
靜 | *zleŋʔ |
靖 | *zleŋʔ |
睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
性 | *sleŋs |
姓 | *sleŋs |
靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
青 | *sʰleːŋ |
靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
胜 | *sleːŋ |
曐 | *sleːŋ |
星 | *sleːŋ |
鮏 | *sleːŋ |
腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
鯹 | *seːŋ |
醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
篂 | *seːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 生 (“growth of plants”) + 丹 (“cinnabar”). Cinnabar was used for dyeing, and by extension, came to imply “color” in general, giving the combined meaning “color of growing plants” → “blue-green”.
In the modern glyph, the top component is reduced to 龶, and the bottom component resembles the unrelated 月 (“moon”).
The second-round simplified form of the character is based on the calligraphic form of the character.
Etymology 1
trad. | 青/靑 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 青 | |
2nd round simp. | 𰀈 | |
alternative forms |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, “green; blue”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”). Note 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ) may be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 245: Invalid syllable: 1qin. Wugniu expected, but another romanisation is supplied.
Definitions
- blue-green; blue (of sky, stone etc.); green (of grass, plants, mountain etc.)
- blue-green ("grue")-colored items
- black (of hair, cloth, silk thread etc.)
- (Southern Min) green
- 青紅燈/青红灯 [Hokkien] ― chheⁿ-âng-teng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― traffic light
- young; adolescent
- Short for 青年 (qīngnián).
- (literary, obsolete) east
- (literary, obsolete) spring
- Short for 青海 (Qīnghǎi, “Qinghai Province”).
- a surname
Usage notes
The meaning for “blue” and “black” is more commonly used in Classical Chinese, while in modern Chinese, the meaning for “green” is more common. In fact, 青 covered both green and blue ("grue") until modern times. For example, 青山綠水 (“hill or water green in color”), 青蘋果 (“green apple”). However, there are still some expressions for the meaning of blue, e.g. 青天 (“blue sky”), 青出於藍 (“blue comes from indigo; someone performing better than their teacher”)
In Cantonese, the use of 青 to mean “black” is still used in circumstances where to use 黑 (hak1) would be inauspicious, as it is a near-homophone of 乞 (hat1, “beggar”). For example, 黑衣 (hak1 ji1) used to describe clothing would be a near-homophone of both beggar and a beggar's garment.
See also
Compounds
Descendants
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jing
- Wade–Giles: ching1
- Yale: jīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zing1
- Yale: jīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzing1
- Guangdong Romanization: jing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
- Template:zh-alt form
- Used in 青青 (qīngqīng).
Etymology 2
trad. | 青 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 青 |
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiⁿ
Definitions
- (Hokkien) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 鮮/鲜 (chhiⁿ).
References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04499
- “青”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #4515”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
青 | |
靑 |
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō †)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Sō-on: しい (shii)
- Kun: あお (ao, 青, Jōyō)←あを (awo, 青, historical)、あおい (aoi, 青い, Jōyō)←あをい (awoi, 青い, historical)、さお (sao, 青)←さを (sawo, 青, historical)
- Nanori: お (o)、きよ (kiyo)、はる (haru)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
青 |
あお Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
靑 (kyūjitai) |
/sawo/ (uncertain, may be compound as opposed to root) → /awo/ → /ao/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *awo.[1]
Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an -s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier form (sawo), or if this was an addition for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 雨 (ame, “rain”, becoming same in old compounds) and 稲 (ine, “rice”, becoming shine in old compounds).
Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix ㅅ (-s-) used to mark possession; compare German -s-.
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
- blue
- one of three primary colors
- a shade of blue to blue green
- (dated) green
- 青林檎
- ao ringo
- green apple
- 青林檎
- Short for 青信号 (ao-shingō): green light (traffic light color, as the color of plants)
- Antonym: 赤 (aka)
- the black, bluish color of a horse's hair; also, such a horse
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 39:[3]
- Auo. アヲ (青) 馬の毛色で, 全体に黒くて青みがあり, 両耳の内側に多少白いところのあるもの. この部分の毛も他の部分と同じようにすっかり黒い時には, Curo(黒)と呼ばれる.
- Synonym: 青毛 (aoge)
- (card games) Short for 青短, 青丹 (aotan): one of the three hanafuda cards bearing a blue 短冊 (tanzaku, “narrow card used for poetry”); a 役 (yaku) of the three aotan cards, worth 3 points
- (card games) a blue card in 天正カルタ (Tenshō karuta)
- Short for 青本 (aohon): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
. - Short for 青銭 (aosen): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Derived terms
Proverbs
- 青は藍より出でて藍より青し (ao wa ai yori idete ai yori aoshi)
See also
白 (shiro) | 灰色 (haiiro), 鼠色 (nezumiiro) (dated) |
黒 (kuro) |
赤 (aka); 深紅 (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅色 (beniiro), 紅色 (kurenaiiro), 茜色 (akaneiro) |
オレンジ (orenji), 橙色 (daidaiiro); 茶色 (chairo), 褐色 (kasshoku) |
黄色 (kiiro); クリーム色 (kurīmuiro) |
黄緑 (kimidori) | 緑 (midori), 青 (ao) (dated) |
若緑 (wakamidori) |
シアン (shian); 鴨の羽色 (kamo no hane iro) | 水色 (mizuiro) | 青 (ao) |
菫色 (sumireiro); 藍色 (aiiro), インジゴ (injigo) |
マゼンタ (mazenta), 赤紫 (akamurasaki); 紫 (murasaki) |
ピンク (pinku), 桃色 (momoiro) |
Prefix
Derived terms
Proper noun
- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
青 |
せい Grade: 1 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
靑 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 青 (MC tsheng).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
Proper noun
- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
青 |
しい Grade: 1 |
sōon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
靑 (kyūjitai) |
Unknown. The reading might be an obscure term from Old Japanese or dialect. The use of the character 青 arises from its 宋音 (sōon, “Song-dynasty pronunciation”).[4]
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
- (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a weasel, and is said to have lived in present-day Fukuoka and Yamaguchi prefectures
- (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a wolf, and is said to have appeared around Mount Yoshino
References
- ^ Thomas Pellard. Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
- ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
- ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
青 (eumhun 푸를 청 (pureul cheong))
References
- Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 42. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
References
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Radicals Supplement block
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Southern Min Chinese
- Hokkien terms with usage examples
- Chinese short forms
- Chinese literary terms
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Chinese surnames
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 青
- Hokkien lemmas
- Hokkien hanzi
- Chinese adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Hokkien Chinese
- Hokkien terms with quotations
- zh:Blues
- zh:Greens
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese first grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しやう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading せい
- Japanese kanji with sōon reading しい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あお
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading あを
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あお・い
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading あを・い
- Japanese kanji with kun reading さお
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading さを
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading お
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading きよ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はる
- Japanese terms spelled with 青 read as あお
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms historically spelled with を
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 青
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese short forms
- ja:Card games
- Japanese prefixes
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese given names
- Japanese female given names
- Japanese surnames
- Japanese terms spelled with 青 read as せい
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms spelled with 青 read as しい
- Japanese terms read with sōon
- Japanese terms with unknown etymologies
- Japanese terms with rare senses
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- ja:Mythology
- ja:Blues
- ja:JLPT-5
- ja:Greens
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters