起

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起 U+8D77, 起
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D77
← 赶
[U+8D76] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 赸 →
[U+8D78]
起 U+2F9D7, 起
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D7
← 贛
[U+2F9D6] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𧼯 →
[U+2F9D8]

Translingual

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Stroke order
10 strokes
Stroke order
Traditional 起
Simplified 起
Japanese 起
Korean 起

Alternative forms

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The component in the top right corner is written as 巳 according to Hong Kong and Taiwan standards and 己 according to the writing standards of mainland China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam.

Han character

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起 (Kangxi radical 156, 走+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 土人口山 (GORU) or 土人尸山 (GOSU), four-corner 47801, composition ⿺走巳(HT) or ⿺走己(GJKV))

Descendants

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Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1215, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37048
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1683, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3476, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8D77

Chinese

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trad. 起
simp. # 起
alternative forms 𨑖
𡆡

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 起
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (巳) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
巳 *ljɯʔ, *lɯs
祀 *ljɯʔ
汜 *ljɯʔ
戺 *zrɯʔ
起 *kʰɯʔ
熙 *qʰlɯ
媐 *qʰlɯ, *lɯ
圯 *lɯ
异 *lɯ, *lɯs
巸 *lɯ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰɯʔ) : semantic 走 + phonetic 巳 (OC *ljɯʔ, *lɯs).

Etymology

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Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kyi (“to lift, raise, awake”); cognate with Burmese ချီ (hkyi, “to lift”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 起
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 墟里切
Baxter khiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰɨX/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiəX/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hei2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 起
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khiX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qʰ(r)əʔ/
English rise (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 起
Reading # 1/1
No. 12011
Phonetic
component 		巳
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		起
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰɯʔ/
Notes 說文巳聲非己聲

Definitions

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起

  1. to rise; to go up; to move up
  2. to stand up; to rise
  3. to break out; to grow
  4. to start; to begin; to become; to take
  5. to initiate; to instigate; to trigger off
  6. (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min, Pinghua, Wu, Xiang) to construct; to build
    起緊嘅線路／起紧嘅线路 [Cantonese]  ―  hei2 gan2 ge3 sin3 lou6 [Jyutping]  ―  routes currently being built
    呢棟樓係新起嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢栋楼系新起嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 dung6 lau4-2 hai6 san1 hei2 ge3. [Jyutping]
    This building is new.
  7. to prepare; to draw up; to come up with
  8. to extract; to pull out; to remove
    螺絲起子／螺丝起子  ―  luósī qǐzi  ―  screwdriver
    起骨 [Cantonese]  ―  hei2 gwat1 [Jyutping]  ―  to debone
  9. (Hokkien, Teochew) to board; to get on (a vehicle)
  10. (in 從/由……起 structures) from
  11. and above; at least; from
    新款iPhone售價5999元起。／新款iPhone售价5999元起。  ―  Xīnkuǎn iPhone shòujià 5999 yuán qǐ.  ―  The new iPhone is priced from ¥5999.
  12. particle placed after verbs to indicate upward movement; ... up
    拿起  ―  náqǐ  ―  to pick up; to lift
  13. particle placed after verbs to indicate the beginning of a continued action
  14. (used with 不 or 得 after verbs) up to a certain standard; to be able to stand or afford
    我買得起車，但買不起房。 [MSC, trad.]
    我买得起车，但买不起房。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ mǎi dé qǐ chē, dàn mǎi bù qǐ fáng. [Pinyin]
    I can afford to buy a car, but not a house.
  15. particle placed after verbs to indicate the involvement of a person or thing in the action
  16. Classifier for incidents and legal cases.
  17. Classifier for batches or groups.

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 上 (“to go up; to ascend”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 上
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 上
Taiwan 上
Malaysia 上
Singapore 上
Cantonese Guangzhou 上
Hong Kong 上
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 上
Singapore (Guangfu) 上
Southern Min Xiamen 𬦰, 上, 起
Quanzhou 𬦰, 上, 起
Jinjiang 𬦰
Zhangzhou 𬦰, 上, 起
Tainan 上, 起
Penang (Hokkien) 起
Singapore (Hokkien) 起
Manila (Hokkien) 𬦰
Chaozhou 起
Shantou 上, 起
Singapore (Teochew) 起
Wenchang 上
Qionghai 上
Singapore (Hainanese) 上
Wu Shanghai 上
Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蓋
Taiwan 蓋
Harbin 蓋
Singapore 建
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 蓋
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 蓋
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 蓋
Xi'an 蓋
Xining 蓋
Xuzhou 起
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 蓋
Lanzhou 蓋
Ürümqi 蓋, 起
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 修, 起
Guiyang 起, 修
Liuzhou 起
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 蓋, 造
Yangzhou 蓋
Cantonese Guangzhou 起
Hong Kong 起
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 起
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 起
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 起
Taishan 起
Dongguan 起
Rongxian 起
Hepu (Lianzhou) 起
Hepu (Shatian) 做
Guiping 起
Guiping (Mule) 起, 整
Pingnan 起
Guigang (Gangcheng) 起
Guigang (Pingdong) 起
Beihai 起
Beihai (Nankang) 起
Beihai (Yingpan) 起
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 起, 做
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 起
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 做
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 起, 搭
Singapore (Guangfu) 起
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 起
Móng Cái 起
Bangkok (Guangfu) 起
Betong (Rongxian) 起
Gan Nanchang 起
Lichuan 做
Pingxiang 起
Hakka Meixian 起, 做
Yudu 做
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 起
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 起
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 起
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 起
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 起
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 起
Hong Kong 起
Senai (Huiyang) 起
Huizhou Jixi 起
Jin Taiyuan 蓋
Xinzhou 蓋
Northern Min Jian'ou 開
Eastern Min Fuzhou 起
Matsu 起
Southern Min Xiamen 起
Quanzhou 起
Zhangzhou 起
Tainan 起
Singapore (Hokkien) 起
Chaozhou 起
Shantou 起
Jieyang 起
Bangkok (Teochew) 起
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 起
Hat Yai (Teochew) 起
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 起
Singapore (Teochew) 起
Leizhou 作
Haikou 作
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 起
Wu Shanghai 造
Shanghai (Chongming) 造, 起
Suzhou 造
Danyang 砌
Hangzhou 造
Ningbo 起
Jinhua 起
Xiang Changsha 起
Loudi 起
  • (classifier for legal cases): 宗 (zōng), 樁／桩 (zhuāng)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 起
Kyūjitai
[1]
起󠄁
起+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
起󠄃
起+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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起

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. to rise, to wake up
  2. to rise, to stand up

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
起
き
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 起 (MC khiX).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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起(き) • (ki) 

  1. to rise; to get up; to stand up
  2. to start; to begin; to cause; to bring about
  3. origin; cause; beginning

References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2040 (paper), page 1072 (digital)

Korean

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Hanja

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起 (eumhun 일어날 기 (ireonal gi))

  1. hanja form? of 기 (“to rise, to wake up”)

Compounds

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Kunigami

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Kanji

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起

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Miyako

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Kanji

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起

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Okinawan

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Kanji

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起

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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起: Hán Nôm readings: khởi, khỉ

  1. To start something
  2. To stand up

Yaeyama

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Kanji

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起

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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起

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

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