別

See also: 别

Translingual

Han character

別 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口尸中弓 (RSLN), four-corner 6220₀, composition ⿰𠮠刂)

Derived characters

• 捌

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1924
• Dae Jaweon: page 312, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 328, character 13
• Unihan data for U+5225

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Chinese

trad.		別
simp.		别*
alternative forms		𠛰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 別
Shang	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (别) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
捌	*preːd, *praːd
哵	*preːd
別	*pred, *bred
莂	*pred

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冎 (“bone”) + 刂 (“knife”) – to cut up bone and flesh.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 八 (OC *preːd, “to divide; to differentiate”), 列 (OC *red), 裂 (OC *red).

Mei (2008) proposes that the intransitive sense "to leave, to part" (with voiced initial *b- in Middle Chinese) is primary and that the transitive sense "to discriminate, to discriminate" (with voiceless initial *p-) is derived from the intransitive sense with the Old Chinese causative prefix *s-, resulting in a devoicing effect: *s-b- > *s-p- > *p-; compare 黑 (OC *s-mək, “black”) from 墨 (OC *mək, “ink”). On the other hand, Sagart and Baxter (2012) consider the intransitive sense to be derived from the transitive sense (*pret) by prefixation of *N-, resulting in a voicing effect: *N-p- > *N-b- > *b-; compare 敗 (OC *N-pˤrat-s, “to suffer defeat”) from 敗 (OC *pˤrat-s, “to defeat”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): bié (bie²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄝˊ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бә (bə, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bit⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phe̍t
• Northern Min (KCR): piĕ / bie̿
• Eastern Min (BUC): bĕk / biék / biĕk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pa̍t / pat / pia̍t / piat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): biêg⁸ / biag⁸ / bag⁸

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁸beq; ⁸biq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bié
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bié
    • Wade–Giles: pieh²
    • Yale: byé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bye
    • Palladius: бе (be)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi̯ɛ³⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бә (bə, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pə²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bit⁶
    • Yale: biht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bit⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: bid⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piːt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phe̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: ped
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ped⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰet̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: piĕ / bie̿
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiɛ²⁴/, /piɛ³³/

Note: bie̿ - “other”.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bĕk / biék / biĕk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛiʔ⁵/, /piɛʔ²⁴/, /pieʔ⁵/

Note:

• bĕk - vernacular (“other; different”);
• biék - “to distinguish”;
• biĕk - literary (“to leave; another”).

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pa̍t / pat / pia̍t / piat
    • Tâi-lô: pa̍t / pat / pia̍t / piat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pat, pad, piat, piad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pat̚⁴/, /pat̚³²/, /piɛt̚⁴/, /piɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pat̚²⁴/, /pat̚⁵/, /piɛt̚²⁴/, /piɛt̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pat̚¹²¹/, /pat̚³²/, /piɛt̚¹²¹/, /piɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pat̚⁴/, /pat̚³²/, /piɛt̚⁴/, /piɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pat̚⁴/, /pat̚³²/, /piɛt̚⁴/, /piɛt̚³²/

Note:

• pa̍t - vernacular (“other”);
• pat - vernacular (“to know; to be used to”, also written as 捌 (bā));
• pia̍t - literary (“to separate; to leave; surname in Mainland”);
• piat - literary (“to distinguish; to interpret; surname in Taiwan”).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: biêg⁸ / biag⁸ / bag⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pie̍k / pia̍k / pa̍k
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piek̚⁴/, /piak̚⁴/, /pak̚⁴/

Note:

• biêg8 - Chaozhou;
• biag8 - Shantou;
• bag8 - “other”.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁸beq; ⁸biq
    • MiniDict: beh^入; bih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵beq; ⁵biq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bəʔ¹²/, /biɪʔ¹²/

Note:

• 5beq - vernacular;
• 5biq - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: bjet, pjet

Rime
Character	別	別
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	薛 (83)	薛 (83)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	皮列切	方别切
Baxter	bjet	pjet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiᴇt̚/	/pˠiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiɛt̚/	/pᵚiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biæt̚/	/piæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biat̚/	/piat̚/
Li Rong	/bjɛt̚/	/pjɛt̚/
Wang Li	/bĭɛt̚/	/pĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ɛt̚/	/pi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bié	bie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bit6	bit3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-pret/, /*pret/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bred/, /*pred/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	別	別
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bié	bié
Middle Chinese	‹ bjet ›	‹ pjet ›
Old Chinese	/*N-pret/	/*pret/
English	be separated (intr.)	separate (tr.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	別	別
Reading #	2/2	1/2
No.	821	820
Phonetic component	别	别
Rime group	月	月
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	别	䇷
Old Chinese	/*bred/	/*pred/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 別

1. ^† to cut apart; to divide up
2. to divide; to separate
3. to distinguish; to differentiate; to discriminate

   區別／区别  ―  qūbié  ―  difference; to distinguish

4. distinction; difference; contrast
5. group; class; kind
6. to leave; to part
7. to see someone off
8. to pin; to clip
9. to turn; to change
10. to stick something in; to bolt
11. (Southern Min) to interpret (one's fortune); to predicate

    See also: 逼

    別籤詩／别签诗 [Hokkien]  ―  piat chhiam-si [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to interpret lottery poetry (poetry associated with fortune sticks)

12. another; other

    • 不要探聽別人的事。 [MSC, trad.]
      不要探听别人的事。 [MSC, simp.]

      Bùyào tàntīng biérén de shì. [Pinyin]

      Don't pry into other people's affairs.

    • 既然我們已經溫習夠了，不如做別的事情吧。 [MSC, trad.]
      既然我们已经温习够了，不如做别的事情吧。 [MSC, simp.]

      Jìrán wǒmen yǐjīng wēnxí gòu le, bùrú zuò bié de shìqíng ba. [Pinyin]

      Since we've studied enough, let's do something else.

13. special; unique; peculiar; particular
14. misspelled; erroneous
15. besides; in addition
16. by oneself; on one's own; separately
17. had better not; do not; don't

    別去！／别去！  ―  Bié qù!  ―  Don't go!

    • 請別在這裡拍照。 [MSC, trad.]
      请别在这里拍照。 [MSC, simp.]

      Qǐng bié zài zhèlǐ pāizhào. [Pinyin]

      Please do not take photos here.

    • 別忘了在你的信上貼張郵票。 [MSC, trad.]
      别忘了在你的信上贴张邮票。 [MSC, simp.]

      Bié wàng le zài nǐ de xìn shàng tiē zhāng yóupiào. [Pinyin]

      Don't forget to put a stamp on your letter.

18. particle used with 是 after it to express supposition, often an imagined unfavourable scenario
19. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		勿, 莫1, 毋, 無
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		別, 不要, 勿, 別要 chiefly Hong Kong
Mandarin	Beijing	別, 別價
	Taiwan	別, 不要
	Harbin	別
	Yantai (Muping)	別
	Jinan	別, 別價, 甭價, 不要
	Luoyang	嫑, 甭1, 休
	Wanrong	嫑, 不要
	Xi'an	嫑, 不敢
	Lanzhou	不要
	Xining	嫑
	Ürümqi	嫑
	Wuhan	莫1, 不
	Chengdu	莫1, 不要, 嫑
	Guiyang	不要
	Guilin	莫1
	Liuzhou	莫1, 莫要
	Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	莫1
	Xuzhou	嫑, 休
	Yangzhou	莫1, 不要
	Nanjing	不要
	Hefei	別, 不要
	Malaysia	不要
	Singapore	不要
Cantonese	Guangzhou	咪, 咪個, 唔好
	Hong Kong	咪, 唔好, 冇
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	唔好
	Macau	唔要
	Foshan (Shunde)	咪
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	咪
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	唔好
	Taishan	唔好
	Kaiping (Chikan)	唔好
	Dongguan	咪, 唔好
	Shaoguan	咪
	Yunfu	咪, 唔好
	Yangjiang	莫1, 無好
	Xinyi	毛
	Lianjiang	冇
	Nanning	冇要
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	咪
	Singapore (Guangfu)	咪, 唔好
Gan	Nanchang	莫1
	Lichuan	毋要, 不要
	Pingxiang	不要
Hakka	Meixian	莫1, 毋愛, 毋好
	Xingning	毋愛
	Huidong (Daling)	毋好
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	毋好
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	毋好
	Changting	毋要
	Liancheng	毋要
	Ninghua	毋要
	Yudu	毋要, 毋敢
	Ruijin	毋要
	Shicheng	毋要
	Shangyou (Shexi)	毋要
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	毋好
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	毋好
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	毋好
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	毋好
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	毋好
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	毋好
	Hong Kong	毋好
	Sabah (Longchuan)	毋愛
	Senai (Huiyang)	毋好
	Kuching (Hepo)	唔愛
Huizhou	Jixi	不要, 嫑
	Shexian	不要, 嫑
	Tunxi	不要, 嫑
Jin	Taiyuan	不要, 不敢
	Xinzhou	不要, 嫑, 播
Northern Min	Jian'ou	伓敢, 伓讓, 毋
	Pucheng (Shibei)	伓敢
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	伓通, 毋
	Fuqing	伓通
	Matsu	毋
Southern Min	Xiamen	毋通, 毋愛, 莫2, 𱰠, 莫用
	Quanzhou	毋通, 毋愛, 甭2, 莫用
	Zhangzhou	毋通, 莫2, 甭2, 𱰠, 莫用
	Zhao'an	孬
	Taipei	莫2
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	莫去
	Kaohsiung	莫2
	Yilan	毋通, 莫2
	Changhua (Lukang)	莫2
	Tainan	莫2, 甭2
	Penang (Hokkien)	莫2, 毋通, 甭2
	Singapore (Hokkien)	莫2, 毋通, 甭2
	Manila (Hokkien)	毋通, 甭2
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	別
	Chaozhou	孬, 莫2
	Shantou	孬, 莫2
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	莫2
	Haifeng	莫2
	Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew)	孬
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	孬
	Penang (Teochew)	莫2
	Singapore (Teochew)	莫2, 孬
	Leizhou	無地
	Haikou	無用, 莫2, 無莫
	Qionghai	無用
	Singapore (Hainanese)	無用
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	冇要
Wu	Shanghai	勿要, 𧟰
	Shanghai (Chongming)	拗
	Suzhou	𧟰
	Wuxi	𧟰
	Haimen	拗, 拗要, 弗要
	Danyang	弗要, 𫸻
	Hangzhou	嫑
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	弗要, 消, 𧟰
	Ningbo	莫, 甮
	Wenzhou	𧟰
	Lishui	⿰毋樂
	Qingyuan	⿰否樂
	Jinhua	𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
Xiang	Changsha	莫1, 不要
	Loudi	不要, 莫1
	Shuangfeng	莫1
	Quanzhou	別

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 別 – see 彆 (“to make someone change their opinion; to dissuade”). (This character is a variant form of 彆).

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

別

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: べち (bechi)
• Kan-on: へつ (hetsu)
• Kan’yō-on: べつ (betsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: わかれる (wakareru, 別れる, Jōyō); わける (wakeru, 別ける); わかれ (wakare)

Compounds

• 別(べつ)案(あん) (betsuan)
• 別(べっ)格(かく) (bekkaku)
• 別(べっ)館(かん) (bekkan)
• 別(べっ)件(けん) (bekken)
• 別(べっ)個(こ) (bekko)
• 別(べつ)字(じ) (betsuji)
• 別(べっ)所(しょ) (bessho)

• 別(べっ)称(しょう) (besshō)
• 別(べっ)荘(そう) (bessō)
• 別(べっ)宅(たく) (bettaku)
• 別(べっ)天(てん)地(ち) (bettenchi)
• 別(べっ)途(と) (betto)
• 別(べっ)当(とう) (bettō)
• 別(べっ)府(ぷ) (beppu)

• 別(べっ)嬪(ぴん) (beppin)
• 別(べつ)離(り) (betsuri)
• 鑑(かん)別(べつ)所(しょ) (kanbetsusho)
• 区(く)別(べつ) (kubetsu)
• 個(こ)別(べつ) (kobetsu)
• 離(り)別(べつ) (ribetsu)

Adjective

別(べつ) • (betsu) -na (adnominal 別(べつ)な (betsu na), adverbial 別(べつ)に (betsu ni))

1. different, separate, another

Inflection

Inflection of 別

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	別だろ	べつだろ	betsu daro
Continuative (連用形)	別で	べつで	betsu de
Terminal (終止形)	別だ	べつだ	betsu da
Attributive (連体形)	別な	べつな	betsu na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	別なら	べつなら	betsu nara
Imperative (命令形)	別であれ	べつであれ	betsu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	別ではない 別じゃない	べつではない べつじゃない	betsu de wa nai betsu ja nai
Informal past	別だった	べつだった	betsu datta
Informal negative past	別ではなかった 別じゃなかった	べつではなかった べつじゃなかった	betsu de wa nakatta betsu ja nakatta
Formal	別です	べつです	betsu desu
Formal negative	別ではありません 別じゃありません	べつではありません べつじゃありません	betsu de wa arimasen betsu ja arimasen
Formal past	別でした	べつでした	betsu deshita
Formal negative past	別ではありませんでした 別じゃありませんでした	べつではありませんでした べつじゃありませんでした	betsu de wa arimasen deshita betsu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	別で	べつで	betsu de
Conditional	別なら（ば）	べつなら（ば）	betsu nara (ba)
Provisional	別だったら	べつだったら	betsu dattara
Volitional	別だろう	べつだろう	betsu darō
Adverbial	別に	べつに	betsu ni
Degree	別さ	べつさ	betsusa

Adverb

別(べつ) or 別(adverb) • (betsu or adverb) [[Category:Japanese
|へつ']]

1. not particularly; not specially (used with a negative verb)

Derived terms

• 別(べつ)に (betsu ni)

Noun

別(べつ) • (betsu) 

1. difference, another, exception

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Korean

Hanja

別 (eum 별 (byeol))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

別: Hán Nôm readings: biệt, biết, bét, bết, bệt, bịt, bẹt, bít

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.