陰

See also: 阴, 隂, and 侌

Translingual

Han character

陰 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人戈戈 (NLOII), four-corner 7823₁, composition ⿰阝侌)

Derived characters

• 𠽛, 𣼩, 廕(𫷮), 癊, 蔭(荫)

Related characters

• 阴 (Simplified form of 陰)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1353, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41691
• Dae Jaweon: page 1855, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4138, character 5
• Unihan data for U+9670

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Chinese

trad.		陰
simp.		阴
alternative forms		侌 𠆭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貪	*kʰl'uːm
嗿	*l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋	*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓	*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠	*qʰɯːm
谽	*qʰɯːm
唅	*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含	*ɡɯːm
肣	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨	*ɡɯːm
梒	*ɡɯːm
鋡	*ɡɯːm
莟	*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀	*ɡɯːms
浛	*ɡɯːms
盦	*qɯːm, *qaːb
韽	*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪	*krɯːm
妗	*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦	*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐	*ɡram
鳹	*ɡram
雂	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念	*nɯːms
梣	*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔	*sɢrɯm
岑	*sɡrɯm
笒	*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔	*sɡrɯm
侺	*ɡjɯms
今	*krɯm
黅	*krɯm
衿	*krɯm
衾	*kʰrɯm
坅	*kʰrɯmʔ
搇	*kʰrɯms
琴	*ɡrɯm
禽	*ɡrɯm
芩	*ɡrɯm
庈	*ɡrɯm
耹	*ɡrɯm
靲	*ɡrɯm
擒	*ɡrɯm
檎	*ɡrɯm
紟	*ɡrɯms
吟	*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡	*ŋɡrɯm
廞	*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰	*qrɯm
霠
飲	*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭	*qrɯms
廕	*qrɯms
矜	*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r(u/i)m (“dark; shade; dusk; twilight”); compare Tibetan རུམ (rum, “darkness”), Jingpho rim (“to be dusk”) (Benedict, 1972; Bodman, 1980; STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) compares it instead to Burmese အုံ့ (um., “to become overcast”), Adi mugyum (“shade; shadow”), Lepcha [script needed] (so-dyŭm, “shade”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yīn (yin¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йин (yin, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jam¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yîm
• Northern Min (KCR): éng
• Eastern Min (BUC): ĭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): im / iam

  (Teochew, Peng'im): im¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹in

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yin
    • Wade–Giles: yin¹
    • Yale: yīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: in
    • Palladius: инь (inʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йин (yin, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jam¹
    • Yale: yām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîm
    • Hakka Romanization System: im^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /im²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîm
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)im^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)im²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: éng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /eiŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: im / iam
    • Tâi-lô: im / iam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ym, iafm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /im⁴⁴/, /iam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /im³³/, /iam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /im⁴⁴/, /iam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /im⁴⁴/, /iam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /im⁴⁴/, /iam⁴⁴/

Note:

• im - literary;
• iam - vernacular (limited, e.g. 半陰陽).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: im¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: im
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /im³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹in
    • MiniDict: in^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹in
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: 'im

Rime
Character	陰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於金切
Baxter	'im
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjim/
Li Rong	/ʔjəm/
Wang Li	/ĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jam1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*q(r)um/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	陰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yīn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔim ›
Old Chinese	/*q(r)um/
English	dark
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	陰
Reading #	1/1
No.	6623
Phonetic component	今
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	音
Old Chinese	/*qrɯm/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 陰

1. cloudy; overcast
2. dark
3. ^† hidden; secret
4. ^† negative
5. ^† the Moon
6. shade; shadow
7. (philosophy) "female" principle; yin in yin-yang
8. (Cantonese) bangs; fringe
9. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   好哇，你敢跟我玩兒陰的！ [MSC, trad.]
   好哇，你敢跟我玩儿阴的！ [MSC, simp.]

   Hǎo wa, nǐ gǎn gēn wǒ wánr yīn de! [Pinyin]

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

10. (dialectal) to deceive; to trick; to trap

    我今兒個讓人給陰了。 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
    我今儿个让人给阴了。 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]

    Wǒ jīnrge ràng rén gěi yīn le. [Pinyin]

    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

11. genitalia (of humans)

    • 大陰人嫪毐 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      大阴人嫪毐 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

      dàyīnrén Lào Ǎi [Pinyin]

      Lao Ai of the large penis

12. north side of mountain or south side of river

Antonyms

• 陽／阳 (yáng, “yang”)

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

陰

(Jōyō kanji)

1. hidden
2. dark
3. negative

Readings

• Go-on: おん (on)^{←おん (on, historical)←おむ (omu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: いん (in, Jōyō)^{←いん (in, historical)←いむ (imu, ancient)}
• Kun: かげ (kage, 陰, Jōyō); かげる (kageru, 陰る, Jōyō); くらい (kurai, 陰い); ほと (hoto, 陰)

Compounds

Compounds

• 陰(いん)鬱(うつ) (in'utsu)
• 陰(いん)影(えい) (in'ei)
• 陰(いん)画(が) (inga, “negative photograph”)
• 陰(いん)核(かく) (inkaku, “clitoris”)
• 陰(いん)茎(けい) (inkei, “penis”)
• 陰(いん)唇(しん) (inshin, “labia”)
• 陰(いん)梃(てい) (intei, “clitoris”)
• 陰(いん)嚢(のう) (innō, “scrotum”)
• 陰(いん)部(ぶ) (inbu, “genital area”)
• 陰(いん)裂(れつ) (inretsu, “pudendal cleft”)
• 陰(いん)気(き) (inki)
• 陰(いん)極(きょく) (inkyoku)
• 陰(いん)険(けん) (inken)
• 陰(いん)湿(しつ) (inshitsu)
• 陰(いん)性(せい) (insei)
• 陰(いん)電(でん)子(し) (indenshi)
• 陰(いん)徳(とく) (intoku)
• 陰(いん)謀(ぼう) (inbō)
• 会(え)陰(いん) (ein, “perineum”)
• 陰(おん)陽(みょう) (onmyō)
• 陰(おん)陽(みょう)五(ご)行(ぎょう) (onmyō gogyō)
• 陰(おん)陽(みょう)師(じ) (onmyōji) a Yin-Yang Master
• 陰(おん)陽(みょう)道(どう) (onmyōdō) "The Way of Yin & Yang"
• 陰(かげ)口(ぐち) (kageguchi)
• 日(ひ)陰(かげ) (hikage)

Synonyms

• 阴

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
陰
かげ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Noun

陰(かげ) • (kage) 

1. shadow, shade

   木(き)の陰(かげ)

   ki no kage

   a shadow of a tree

2. hidden side

   陰(かげ)で動(うご)き回(まわ)る

   kage de ugoki mawaru

   maneuver in a hidden side

   陰(かげ)の支(し)配(はい)者(しゃ)

   kage no shihaisha

   a hidden ruler

See also

• 影(かげ) (kage)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
陰
いん Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Middle Chinese 陰 (ʔˠiɪm).

Affix

陰(いん) • (in) 

1. shade; shadow
2. shadow of the sun; (figuratively) time
3. secret; unknown
4. genitalia
5. negative; “female”; quiescent; minus
6. (philosophy) yin
7. north side of mountain; south side of water
8. the moon

Noun

陰(いん) • (in) 

1. (philosophy) yin
2. (literary) shady area; (陰に) in the shade; secretly; in private

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
陰
ほと Grade: S
kun'yomi

/hoto₂/: *[potə] → [ɸoto] → [hoto]. As indicated in the Wamyōshō citation, /to₂/ may be related to 処 (/to₁/, “place, location”), but the phonological difference can not be explained. Perhaps related to Korean 보지 (poji, “vagina”).

Noun

陰(ほと) • (hoto) 

1. female genitalia
   • 712, Kojiki

     因生此子、美蕃登此三字以音。見灸而病臥在。

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 712, Kojiki

     逆剥天斑馬剥而、所墮入時、天服織女見驚而、於梭衝陰上而死。訓陰上云富登。

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (by extension) male genitalia
   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 2, pages 44-45:

     陰 釋名云、陰、今案玉茎玉門等通稱也 [...] 原書無其字按神代紀、「陰訓保止、保是含包之言、即所謂在陰翳之義、止、處也」 [...]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• べべ (bebe)
• へへ (hehe)
• まんこ (manko)
• みと (mito)
• おまんこ (omanko)
• おめこ (omeko)
• おそそ (ososo)
• つび (tsubi)

References

• Kurano, Kenji with Yūkichi Takeda (712) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Kojiki, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1958, →ISBN, page 224
• Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

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Korean

Alternative forms

• 隂

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 陰 (MC 'im). Recorded as Middle Korean 隂/음 (um) (Yale: um) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

陰 (eumhun 그늘 음 (geuneul eum))

1. hanja form^? of 음 (“dark; shady”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 음각 (陰刻, eumgak)
• 음경 (陰莖, eumgyeong, “penis”)
• 음계 (陰界, eumgye)
• 음극 (陰極, eumgeuk)
• 음기 (陰氣, eumgi)
• 음낭 (陰囊, eumnang)
• 음덕 (陰德, eumdeok)
• 음력 (陰曆, eumnyeok)
• 음렬 (陰裂, eumnyeol, “pudendal cleft”)
• 음모 (陰毛, eummo)
• 음모 (陰謀, eummo)
• 음문 (陰門, eummun)
• 음밀 (陰密, eummil)
• 음복 (陰伏, eumbok)
• 음부 (陰部, eumbu)
• 음사 (陰事, eumsa)
• 음사 (陰私, eumsa)
• 음선 (陰線, eumseon)
• 음성 (陰性, eumseong)
• 음수 (陰數, eumsu)
• 음순 (陰脣, eumsun, “labia”)
• 음실 (陰室, eumsil)
• 음암 (陰暗, eumam)
• 음애 (陰崖, eumae)
• 음양 (陰陽, eumyang)
• 음영 (陰影, eumyeong)
• 음우 (陰佑, eumu)
• 음울 (陰鬱, eumul)
• 음전 (陰電, eumjeon)
• 음조 (陰助, eumjo)
• 음지 (陰地, eumji)
• 음침 (陰沈, eumchim)
• 음풍 (陰風, eumpung)
• 음해 (陰害, eumhae)
• 음핵 (陰核, eumhaek)
• 음허 (陰虛, eumheo)
• 음험 (陰險, eumheom)
• 음흉 (陰凶, eumhyung)
• 광음 (光陰, gwang'eum)
• 녹음 (綠陰, nogeum)
• 농음 (濃陰, nong'eum)
• 비음 (碑陰, bieum)
• 야음 (夜陰, ya'eum)
• 양음 (涼陰, yang'eum)
• 자음 (滋陰, ja'eum)
• 장음 (廧陰, jang'eum)
• 촌음 (寸陰, choneum)
• 춘음 (春陰, chuneum)
• 태음 (太陰, taeeum)
• 호음 (沍陰, ho'eum)
• 회음 (會陰, hoeeum, “perineum”)
• 음경골 (陰莖骨, eumgyeonggol)
• 음양가 (陰陽家, eumyangga)
• 음전기 (陰電氣, eumjeon'gi)
• 음전자 (陰電子, eumjeonja)
• 대음순 (大陰脣, daeeumsun)
• 소음순 (小陰脣, so'eumsun)
• 태음력 (太陰曆, taeeumnyeok)

Etymology 2

Related to Middle Chinese 闇 (MC 'omH, “dark; gloomy”).

Hanja

陰 (eumhun 침묵할 암 (chimmukhal am))

1. (archaic) hanja form^? of 암 (“to be silent”)

Synonyms

• 噤 (금 (geum))
• 喑 (음 (eum))

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Okinawan

Kanji

陰 (hiragana ほー, romaji hō)

Compounds

• 陰目 (ほーみー, hōmī, “vagina”)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 陰 (hoto).

Noun

陰 (hiragana ほー, romaji hō)

1. female genitalia

References

• Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 陰 (âm, ơm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• âm lịch (陰曆, “lunar calendar”)
• hội âm (會陰, “perineum”)