非
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]非 (Kangxi radical 175, 非+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 中一尸卜 (LMSY) or 中一卜卜卜 (LMYYY), four-corner 11111, composition ⿰⿰三丨⿰丨三(G) or ⿰⿰⿱𠄟㇀丿⿰丨三(HTK) or ⿰⿻⿰𠄟丿㇀⿰丨三(J) or ⿰⿰三丿⿰丨三(V))
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/非
- 俳, 陫, 排, 啡, 徘, 猅, 渄, 悱, 婔, 𨓿, 㫵, 琲, 棑, 毴, 𩇭, 𤊬, 𤗋, 腓, 𤾅, 𥇪, 𪿨, 𥟍, 裶, 𥺘, 緋(绯), 𦖕, 𦩋, 𧍃, 誹(诽), 䠊, 輫, 𮤁, 𡳕, 䤵, 𩋂, 𩎻, 馡, 𡁭, 騑(𬴂), 鯡(鲱), 𪁹, 𬚀
- 剕, 𤿻, 䫍, 𪂞, 𡔭, 𡨰, 菲, 暃, 𣔉, 𭽜, 𥦯, 罪, 𦋛, 𫅪, 𬜞, 𧇁, 霏, 𮫊, 韭, 㐟, 𡌦, 奜, 婓, 𫸝, 𭣻, 棐, 㹃, 猆, 𤦅, 㻗, 𬐤, 𥇖, 𮀦, 𥺟, 斐, 悲, 裴, 蜚, 翡, 輩(辈), 𨛬, 餥, 𪂏, 𧓊, 𧕿, 裵, 䥆, 匪, 厞, 屝, 扉, 痱, 𬏿, 𨵈
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1382, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42585
- Dae Jaweon: page 1894, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4086, character 1
- Unihan data for U+975E
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 非 | |
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simp. # | 非 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 非 | ||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
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Old Chinese | |
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啡 | *pʰɯːlʔ |
排 | *brɯːl |
俳 | *brɯːl |
輫 | *brɯːl, *buːl |
悲 | *prɯl |
棑 | *breː, *brɯːls |
輩 | *puːls |
裴 | *buːl, *bɯl |
徘 | *buːl |
琲 | *buːlʔ |
痱 | *buːlʔ, *pɯds, *bɯl, *bɯls |
非 | *pɯl |
扉 | *pɯl |
緋 | *pɯl |
猆 | *pɯl |
斐 | *pɯl, *pʰɯlʔ |
馡 | *pɯl |
騑 | *pɯl, *pʰɯl |
誹 | *pɯl, *pɯlʔ, *pɯls |
餥 | *pɯl, *pɯlʔ |
匪 | *pɯlʔ |
棐 | *pɯlʔ |
蜚 | *pɯlʔ, *bɯls |
篚 | *pɯlʔ |
榧 | *pɯlʔ |
鯡 | *pɯls |
霏 | *pʰɯl |
菲 | *pʰɯl, *pʰɯlʔ, *bɯls |
婔 | *pʰɯl |
裶 | *pʰɯl |
悱 | *pʰɯlʔ |
奜 | *pʰɯlʔ |
腓 | *bɯl, *bɯls |
陫 | *bɯlʔ |
屝 | *bɯls |
厞 | *bɯls |
翡 | *bɯls |
Pictogram (象形) - two wings facing opposite directions, meaning "not".
Etymology
[edit]非 (OC *pɯj) is the fusion of the negation particle 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) and the copula 惟 (OC *ɢʷi, “to be”), attested in oracle bone inscriptions.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fei1
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): hĭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1fi
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄟ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fei
- Wade–Giles: fei1
- Yale: fēi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fei
- Palladius: фэй (fɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /feɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fei1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fei
- Sinological IPA (key): /fei⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fei1
- Yale: fēi
- Cantonese Pinyin: fei1
- Guangdong Romanization: féi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fei̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fi³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fî
- Hakka Romanization System: fiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fi1
- Sinological IPA: /fi²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /hi⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: pj+j
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*pəj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pɯl/
Definitions
[edit]非
- not be; is not; not
- 非常 ― fēicháng ― unusual
- 臣弒其君,子弒其父,非一朝一夕之故。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
- Chén shì qí jūn, zǐ shì qí fù, fēi yīzhāoyīxī zhī gù. [Pinyin]
- The murder of a ruler by his minister, or of his father by a son, is not the result of the events of one morning or one evening.
臣弑其君,子弑其父,非一朝一夕之故。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to run counter to; to not conform to
- 非法 ― fēifǎ ― illegal
- 子曰:「非禮勿視,非禮勿聽,非禮勿言,非禮勿動。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Fēilǐ wù shì, fēilǐ wù tīng, fēilǐ wù yán, fēilǐ wù dòng.” [Pinyin]
- The Master replied, "Look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to propriety."
子曰:「非礼勿视,非礼勿听,非礼勿言,非礼勿动。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (logic) NOT
- wrong; incorrect
- 是非 ― shìfēi ― right and wrong
- to reproach; to blame
- 為上則不能愛下,為下則好非其上,是人之一必窮也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
- Wéi shàng zé bùnéng ài xià, wéi xià zé hào fēi qí shàng, shì rén zhī yī bì qióng yě. [Pinyin]
- If, as a superior he cannot love his subordinates, or if, as a subordinate, he likes to reproach his superiors — this is the first case in which a person is sure to suffer.
为上则不能爱下,为下则好非其上,是人之一必穷也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (colloquial) Used to insist on something. to have got to; to simply must
- Short for 非洲 (Fēizhōu, “Africa”).
- 北非 ― běifēi ― North Africa
- (~母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 非 (MC pj+j)
Compounds
[edit]- 一表非俗
- 一表非凡
- 並非/并非 (bìngfēi)
- 人事全非
- 人我是非
- 人非人
- 人非木石
- 人非物換/人非物换
- 今是昨非
- 今非昔比 (jīnfēixībǐ)
- 以古非今
- 似懂非懂 (sìdǒngfēidǒng)
- 似是而非 (sìshì'érfēi)
- 分辨是非
- 北非 (Běifēi)
- 北非諜影/北非谍影
- 南非 (Nánfēi)
- 口是心非 (kǒushìxīnfēi)
- 向非
- 吠非其主
- 啼笑皆非 (tíxiàojiēfēi)
- 固非
- 塔非亞酒/塔非亚酒
- 大是大非 (dàshìdàfēi)
- 大言非夸
- 好丹非素
- 姦非/奸非
- 孟非斯
- 學非所用/学非所用
- 安非他命 (ānfēitāmìng)
- 尋事生非/寻事生非 (xúnshìshēngfēi)
- 尋是尋非/寻是寻非
- 引人非議/引人非议
- 得意非凡
- 心謗腹非/心谤腹非
- 情非得已 (qíngfēidéyǐ)
- 惹事招非
- 惹事生非 (rěshìshēngfēi)
- 想入非非 (xiǎngrùfēifēi)
- 惹是招非
- 惹是生非 (rěshìshēngfēi)
- 所嫁非人
- 所託非人/所托非人 (suǒtuōfēirén)
- 才非玉潤/才非玉润
- 扯是搬非
- 扭是為非/扭是为非
- 招是惹非
- 招是攬非/招是揽非
- 拒諫飾非/拒谏饰非
- 挑撥是非/挑拨是非
- 掠是搬非
- 掩罪飾非/掩罪饰非
- 搬弄是非 (bānnòngshìfēi)
- 搬是造非
- 撥弄是非/拨弄是非
- 文過遂非/文过遂非
- 文過飾非/文过饰非 (wénguòshìfēi)
- 斷非/断非
- 明辨是非 (míngbiànshìfēi)
- 是古非今
- 是是非非 (shìshìfēifēi)
- 是非 (shìfēi)
- 是非不分 (shìfēibùfēn)
- 是非之地
- 是非之心
- 是非人我
- 昨非今是 (zuófēijīnshì)
- 是非分明 (shìfēifēnmíng)
- 是非善惡/是非善恶
- 是非堆
- 是非得失
- 是非曲直 (shìfēiqūzhí)
- 是非題/是非题 (shìfēití)
- 是非顛倒/是非颠倒 (shìfēidiāndǎo)
- 是非黑白 (shìfēihēibái)
- 未可厚非
- 本非
- 東非/东非 (Dōngfēi)
- 橫禍非災/横祸非灾
- 止暴禁非
- 死於非命/死于非命 (sǐyúfēimìng)
- 泥古非今
- 泛非
- 混淆是非
- 為非作歹/为非作歹 (wéifēizuòdǎi)
- 無事生非/无事生非 (wúshìshēngfēi)
- 無可厚非/无可厚非 (wúkěhòufēi)
- 無可非議/无可非议 (wúkěfēiyì)
- 無是無非/无是无非
- 無非/无非 (wúfēi)
- 物是人非 (wùshìrénfēi)
- 狗吠非主
- 獄貨非寶/狱货非宝
- 生非作歹
- 用非其人
- 用非所學/用非所学
- 痛悔前非
- 痛改前非 (tònggǎiqiánfēi)
- 痛滌前非/痛涤前非
- 直斥其非 (zhíchìqífēi)
- 積非成是/积非成是 (jīfēichéngshì)
- 答非所問/答非所问 (dáfēisuǒwèn)
- 絕非/绝非 (juéfēi)
- 習非/习非
- 習非勝是/习非胜是
- 習非成是/习非成是 (xífēichéngshì)
- 胡作非為/胡作非为 (húzuòfēiwéi)
- 若非 (ruòfēi)
- 苟非
- 莫非 (mòfēi)
- 蘧瑗知非
- 西非 (Xīfēi)
- 說是談非/说是谈非
- 論列是非/论列是非
- 護過飾非/护过饰非
- 豈非/岂非 (qǐfēi)
- 貌是情非
- 貧非病/贫非病
- 赤道非洲
- 身價非凡/身价非凡
- 身非木石
- 農轉非/农转非
- 迥非
- 錯非/错非
- 閑是閑非/闲是闲非
- 除非 (chúfēi)
- 非一
- 非七真
- 非人 (fēirén)
- 非人不傳/非人不传
- 非他
- 非但 (fēidàn)
- 非俗
- 非冀
- 非凡 (fēifán)
- 非凡氣魄/非凡气魄
- 非分 (fēifèn)
- 非同兒戲/非同儿戏
- 非同容易
- 非同尋常/非同寻常
- 非同小可 (fēitóngxiǎokě)
- 非命 (fēimìng)
- 非塑性
- 非子
- 非定命論/非定命论
- 非導體/非导体
- 非常 (fēicháng)
- 非常上訴/非常上诉
- 非常之事
- 非常之人
- 非常之功
- 非常審判/非常审判
- 非常時期/非常时期 (fēicháng shíqī)
- 非常總統/非常总统
- 非徒
- 非得 (fēiděi)
- 非惟
- 非意
- 非愚則誣/非愚则诬
- 非意相干
- 非我
- 非我族類,其心必異/非我族类,其心必异 (fēiwǒzúlèi, qíxīnbìyì)
- 非戰公約/非战公约
- 非才
- 非據/非据
- 非攻
- 非昔是今
- 非時/非时
- 非時之物/非时之物
- 非書資料/非书资料
- 非有先生
- 非望
- 非核武區/非核武区
- 非正式 (fēizhèngshì)
- 非死即傷/非死即伤 (fēisǐjíshāng)
- 非毀/非毁
- 非母語人士/非母语人士 (fēi-mǔyǔ rénshì)
- 非比尋常/非比寻常
- 非池中物 (fēichízhōngwù)
- 非法 (fēifǎ)
- 非法勾當/非法勾当
- 非法性
- 非法行事
- 非法行為/非法行为
- 非洲 (Fēizhōu, “Africa”)
- 非洲綠猴/非洲绿猴
- 非洲菊
- 非洲菫/非洲堇
- 非洲象 (Fēizhōu xiàng)
- 非洲鼓
- 非淺/非浅
- 非災/非灾
- 非無/非无
- 非熊
- 非熊賣屠/非熊卖屠
- 非熊非羆/非熊非罴
- 非特
- 非獨/非独 (fēidú)
- 非理就終/非理就终
- 非生物界
- 非異人任/非异人任 (fēiyìrénrèn)
- 非病原菌
- 非發光體/非发光体
- 非禮/非礼 (fēilǐ)
- 非空
- 非笑 (fēixiào)
- 非細/非细
- 非羆/非罴
- 非聖/非圣
- 非肥皂
- 非草書/非草书
- 非親非故/非亲非故 (fēiqīnfēigù)
- 非言
- 非計/非计
- 非訟事件/非讼事件 (fēisòng shìjiàn)
- 非語/非语
- 非論/非论 (fēilùn)
- 非議/非议 (fēiyì)
- 非賣品/非卖品 (fēimàipǐn)
- 非軍事區/非军事区 (fēijūnshìqū)
- 非金屬/非金属 (fēijīnshǔ)
- 非鐵金屬/非铁金属
- 非難/非难 (fēinàn)
- 非非 (fēifēi)
- 非非想 (fēifēixiǎng)
- 非類/非类 (fēilèi)
- 非類相從/非类相从
- 非驢非馬/非驴非马 (fēilǘfēimǎ)
- 非鴉非鳳/非鸦非凤
- 面目全非 (miànmùquánfēi)
- 韓非/韩非
- 韓非子/韩非子 (Hán Fēizǐ)
- 頌古非今/颂古非今 (sònggǔfēijīn)
- 頓悟前非/顿悟前非
- 顛倒是非/颠倒是非 (diāndǎoshìfēi)
- 飾非/饰非 (shìfēi)
- 飾非拒諫/饰非拒谏
- 飾非文過/饰非文过 (shìfēiwénguò)
- 飾非遂過/饰非遂过
- 齊大非偶/齐大非偶 (qídàfēi'ǒu)
- 齊大非耦/齐大非耦
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “非”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]非
Readings
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit](accent only applies as a noun)
Prefix
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 非情 (hijō): heartlessness
- 非常口 (hijōguchi): emergency exit
- 非常 (hijō): emergency, extraordinary, unusual
- 非難 (hinan): criticize, blame, reproach
- 非行 (hikō): delinquency, misconduct
Noun
[edit]- evil, wrong, wrongdoing
- Antonym: 是 (ze)
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 非 (MC pj+j). Recorded as Middle Korean 비 (pi) (Yale: pi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (in 비단 (非但, bidan)):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pi]
- Phonetic hangul: [비]
- (not; un-; in-; non-; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pi(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [비(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 是非 (thị phi)
- 除非 (trừ phi)
- 非利潤 (phi lợi nhuận)
- 非常 (phi thường)
- 非政府 (phi chính phủ)
- 非法 (phi pháp)
References
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- Japanese fifth grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ひ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ひ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading それる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading そし・る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あら・ず
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese prefixes
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 非
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese nouns
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- CJKV radicals