夢
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Translingual
| Japanese | 夢 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 梦 |
| Traditional | 夢 |
Alternative forms
Note that in Taiwan and Hong Kong, the character is written with 卝 on top instead of 艹, as found in the Kangxi dictionary. Traditionally, the character is listed under the radical 夕 (sunset). However, in simplified Chinese and Japanese dictionaries, the character may be listed under the radical 艹 (grass) as the 卝 (crown/hairstyle) component has been simplified to 艹.
Han character
夢 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿田中弓 (TWLN), four-corner 44207, composition ⿳𦭝冖夕(GJKV) or ⿱⿳卝罒冖夕(HT))
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 247, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5801
- Dae Jaweon: page 492, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 864, character 19
- Unihan data for U+5922
Chinese
| trad. | 夢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 梦 | |
| alternative forms | 夣 瞢 㝱 𡬌 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 夢 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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In the Oracle bone script, a pictogram (象形) or ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – a person (人) lying on a bed (爿), sometimes with restless hands (compare the oracle-bone character for 丮) and sometimes with the eye (目) emphasized.
In the Bronze inscriptions, the eye (目) has eyebrows above it (compare 眉), and the person's body is attached underneath, now written as two dots on either side. The bed is no longer present, and instead 夕 (“moon; night”) has been added.
In the modern form 夢, the eyebrows are written 卝, the eyes are written 罒, and the person's body has become 冖, while 夕 remains on the bottom.
According to Shuowen, it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs) : phonetic 瞢 (OC *mɯːŋ, *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs) + semantic 夕.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(s/r)-ma(ŋ/k) (“dream”); compare Tibetan རྨང་ལམ (rmang lam, “dream”), Chepang माङः (“dream”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *s-makᴴ ~ *s-maŋ¹ (“dream”), Mizo mang (“dream”), Japhug tɯ-jmŋo (“dream”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).
Pronunciation
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Definitions
- dream (Classifier: 場／场 m c mn; 個／个 m c mn)
- 美夢／美梦 ― měimèng ― good dream
- 夢魘／梦魇 ― mèngyǎn ― nightmare
- 做夢／做梦 ― zuòmèng ― to dream
- 發夢／发梦 [Cantonese] ― faat3 mung6 [Jyutping] ― to dream
- 我尋晚發咗個夢，係關於你嘅。喺夢裡面我見到你同我一齊健身。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- ngo5 cam4 maan5 faat3 zo2 go3 mung6, hai6 gwaan1 jyu1 nei5 ge3. hai2 mung6 leoi5 min6 ngo5 gin3 dou3-2 nei5 tung4 ngo5 jat1 cai4 gin6 san1. [Jyutping]
- This morning I had a dream about you. In the dream, I saw you working out with me.
我寻晚发咗个梦，系关于你嘅。喺梦里面我见到你同我一齐健身。 [Cantonese, simp.]
- 其民不食不衣而多眠，五旬一覺，以夢中所為者實，覺之所見者妄。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Liezi, 1st – 5th century CE
- Qí mín bù shí bù yì ér duōmián, wǔ xún yī jué, yǐ mèng zhōng suǒwéi zhě shí, jué zhī suǒjiàn zhě wàng. [Pinyin]
- Its people do not eat or wear clothing, sleep a lot, and awaken every fifty days. They think what they do in dreams are real, and what they see while awake illusory.
其民不食不衣而多眠，五旬一觉，以梦中所为者实，觉之所见者妄。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to dream; to have dreams
- 晝則呻呼而即事，夜則昏憊而熟寐。精神荒散，昔昔夢為國君。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Liezi, 1st – 5th century CE
- Zhòu zé shēnhū ér jíshì, yè zé hūnbèi ér shúmèi. Jīngshén huāngsǎn, xīxī mèng wéi guójūn. [Pinyin]
- By day he moans and pants at his labour, and by night, exhausted, he descends into fast slumber. As his mind drifts away, each night he dreams of becoming a monarch.
昼则呻呼而即事，夜则昏惫而熟寐。精神荒散，昔昔梦为国君。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (figurative) dream; aspiration; ambition; goal
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 夢 (“dream”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 夢 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 夢 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 夢 |
| Singapore | 夢 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 夢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 夢 |
| Wanrong | 夢 | |
| Xi'an | 睡夢 | |
| Xining | 夢 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 睡夢 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 夢 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 夢 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 夢 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 夢 |
| Hong Kong | 夢 | |
| Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) | 夢 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 夢 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 夢 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 夢 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 夢 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 夢 |
| Quanzhou | 夢 | |
| Jinjiang | 夢 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 夢 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 夢 |
| Wenzhou | 夢 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 夢, 南柯子 euphemistic |
| Xiangxiang | 夢 | |
Compounds
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Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: méng
- Wade–Giles: mêng2
- Yale: méng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meng
- Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɤŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mung4
- Yale: mùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: mung4
- Guangdong Romanization: mung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: mjuwng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*mɯŋ/
Definitions
- † muddled
- 民今方殆，視天夢夢。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Mín jīn fāng dài, shì tiān méngméng. [Pinyin]
- The people now amidst their perils,
Look to Heaven, all dark.
民今方殆，视天梦梦。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
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References
- “夢”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
夢
Readings
- Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
- Kun: ゆめ (yume, 夢, Jōyō)←ゆめ (yume, 夢, historical)←いめ (ime, いめ, ancient)、ゆめみる (yumemiru, 夢みる)、くらい (kurai, 夢い)
Compounds
Compounds
- 夢境 (mukyō)
- 夢幻 (mugen)
- 夢魂 (mukon)
- 夢死 (mushi)
- 夢相 (musō)
- 夢想 (musō)
- 夢中 (muchū)
- 夢裏 (muri)
- 悪夢 (akumu)
- 淫夢 (inmu)
- 快夢 (kaimu)
- 怪夢 (kaimu)
- 槐夢 (kaimu)
- 客夢 (kakumu)
- 吉夢 (kichimu)
- 凶夢 (kyōmu)
- 郷夢 (kyōmu)
- 虚夢 (kyomu)
- 残夢 (zanmu)
- 実夢 (jitsumu)
- 春夢 (shunmu)
- 瑞夢 (zuimu)
- 酔夢 (suimu)
- 性夢 (seimu)
- 占夢 (senmu)
- 痴夢 (chimu)
- 昼夢 (chūmu)
- 迷夢 (meimu)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 夢 |
| ゆめ Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
⟨i me2⟩ → */jiməɨ/ → /jɨme/ → /jume/
Appears in texts from the 900s.[1]
Shift from Old Japanese 夢 (ime2), itself a compound of 寝 (i, “sleep, sleeping”, obsolete) + 目 (me, “eye; sight, vision”).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
Noun
- a dream
- 1989 November 10 [1988 May 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “夢カメラ [Dream Camera]”, in 征地球論 [A Debate over Conquering Earth] (藤子・Ｆ・不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 3), 2nd edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 275:
- これはなんです！
- Kore wa nan desu!
- What is this!?
- こ これは夢カメラといって……
- Ko kore wa Yume Kamera to itte……
- Th– This was taken with the Dream Camera…
- なにをユメみたいなこといってるんですか
- Nani o yume mitai na koto itterun desu ka
- Are you saying this is just a dream!?
- これはなんです！
- a vision (wish for the future)
- leaving reality to the state of lusciousness (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- a fantasy (idea from one's imagination)
- an illusion or delusion
- Synonym: 迷夢 (meimu)
- something fragile (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 夢夢し (yumeyumeshi)
- 夢む (yumemu)
- 夢合わせ (yumeawase)
- 夢現 (yume-utsutsu)
- 夢か現か (yume ka utsutsu ka)
- 夢語り (yumegatari)
- 夢路 (yumeji)
- 夢助 (Yumesuke), 夢介 (Yumesuke)
- 夢違い (yumechigai)
- 夢違え (yumechigae), 夢違え (yumetagae)
- 夢の通い路 (yume no kayoiji)
- 夢の告げ (yume no tsuge)
- 夢の名残 (yume no nagori)
- 夢の間 (yume no ma)
- 夢の世 (yume no yo)
- 夢許り (yumebakari)
- 夢話 (yumebanashi)
- 夢人 (yumebito)
- 夢幻 (yume-maboroshi)
- 夢見 (yumemi)
- 夢見る (yumemiru)
- 夢物語 (yume monogatari)
- 逆夢 (sakayume)
- 空夢 (sorayume)
- 初夢 (hatsuyume)
- 正夢 (masayume)
Idioms
Idioms
Proverbs
Proverbs
- 夢に夢見る (yume ni yumemiru)
- 夢の跡 (yume no ato)
- 夢は五臓のわずらい (yume wa gozō no wazurai)
- 夢の夢 (yume no yume), 夢のまた夢 (yume no mata yume)
- 夢は逆夢 (yume wa sakayume)
- 一炊の夢 (issui no yume)
- 浮世は夢 (ukiyo wa yume)
- 邯鄲の夢 (kantan no yume)
- 昨日の花は今日の夢 (kinō no hana wa kyō no yume)
- 槿花一朝の夢 (kinka itchō no yume)
- 池塘春草の夢 (chitō shunsō no yume)
- 南柯の夢 (nanka no yume)
- 浮生夢の如し (fusei yume no gotoshi)
- 盧生の夢 (rosei no yume)
Proper noun
- a female given name
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 夢 |
| む Grade: 5 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 夢 (MC mjuwngH).
Affix
Derived terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
Korean
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 夢 (MC mjuwngH).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 모ᇰ〮 (Yale: mwóng) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | ᄭᅮᆷ〮 (Yale: skwúm) | 모ᇰ〯 (Yale: mwǒng) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mo̞(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [몽(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Compounds
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
Old Japanese
Etymology
Compound of 寢 (i1, “sleep, sleeping”) + 目 (me2, “eye; sight, vision”).[1][2][3]
Noun
夢 (ime2) (kana いめ)
- a dream
- , text here
- 真野之浦乃与騰乃継橋情由毛思哉妹之伊目尓之所見
- Mano1-no2-ura no2 yo2do2 no2 tugi1pasi ko2ko2ro2 yu mo omope2 ya imo ga ime2 ni si mi1yuru
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- , text here
Derived terms
Descendants
- Japanese: 夢 (yume)
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Vietnamese
Han character
夢: Hán Nôm readings: mộng, mọng, mống, mồng, mòng, muống
References
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