予

See also: 豫, 矛, and 𠄔

Translingual

Han character

予 (Kangxi radical 6, 亅+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈弓弓 (NINN), four-corner 1720₂, composition ⿱龴𠄐)

Derived characters

• 矛 伃 抒 妤 汿 㘧 䦽 㜿 忬 㶦 杼 沀 㐨 䂛 𥝱 紓 野 舒 魣 預 𩿎 豫 序 芧 㙒 㮊

Related characters

• 幻

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 85, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 231
• Dae Jaweon: page 174, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 52, character 2
• Unihan data for U+4E88

---

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 予
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Oracle bone script j10319 Small seal script s02873 Transcribed ancient scripts L34283 L34284 L14210 L14211 L14212 L14213 L14214 L14215 L14216 L14217 L14218 L14219 L14220
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (予) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
野	*laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ
壄	*laːʔ
序	*ljaʔ
抒	*ljaʔ, *hlja, *ɦljaʔ
芧	*l'aʔ
杼	*l'aʔ, *ɦljaʔ
墅	*ɦljaːʔ
舒	*hlja
紓	*hlja, *ɦljaʔ
妤	*la
伃	*la
予	*la, *laʔ
預	*las
忬	*las
豫	*las
蕷	*las
澦	*las

Two hands, each handing an object to another.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la.

Zhao (1990) argued Min Nan 予 (hō͘, “to give; to allow; by”) is a Kra-Dai substrate, associating it with Zhuang hawj (“to give; to allow”) and Bouyei haec (“to give; to allow”). Note both were descended Proto-Tai *haɰᶜ (“to give”) which originated from either Middle Chinese 許 (MC xjoX, “to allow”) or Old Chinese 與 (OC *laʔ, “to give”) (Zheng (2008)).

Zheng (2008) considered the h- initial of both Min Nan 予 (hō͘, “to give; to allow; by”) and Zhuang hawj to be descended from the Chu dialect (楚方言) of Old Chinese 與 (OC *laʔ, “to give”), and noted instances where words beginning with the 以 initial in Middle Chinese are pronounced with a h- initial in modern Min. The rimes of Min Nan 予 (hō͘) and Zhuang hawj, on the other hand, descended from the rimes of 與 during Qin/Han and in an authoritative southern dialect in the Southern dynasties respectively.

Taiwan's Ministry of Education agrees that the original character representing Min Nan 予 (hō͘, “to give; to allow; by”) is indeed 予 (與 (“to give”) and 予 (“to give”) are from the same root), but considers the Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwan pronunciation hō͘ to be the result of sound change from Quanzhou pronunciation thō͘ (Source).

Pronunciation 1

simp. and trad.		予

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǔ (yu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ú / ír / í

  (Teochew, Peng'im): e²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǔ
    • Wade–Giles: yü³
    • Yale: yǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeu
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyu⁵
    • Yale: yúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ú
    • Tâi-lô: ú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /u⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ír
    • Tâi-lô: ír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í
    • Tâi-lô: í
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ie
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³/

Note: literary reading.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: e²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɯ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: yoX

Rime
Character	予
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余吕切
Baxter	yoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/iɔX/
Wang Li	/jĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*laʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*laʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	予
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ yoX ›
Old Chinese	/*laʔ/
English	give; together with
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	予
Reading #	2/2
No.	15739
Phonetic component	予
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*laʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 予

1. (= 與) to give
2. to praise; to esteem

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.		予
alternative forms		互 乎 與／与 度 Quanzhou

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘ / thō͘ / hǒ͘

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
    • Tâi-lô: hōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ho
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen, Singapore): /hɔ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /hɔ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thō͘
    • Tâi-lô: thōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: to
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǒ͘
    • Tâi-lô: hǒo
    • IPA (Lukang): /hɔ³³/

Note: vernacular reading.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 予 (Hokkien)

1. to give

   伊予我五箍。 [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]

   I hō͘ góa gō͘ kho͘. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   He gave me five dollars.

2. to allow

   予伊去！ [Hokkien]  ―  Hō͘ i khì! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Let it go!

3. by (used in constructing the passive)

   伊予人拍。 [Hokkien]  ―  I hō͘ lâng phah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  He was beaten up (by someone).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“to give”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		予, 畀
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		給
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	給
	Taiwan	給
	Malaysia	給
	Singapore	給
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	給
	Jinan	給
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	給
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	給
	Wuhan	把, 把得, 給
	Guilin	給
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	把, 給
	Hefei	給
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Macau	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Dongguan	畀
	Yangjiang	畀
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	畀
	Penang (Guangfu)	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
Gan	Nanchang	把
Hakka	Meixian	分
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	分
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	分
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	分
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	分
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	分
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	得
	Kuching (Hepo)	分
Jin	Taiyuan	給
Northern Min	Jian'ou	吶
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	乞
Southern Min	Xiamen	予
	Quanzhou	予, 傳
	Zhangzhou	予
	Zhao'an	予
	Taipei	予
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	予
	Kaohsiung	予
	Yilan	予
	Changhua (Lukang)	予
	Taichung	予
	Taichung (Wuqi)	予
	Tainan	予
	Taitung	予
	Hsinchu	予
	Kinmen	予
	Penghu (Magong)	予
	Penang (Hokkien)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	予
	Manila (Hokkien)	予
	Chaozhou	分, 乞
	Shantou	分, 乞
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	乞
	Jieyang	分, 乞
	Haifeng	分, 予
	Singapore (Teochew)	乞
	Pontianak (Teochew)	分, 乞
	Leizhou	乞
	Wenchang	分
	Haikou	要
Wu	Shanghai	撥, 撥辣
	Suzhou	撥
	Ningbo	撥
	Wenzhou	匄
Xiang	Changsha	把

Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		被
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	讓, 叫, 給
	Taiwan	讓, 叫, 給
	Malaysia	被, 給
	Singapore	被, 讓, 給
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	叫, 讓
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	叫
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	遭, 叫
	Wuhan	把得
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	給, 把
	Hefei	給, 叫
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	畀
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	畀
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	畀
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	畀
	Macau	畀
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	畀
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	畀
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	畀
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	畀
	Foshan	畀
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	畀
	Foshan (Shunde)	畀
	Foshan (Sanshui)	畀
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	畀
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	畀
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	畀
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	畀
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	畀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	畀
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Kaiping (Chikan)	畀
	Enping (Niujiang)	畀
	Heshan (Yayao)	畀
	Dongguan	畀
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	畀
	Shaoguan	畀
	Yunfu	畀
	Yangjiang	畀
	Xinyi	畀
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
Gan	Nanchang	讓, 等
Hakka	Meixian	分
	Xingning	分
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	畀
	Huiyang	分
	Huidong (Daling)	分
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	分
	Boluo (Bendihua)	畀
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	分
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	畀
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	分
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	把
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	畀
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	把
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	分
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	分
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	分
	Liannan	分
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	分
	Jiexi	分
	Changting	得
	Wuping	得
	Wuping (Pingyu)	得
	Liancheng	給
	Ninghua	分
	Ruijin	得
	Shicheng	得
	Shangyou (Shexi)	討
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	分
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	分
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	分
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	分
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	分
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	得
	Hong Kong	分
	Senai (Huiyang)	分
	Kuching (Hepo)	分
Jin	Taiyuan	叫, 給
Northern Min	Jian'ou	吶
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	乞
Southern Min	Xiamen	予, 乞
	Quanzhou	予, 乞, 傳
	Zhangzhou	予, 乞
	Taipei	予
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	予
	Kaohsiung	予
	Yilan	予
	Changhua (Lukang)	予
	Taichung	予
	Tainan	予
	Hsinchu	予
	Kinmen	予
	Penghu (Magong)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	予
	Manila (Hokkien)	予
	Chaozhou	分, 乞
	Shantou	分, 乞, 予
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	乞
	Jieyang	分
	Leizhou	乞
	Haikou	要
Wu	Shanghai	撥, 撥辣
	Suzhou	撥, 撥勒
	Ningbo	撥, 撥人家
	Wenzhou	匄
Xiang	Changsha	聽, 撈, 讓, 被
	Shuangfeng	耗

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		予

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yú (yu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): û / îr / î

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yú
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yú
    • Wade–Giles: yü²
    • Yale: yú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴
    • Yale: yùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: û
    • Tâi-lô: û
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /u²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: îr
    • Tâi-lô: îr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
    • Tâi-lô: î
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ii
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yo

Rime
Character	予
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以諸切
Baxter	yo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆/
Li Rong	/iɔ/
Wang Li	/jĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*laʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*la/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	予
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yú
Middle Chinese	‹ yo ›
Old Chinese	/*laʔ/
English	I, we
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	予
Reading #	1/2
No.	15738
Phonetic component	予
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	余
Old Chinese	/*la/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 予

1. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 余 (yú, “I, me”).

   予畏上帝，不敢不正。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

   From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

   Yǔ wèi shàngdì, bù gǎn bù zhèng. [Pinyin]

   As I fear the Heaven, I dare not but punish him.

   夫子矢之曰：「予所否者，天厭之！天厭之！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
   夫子矢之曰：「予所否者，天厌之！天厌之！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

   Fūzǐ shǐ zhī yuē: “Yǔ suǒ pǐ zhě, tiān yàn zhī! Tiān yàn zhī!” [Pinyin]

   On which the Master swore, saying, "Wherein I have done improperly, may Heaven reject me! May Heaven reject me!"

2. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 我 (“I”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		吾, 我, 余, 予, 台, 朕 for emperors, 臣, 愚 humble
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		我, 本人 humble, 在下 humble
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	我
	Taiwan	我
	Langfang	我
	Chengde	我
	Ulanhot	我
	Tongliao	我
	Chifeng	我, 咱
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	我
	Heihe	我, 俺
	Qiqihar	我, 俺
	Harbin	我, 俺
	Jiamusi	我, 俺, 咱
	Baicheng	我
	Changchun	我
	Tonghua	我, 咱
	Shenyang	我
	Jinzhou	我
	Malaysia	我
	Singapore	我
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	我
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	我
	Tangshan	我
	Cangzhou	我, 俺
	Baoding	我
	Shijiazhuang	我, 俺
	Lijin	我, 俺
	Weifang (Weicheng)	我, 俺
	Weifang (Fangzi)	我, 俺
	Changle	我, 俺
	Shouguang	我, 俺
	Rizhao	我, 俺
	Wulian	我, 俺
	Jinan	我, 俺
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	我
	Dandong	我, 俺
	Yantai	我, 俺
	Yantai (Muping)	我, 俺
	Qingdao	我, 俺
	Weifang (Hanting)	我, 俺
	Changyi	我, 俺
	Gaomi	我, 俺
	Zhucheng	我, 俺
	Anqiu	我, 俺
	Linqu	我, 俺
	Qingzhou	俺
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	我, 俺
	Lingbao	我
	Jining	我, 俺
	Wanrong	我, 俺
	Linfen	我
	Shangqiu	我, 俺
	Yuanyang	我, 俺
	Zhengzhou	我, 俺
	Kaifeng	我, 俺
	Xinyang	我
	Ankang	我
	Baihe	我
	Xi'an	我, 俺 †
	Baoji	我
	Tongxin	我
	Guyuan	我
	Tianshui	我
	Xining	我
	Yanqi	我
	Xuzhou	我, 俺, 咱
	Xuzhou (Jiawang)	俺, 我
	Pizhou	俺, 我
	Suining	我
	Xinyi	我, 俺
	Fengxian	我, 俺
	Suqian	俺
	Lianyungang (Ganyu)	我, 俺
	Donghai	我, 俺
	Fuyang	我, 俺
	Bengbu	我, 俺
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	我
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	我
	Zhongwei	我
	Lanzhou	我
	Dunhuang	我
	Hami	我
	Ürümqi	我
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	我
	Chengdu (Xindu)	我
	Nanchong	我
	Nanbu	我
	Dazhou	我
	Hanyuan	我
	Xichang	我
	Zigong	我
	Chongqing	我
	Wuhan	我
	Yichang	我
	Xiangyang	我
	Tianmen	我
	Lhasa	我
	Guiyang	我
	Zunyi	我
	Bijie	我
	Liping	我
	Zhaotong	我
	Dali	我
	Kunming	我
	Mengzi	我
	Guilin	我
	Guilin (Lingui)	我
	Guanyang	我
	Lipu	我
	Pingle	我
	Yangshuo	我
	Liuzhou	我
	Nanning (Xiakuojie)	我
	Nanning (Fujian)	我
	Nanning (Wuming)	我
	Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)	我
	Binyang (Nanjie)	我
	Shanglin (Sanli)	我
	Hechi (Yizhou)	我
	Qinzhou (Longmengang)	我
	Jishou	我
	Changde	我, 頑, 俺
	Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	我
	Ziyang	我
	Hanzhong	我
	Dagudi (Maliba)	我
	Reshuitang (Longling)	我
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	我
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	我
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	我
	Yangzhou	我
	Yangzhou (Jiangdu)	我
	Baoying	我
	Gaoyou	我
	Yizheng	我
	Taizhou	我
	Taixing	我
	Taizhou (Jiangyan)	我
	Jingjiang (Dongxing)	我
	Zhenjiang	我
	Jurong	我
	Lianyungang	我, 俺
	Guanyun	我
	Guannan	我, 呣
	Huai'an (Huaiyin)	我
	Huai'an (Hongze)	我
	Lianshui	我
	Xuyi	我
	Jinhu	我
	Xinghua	我
	Nantong	我
	Rugao	我
	Rudong	我
	Hai'an	我
	Yancheng	我
	Dongtai	我
	Sheyang	我
	Funing	我
	Jianhu	我
	Xiangshui	我
	Shuyang	我
	Sihong	我, 俺
	Anqing	我
	Wuhu	我
	Hefei	我
	Chuzhou	我
	Huanggang	我
	Hong'an	我
Cantonese	Guangzhou	我
	Hong Kong	我
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	我
	Macau	我
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	我
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	我
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	我
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	我
	Foshan	我
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	我
	Foshan (Shunde)	我
	Foshan (Sanshui)	我
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	我
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	我
	Zhongshan (Huancheng)	我
	Zhongshan (Nanlang)	我
	Zhongshan (Xiaolan)	我
	Zhongshan (Dongsheng)	我
	Zhongshan (Tanbei)	我
	Zhongshan (Henglan)	我
	Zhongshan (Dongfeng)	我
	Zhongshan (Nantou)	我
	Zhongshan (Fusha)	我
	Zhongshan (Shalang)	我
	Zhongshan (Gangkou)	我
	Zhongshan (Huangpu)	我
	Zhongshan (Sanjiao)	我
	Zhongshan (Langwang)	我
	Zhongshan (Minzhong)	我
	Zhongshan (Guzhen)	我
	Zhongshan (Banfu)	我
	Zhongshan (Tanzhou)	我
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	我
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	我
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	我
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	𠊎
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	我
	Taishan	我
	Kaiping (Chikan)	我
	Enping (Niujiang)	我
	Heshan (Yayao)	我
	Dongguan	我
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	我
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	我
	Qingyuan	我
	Fogang	我
	Yingde (Hanguang)	我
	Yangshan	我
	Lianshan (Butian)	我
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	我
	Shaoguan	我
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	我
	Renhua	我
	Lechang	我
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	我
	Sihui	我
	Guangning	我
	Deqing	我
	Huaiji	我
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	儂
	Yunfu	我, 儂
	Xinxing	我
	Luoding	我
	Yunan (Pingtai)	我
Yangjiang	我
Xinyi	我
Maoming (Xinpo)	我
Lianjiang	我
Wuchuan (Wuyang)	我
Nanning	我
Wuzhou	我
Yulin	我
Hepu (Lianzhou)	我
Hepu (Shatian)	我
Guiping	我
Mengshan (Xihe)	我
Guigang (Nanjiang)	我
Beiliu	我
Baise	我
Bobai	我
Lingshan	我
Pubei	我
Qinzhou	我
Beihai	我
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	我
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	我
Ningming	我
Hengzhou	我
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)	儂
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	我
Danzhou	我
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	我
Penang (Guangfu)	我
Singapore (Guangfu)	我
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	我
Móng Cái	我
Gan	Nanchang	我
	Nanchang (Wangcheng)	我
	Anyi	我仂
	Lushan	我
	Pengze	我
	Duchang	我, 我濃
	Wuning (Quankou)	我
	Poyang	我
	Yugan	阿, 我郎
	Wannian	阿
	Hengfeng	阿, 阿仂
	Yanshan	阿, 阿仂
	Leping	阿
	Yichun	我
	Yifeng	阿
	Gao'an	我
	Fengxin	我
	Shanggao	我
	Wanzai	我
	Fengcheng	我
	Xinyu	阿, 我
	Fuzhou (Shangdundu)	我
	Fuzhou (Dongxiang)	阿仂
	Nancheng	阿
	Nanfeng	阿仂, 阿
	Yihuang	我
	Lichuan	我, 阿
	Chongren	我
	Pingxiang	巷
	Lianhua	我
	Ji'an	阿, 我
	Yongfeng	我
	Taihe	我
	Xiajiang	我
	Yongxin	我
	Yingtan (Yujiang)	阿
	Guixi	阿, 阿仂
	Jianning	我
	Jinxian	我
	Jinxi	阿
	Le'an	我
	Guangchang	阿
	Anfu	我
	Suichuan	𠊎
	Wan'an	𠊎
	Jing'an	我
	Zhangshu	我
	Xingan	我
	Fenyi	我
Hakka	Meixian	𠊎
	Xingning	𠊎
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	我
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	我
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	我
	Huiyang	𠊎
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	我
	Huidong (Daling)	𠊎
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	𠊎
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	我
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	我
	Boluo (Bendihua)	我
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	𠊎
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	𠊎
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	𠊎
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Changbu)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Meilin)	𠊎
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	我
	Zijin	我
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	我
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	我
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	我
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	我
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	我
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	我
	Wengyuan	𠊎
	Nanxiong (Zhuji)	𠊎
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	𠊎
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	我
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	我
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	𠊎
	Liannan	𠊎
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	𠊎
	Jiexi	𠊎
	Luhe	𠊎
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	𠊎
	Changting	𠊎
	Shanghang	𠊎
	Longyan (Yongding)	𠊎
	Wuping	𠊎
	Wuping (Yanqian)	𠊎
	Wuping (Pingyu)	𠊎
	Liancheng	𠊎
	Ninghua	𠊎
	Qingliu	𠊎
	Yudu	𠊎
	Ningdu	𠊎
	Ruijin	𠊎
	Shicheng	𠊎
	Shangyou (Shexi)	𠊎
	Tonggu (Sandu)	𠊎
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	𠊎
	Ganzhou (Nankang)	𠊎
	Dayu	𠊎
	Dingnan	𠊎
	Longnan	𠊎
	Xunwu	𠊎
	Huichang	𠊎
	Chongyi	𠊎
	Xingguo	𠊎
Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𠊎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	𠊎
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	𠊎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	𠊎
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	𠊎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	𠊎
Hong Kong	𠊎
Yangxi (Tangkou)	𠊎
Yangchun (Sanjia)	𠊎
Xinyi (Sihe)	𠊎
Xinyi (Qianpai)	𠊎
Gaozhou (Xindong)	𠊎
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	𠊎
Huazhou (Xin'an)	𠊎
Lianjiang (Shijiao)	𠊎
Lianjiang (Qingping)	𠊎
Mengshan (Xihe)	𠊎
Luchuan	𠊎
Luchuan (Daqiao)	𠊎
Bobai (Shahe)	𠊎
Bobai (Longtan)	𠊎
Bobai (Lingping)	𠊎
Bobai (Lingjiao)	𠊎
Beiliu (Tang'an)	𠊎
Mashan (Pianlian)	我
Sabah (Longchuan)	𠊎, 我
Senai (Huiyang)	𠊎
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	𠊎
Singkawang	𠊎
Singapore (Dabu)	𠊎
Bangkok (Meixian)	𠊎
Huizhou	Jixi	我
	Shexian	我, 阿
	Wuyuan	我
	Fuliang	我
	Dexing	我
	Chun'an (Qiandaohu)	我
	Jiande (Meicheng)	黨, 卬
	Jiande (Shouchang)	我, 我儂
Jin	Taiyuan	我, 俺 †, used only by females
	Yangyuan	我, 俺
	Datong	我
	Xinzhou	我, 俺
	Lüliang (Lishi)	我, 俺
	Changzhi	我
	Linhe	我
	Jining	我, 俺
	Hohhot	我, 俺
	Erenhot	我, 俺
	Pingshan	我, 俺
	Zhangjiakou	我
	Handan	我, 俺
	Linzhou	我, 俺
	Suide	我
Northern Min	Jian'ou	我, 俺
	Songxi	我
	Zhenghe	我
	Jianyang	我
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	我, 奴
	Fuzhou (Changle)	我
	Lianjiang	我
	Fuqing	我
	Pingtan	我
	Yongtai	我
	Minqing	我
	Gutian	我
	Pingnan	我
	Luoyuan	我
	Fu'an	我
	Ningde	我
	Xiapu	我
	Zherong	我
	Shouning	我
	Zhouning	我
	Fuding	我
	Taishun	我
	Cangnan	我
	Singapore (Fuqing)	我
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	我
Southern Min	Xiamen	我, 阮, 遮人, 遮的人
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	我
	Quanzhou	我, 阮
	Jinjiang	我
	Nan'an	我
	Shishi	我
	Hui'an	我
	Anxi	我
	Yongchun	我
	Dehua	我
	Zhangzhou	我, 阮, 遮人, 遮的人
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	我
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	我
	Hua'an	我
	Nanjing	我
	Pinghe	我
	Zhangpu	我
	Yunxiao	我
	Zhao'an	我
	Dongshan	我
	Taipei	我, 阮 GT
	Taipei (Wanhua)	我
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	我
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	我
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	我
	Kaohsiung	我
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	我
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	我
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	我
	Yilan	我
	Changhua (Lukang)	我
	Taichung	我
	Taichung (Wuqi)	我
	Tainan	我
	Taitung	我
	Hsinchu	我
	Kinmen	我
	Penghu (Magong)	我
	Penang (Hokkien)	我
	Singapore (Hokkien)	我
	Manila (Hokkien)	我
	Longyan	我
	Zhangping	我
	Datian	我
	Shunchang (Pushang)	我
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	我
	Guilin (Biyange)	我
	Cangnan	我
	Chaozhou	我
	Shantou	我
	Shantou (Chenghai)	我
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	我
	Jieyang	我
	Haifeng	我
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	我
	Singapore (Teochew)	我
	Batam (Teochew)	我
	Pontianak (Teochew)	我
	Wenchang	我, 儂 polite/humble
	Haikou	我
	Singapore (Hainanese)	我, 儂 polite/humble
Puxian Min	Putian	我
	Xianyou	我
Central Min	Yong'an	我
	Sanming (Shaxian)	我
	Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)	我
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	伉
	Guangze	伉
	Jiangle	我
	Mingxi	我
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	我
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	我
Shehua	Jingning (Hexi)	我
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	我
	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	吾
Wu	Shanghai	我, 阿拉
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	我儂
	Shanghai (Jiading)	唔, 唔儂
	Shanghai (Chongming)	我
	Suzhou	我, 奴
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	吾, 吾奴
	Wuxi	我
	Changshu	我
	Nantong (Haimen)	我
	Jiaxing	我奴
	Jiashan	我奴, 我
	Pinghu	我奴, 我
	Haining (Yanguan)	我
	Tongxiang	我
	Haiyan	我, 活儂, 活奴
	Changzhou	我
	Danyang	我
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	我
	Huzhou	是我
	Changxing	我, 是我
	Anji	我
	Deqing	我
	Hangzhou	我
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	我, 是我
	Hangzhou (Lin'an)	我, 是我, 什我
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	我, 是我
	Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)	我
	Tonglu	我, 是我
	Tonglu (Wusheng)	我
	Shaoxing	我
	Zhuji	我
	Shengzhou	我
	Xinchang	我
	Ningbo	我, 我儂, 像我
	Ningbo (Zhenhai)	我
	Ningbo (Fenghua)	我
	Yuyao	我
	Cixi	我
	Xiangshan	我, 像我
	Zhoushan	伢
	Taizhou (Huangyan)	我
	Tiantai	我
	Xianju	我
	Sanmen	我
	Linhai	我
	Wenling	我俚
	Wenzhou	我
	Yueqing	我
	Yongjia (Fenglin)	我
	Rui'an	我
	Pingyang	我
	Taishun	我
	Wencheng	我
	Lishui	我
	Qingtian	我
	Jinyun	我, 動我
	Wuyi (Liucheng)	我
	Songyang (Xiping)	我
	Yunhe	我
	Jingning	我
	Qingyuan	我
	Longquan	我
	Quzhou	我
	Suichang	我, 我儂
Jiangshan	我
Changshan	我
Kaihua	我, 我儂
Longyou	我, 我儂
Jinhua	我, 我儂
Jinhua (Tangxi)	我, 我儂
Yiwu	我
Yongkang	我
Pujiang	我
Dongyang	我
Wuyi	我, 我儂
Lanxi	我, 我儂
Shangrao	阿儂
Shangrao (Guangfeng)	阿
Yushan	阿, 儂
Xiang	Changsha	我
	Loudi	我
	Shuangfeng	我, 卬
	Quanzhou	我
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	我
Note	† - as an attributive, used without 的; GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 予 – see 豫 (“relaxed; comfortable; at ease; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified and variant form of 豫).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 予 – see 預 (“beforehand, in advance; to take part in; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 預).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Further reading

• “Entry #573”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Japanese

Shinjitai	予
Kyūjitai	豫

Kanji

予

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 豫)

1. beforehand, in advance

Readings

• Go-on: よ (yo, Jōyō); しょ (sho)^{←しよ (syo, historical)}; じょ (jo)^{←ぢよ (dyo, historical)}
• Kan-on: よ (yo, Jōyō); しょ (sho)^{←しよ (syo, historical)}; ちょ (cho)^{←ちよ (tyo, historical)}
• Kun: あらかじめ (arakajime, 予め); あたえる (ataeru, 予える)^{←あたへる (ataferu, 予へる, historical)}; かねて (kanete, 予て)

Compounds

• 予(よ)報(ほう) (yohō)
• 予(よ)約(やく) (yoyaku, “reservation, appointment”)
• 予(よ)定(てい) (yotei, “schedule”)
• 予(よ)感(かん) (yokan)

Etymology

Alternative forms

• 余

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jo]

Pronoun

1. first-person personal pronoun; I, me
   • 1802-1814: Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige (volume 1)

     予此街道に毫をはせて膝栗毛の書を著す。

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

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Korean

Hanja

予 (eum 여 (yeo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

予: Hán Nôm readings: nhừ, dư

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation