小人
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Chinese
[edit]small; tiny; few small; tiny; few; young |
man; person; people | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (小人) |
小 | 人 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): siu2 jan4 / siu2 jan4-2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiau2 ngin3*
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): séu-ngìn
- Eastern Min (BUC): siēu-ìng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5shiau-gnin; 5shiau-zen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄖㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siǎorén
- Wade–Giles: hsiao3-jên2
- Yale: syǎu-rén
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheauren
- Palladius: сяожэнь (sjaožɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: siu2 jan4 / siu2 jan4-2
- Yale: síu yàhn / síu yán
- Cantonese Pinyin: siu2 jan4 / siu2 jan4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: xiu2 yen4 / xiu2 yen4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːu̯³⁵ jɐn²¹/, /siːu̯³⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhiau2 ngin3*
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiau⁵⁵ ᵑɡin²²⁻²²⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: séu-ngìn
- Hakka Romanization System: seuˋ nginˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: seu3 ngin2
- Sinological IPA: /seu̯³¹ ŋin¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siēu-ìng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sieu³³⁻²¹ iŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáu-jîn
- Tâi-lô: siáu-jîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: siawjiin
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin¹³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáu-lîn
- Tâi-lô: siáu-lîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: siawliin
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lin²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /siau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: siao2 rêng5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siáu jêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siau⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zeŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
Note: siao2 rêng5 - Jieyang.
Note:
- 5shiau-gnin - vernacular;
- 5shiau-zen - literary.
- Middle Chinese: sjewX nyin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ewʔ ni[ŋ]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*smewʔ njin/
Noun
[edit]小人
- scoundrel or villain
- (archaic) person of low position
- 周道如砥、其直如矢。
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zhōudào rú dǐ, qí zhí rú shǐ.
Jūnzǐ suǒ lǚ, xiǎorén suǒ shì.
Juàn yán gù zhī, shān yān chū tì. [Pinyin] - The way to Zhou was like a whetstone, and straight as an arrow.
[So] the athelings trod it, and the common people looked on it.
When I look back and think of it, my tears run down in streams.
君子所履、小人所視。
睠言顧之、潸焉出涕。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
周道如砥、其直如矢。
君子所履、小人所视。
睠言顾之、潸焉出涕。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]- 郡遣督郵至縣，吏白「應束帶見之」，潛歎曰：「吾不能為五斗米折腰，拳拳事鄉里小人邪！」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: 648 CE, Fang Xuanling (lead editor), Book of Jin
- Jùn qiǎn dūyóu zhì xiàn, lì bái “yīng shùdài jiàn zhī”, Qián tàn yuē: “Wú bùnéng wèi wǔ dǒu mǐ zhéyāo, quánquán shì xiānglǐ xiǎorén yé!” [Pinyin]
- The commandery sent a postal inspector to the county, and an official suggested: "You should wear formal clothes to see him." Qian sighed: "I cannot bow down for the sake of five pecks of rice and flatter a base person!"
郡遣督邮至县，吏白「应束带见之」，潜叹曰：「吾不能为五斗米折腰，拳拳事乡里小人邪！」 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- (archaic) small-minded person or person of low moral qualities
- 小人慼，謂之不免。君子恕，以爲必歸。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Xiǎorén qī, wèi zhī bù miǎn. Jūnzǐ shù, yǐweí bì guī. [Pinyin]
- The small-minded are anxiety-laden, and they say that (our master) could not have been spared. The junzi treat others with mercy, and they believe that (you) will do the same and free him eventually.
小人戚，谓之不免。君子恕，以为必归。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (dialectal Mandarin, Wu) child; kid
- Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 小 (xiǎo), 人 (rén).
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “person of low position”): 大人 (dàrén)
- (antonym(s) of “scoundrel, villain, small-minded person”): 君子 (jūnzǐ)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Sino-Xenic (小人):
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 小 | 人 |
| しょう Grade: 1 |
にん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
From 小 (shō, "small," "little") + 人 (nin, "human being").
Noun
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]- 大人 (otona)
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 小 | 人 |
| こ Grade: 1 |
ひと > びと Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | |
From 小 (ko, "small," "little") + 人 (hito, "man"). The word hito changes to bito due to rendaku.
Noun
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]- 巨人 (kyojin)
Derived terms
[edit]- コビトカバ (kobito kaba): pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis)
Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 小 | 人 |
| しょう Grade: 1 |
じん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
From 小 (shō, "small," "little") + 人 (jin, "human being").
Noun
[edit]- narrow-minded person, mean person
Antonyms
[edit]- 君子 (kunshi)
Derived terms
[edit]- 小人閑居 (shōjin kankyo, “idle hands”)
Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 小 | 人 |
Noun
[edit]小人
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
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- zh:People
- zh:Children
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- Japanese terms spelled with 人 read as にん
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