差

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See also: 着 and 羞

Template:character info/new

Translingual

Japanese 差
Simplified 差
Traditional 差

Alternative forms

Note that the character in simplified Chinese has 9 strokes. Simplified from 差 (𦍌丿 → ⺶)

Han character

Taiwan & Hong Kong stroke order

差 (Kangxi radical 48, 工+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿手一 (TQM), four-corner 80211, composition ⿱𦍌⿰丿工(HTJK) or ⿸⺶工(GV))

Stroke order
10 strokes

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8732
  • Dae Jaweon: page 629, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 413, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5DEE

Chinese

trad. 差
simp. # 差
alternative forms 差
荖
𢀩
𢀠
𢀞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 差
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (左) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
左 *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls
佐 *ʔsaːls
袏 *ʔslaːls
蹉 *sʰlaːl
瑳 *sʰlaːl, *sʰlaːlʔ
搓 *sʰlaːl
磋 *sʰlaːl
溠 *sʰlaːl, *sraːl, *ʔsraːls
傞 *sʰlaːl, *slaːl
醝 *zlaːl
瘥 *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *sʰreːls
鹺 *zlaːl
嵯 *zlaːl, *sʰral
嵳 *zlaːl
蒫 *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl
艖 *zlaːl, *sʰraːl
齹 *zlaːl, *sʰral, *zral
縒 *slaːlʔ, *sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ
褨 *slaːlʔ
嗟 *ʔsljal
差 *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral
鎈 *sʰraːl
槎 *zraːl, *zraːlʔ
髊 *zlals

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 來 (“wheat”) + 𠂇 (“left hand”) – to hull wheat by rubbing grains inside hands. Original form of 搓 (OC *sʰlaːl, “to rub with hands; to scrub; to twist”).

工 or 口 was later added under 𠂇 to form 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls, “left”), which is also this character's phonetic component.

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • chā - literary (“to differ; mistake; (maths) difference; barely”);
  • chà - colloquial (“to differ; wrong; inferior; to be short of; to owe”).
Rime
Character 差 差 差
Reading # 1/5 2/5 3/5
Initial (聲) 初 (19) 初 (19) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 支 (13) 佳 (31) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) III II II
Fanqie 楚宜切 楚佳切 楚皆切
Baxter tsrhje tsrhea tsrheaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃʰˠiᴇ/ /t͡ʃʰˠɛ/ /t͡ʃʰˠɛi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚiɛ/ /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæ/ /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃʰiɛ/ /t͡ʃʰæi/ /t͡ʃʰɐi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂʰjiə̆/ /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨj/ /ʈ͡ʂʰəɨj/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃʰje/ /t͡ʃʰɛ/ /t͡ʃʰɛi/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃʰǐe/ /t͡ʃʰai/ /t͡ʃʰɐi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂʰie̯/ /ʈ͡ʂʰai/ /ʈ͡ʂʰăi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chī chāi chāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ci1 caai1 caai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 差
Reading # 1/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsrhæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tsʰraj/
English distinction; to select

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 差 差 差
Reading # 2/6 3/6 4/6
No. 18030 18037 18038
Phonetic
component 		左 左 左
Rime
group 		歌 歌 歌
Rime
subdivision 		1 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		差 釵
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰraːls/ /*sʰreːl/ /*sʰreːl/
Notes 金文上從來，本指以手揀麥子分等次，
左亦聲

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 差

  1. to differ from; to be different; dissimilar; incongruous
  2. wrong; incorrect; erroneous
  3. inferior; poor; substandard
  4. difference; discrepancy
  5. mistake; wrongdoing
  6. (mathematics) difference
  7. to be short of; to fall short of
  8. to owe
  9. rather; barely; nearly; almost
  10. 11th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "divergence" (𝌐)
Synonyms
  • (inferior):
(deprecated template usage)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

Note:
  • chhe/chhee - vernacular;
  • chhai - literary.
Rime
Character 差
Reading # 4/5
Initial (聲) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 初加切
Baxter tsrhae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃʰˠa/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃʰa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃʰa/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃʰa/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂʰa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		caa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 差 差
Reading # 2/5 3/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chāi chāi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsrhɛ › ‹ tsrhɛj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[tsʰ]raj/ /*[tsʰ](ˁ)raj/
English distinction; to select distinction; to select

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 差
Reading # 1/6
No. 18029
Phonetic
component 		左
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰraːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 差

  1. to dispatch; to assign; to send on an errand
  2. to select; to choose
  3. (historical) runner; courier; envoy; messenger
  4. (historical) corvée
  5. errand; task

Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 差

  1. uneven; irregular; rough
    參差／参差  ―  cēncī  ―  uneven
  2. to distinguish; to grade; to classify
  3. grade; rank
  4. limit; boundary

Compounds

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Pronunciation 4

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 差
Reading # 5/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cuō
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsha ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[tsʰ]ˁaj/
English rub, polish, file (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 差

  1. † Original form of 搓 (cuō, “to rub with one's hands; to scrub; to twist”).

Compounds

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Pronunciation 5

Rime
Character 差
Reading # 5/5
Initial (聲) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 佳 (31)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 楚懈切
Baxter tsrheaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃʰˠɛH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃʰæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨjH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃʰɛH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃʰaiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂʰaiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		caai3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 差
Reading # 5/6
No. 18039
Phonetic
component 		左
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		差
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰreːls/
Notes 見方言後作瘥

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 差

  1. † Original form of 瘥 (cuó, “to recover from an illness”).

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

差

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
差
さ
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhje|tsrhea|tsrheaj|tsrhae|tsrheaH).

Pronunciation

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Noun

差(さ) • (sa) 

  1. (generally) difference
    資(し)金(きん)力(りょく)で差(さ)を付(つ)ける
    shikin ryoku de sa o tsukeru
    to make a difference in the financial power
    Synonyms: 差異 (sai), 違い (chigai)
  2. (arithmetic) difference
    九(きゅう)十(じゅう)と七(なな)十(じゅう)八(はち)の差(さ)は十(じゅう)二(に)である。
    Kyūjū to nanajūhachi no sa wa jūni de aru.
    The difference of ninety and seventy-eight is twelve.
    Antonym: (sum) 和 (wa)

See also

References


Korean

Hanja

差 • (chi, cha, chae) (hangeul 치, 차, 채, revised chi, cha, chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, ch'a, ch'ae, Yale chi, cha, chay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 差 (sai, sái, si, sươi, sau, sây, soa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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