差
Translingual
Japanese | 差 |
---|---|
Simplified | 差 |
Traditional | 差 |
Alternative forms
Note that the character in simplified Chinese has 9 strokes. Simplified from 差 (𦍌丿 → ⺶)
Han character
差 (Kangxi radical 48, 工+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿手一 (TQM), four-corner 80211, composition ⿱𦍌⿰丿工(HTJK) or ⿸⺶工(GV))
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8732
- Dae Jaweon: page 629, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 413, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5DEE
Chinese
trad. | 差 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 差 | |
alternative forms | 差 荖 𢀩 𢀠 𢀞 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 差 | ||
---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
左 | *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls |
佐 | *ʔsaːls |
袏 | *ʔslaːls |
蹉 | *sʰlaːl |
瑳 | *sʰlaːl, *sʰlaːlʔ |
搓 | *sʰlaːl |
磋 | *sʰlaːl |
溠 | *sʰlaːl, *sraːl, *ʔsraːls |
傞 | *sʰlaːl, *slaːl |
醝 | *zlaːl |
瘥 | *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *sʰreːls |
鹺 | *zlaːl |
嵯 | *zlaːl, *sʰral |
嵳 | *zlaːl |
蒫 | *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl |
艖 | *zlaːl, *sʰraːl |
齹 | *zlaːl, *sʰral, *zral |
縒 | *slaːlʔ, *sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ |
褨 | *slaːlʔ |
嗟 | *ʔsljal |
差 | *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral |
鎈 | *sʰraːl |
槎 | *zraːl, *zraːlʔ |
髊 | *zlals |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 來 (“wheat”) + 𠂇 (“left hand”) – to hull wheat by rubbing grains inside hands. Original form of 搓 (OC *sʰlaːl, “to rub with hands; to scrub; to twist”).
工 or 口 was later added under 𠂇 to form 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls, “left”), which is also this character's phonetic component.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): caa1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhâ
- Eastern Min (BUC): chă
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chha
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsho
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cha
- Wade–Giles: chʻa1
- Yale: chā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
- Palladius: ча (ča)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chà
- Wade–Giles: chʻa4
- Yale: chà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chah
- Palladius: ча (ča)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- chā - literary (“to differ; mistake; (maths) difference; barely”);
- chà - colloquial (“to differ; wrong; inferior; to be short of; to owe”).
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caa1
- Yale: chā
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: ca1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâ
- Hakka Romanization System: caˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ca1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chă
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsrhje, tsrhea, tsrheaj
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsʰraj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːls/, /*sʰreːl/
Definitions
- to differ from; to be different; dissimilar; incongruous
- wrong; incorrect; erroneous
- inferior; poor; substandard
- difference; discrepancy
- mistake; wrongdoing
- (mathematics) difference
- to be short of; to fall short of
- to owe
- rather; barely; nearly; almost
- 11th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "divergence" (𝌐)
Synonyms
- (inferior):
- 不善 (bùshàn)
- 不好
- 不妙 (bùmiào)
- 不怎麼樣/不怎么样 (bùzěnmeyàng)
- 不濟/不济 (bùjì)
- 不腆 (bùtiǎn) (Classical Chinese, self-deprecatory)
- 了丁 (Min Nan)
- 低下 (dīxià)
- 低劣 (dīliè)
- 低路 (Min Nan)
- 劣 (literary, or in compounds)
- 垃圾 (lājī) (colloquial)
- 屎 (Cantonese)
- 差勁/差劲 (chàjìn) (colloquial)
- 差氣/差气 (Hokkien)
- 拙劣 (zhuōliè)
- 推扳 (1the-pe) (Shanghainese)
- 梢跤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 梢跤軟蹄/梢跤软蹄 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 梢蹬 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 欠佳 (qiànjiā)
- 水皮 (seoi2 pei4) (Cantonese)
- 潮 (cháo) (colloquial, of quality or technique)
- 無良/无良 (wúliáng) (formal)
- 破 (pò) (colloquial)
- 跤梢 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 蹩腳/蹩脚 (biéjiǎo)
- 鄙劣 (bǐliè) (literary)
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): caai1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhâi
- Eastern Min (BUC): chă̤
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhe / chhee / chhai
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsha
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chai
- Wade–Giles: chʻai1
- Yale: chāi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chai
- Palladius: чай (čaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caai1
- Yale: chāai
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai1
- Guangdong Romanization: cai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâi
- Hakka Romanization System: caiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cai1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chă̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
- Tâi-lô: tshe
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhee
- Tâi-lô: tshee
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- chhe/chhee - vernacular;
- chhai - literary.
- Middle Chinese: tsrhae
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]raj/, /*[tsʰ](ˤ)raj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːl/
Definitions
- to dispatch; to assign; to send on an errand
- to select; to choose
- (historical) runner; courier; envoy; messenger
- (historical) corvée
- errand; task
Compounds
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Pronunciation 3
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Definitions
Compounds
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Pronunciation 4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄛ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cuo
- Wade–Giles: tsʻo1
- Yale: tswō
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuo
- Palladius: цо (co)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: co1
- Yale: chō
- Cantonese Pinyin: tso1
- Guangdong Romanization: co1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
Compounds
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Pronunciation 5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chài
- Wade–Giles: chʻai4
- Yale: chài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chay
- Palladius: чай (čaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caai3
- Yale: chaai
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai3
- Guangdong Romanization: cai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: tsrheaH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːls/
Definitions
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: し (shi)、しゃ (sha)、せ (se)
- Kan-on: し (shi)、さ (sa, Jōyō)、さい (sai)
- Kun: さす (sasu, 差す, Jōyō)、たがう (tagau, 差う)、たがい (tagai)
Compounds
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
---|
差 |
さ Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 差 (MC tsrhje|tsrhea|tsrheaj|tsrhae|tsrheaH).
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (generally) difference
- (arithmetic) difference
See also
References
Korean
Hanja
差 • (chi, cha, chae) (hangeul 치, 차, 채, revised chi, cha, chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, ch'a, ch'ae, Yale chi, cha, chay)
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Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 差 (sai, sái, si, sươi, sau, sây, soa)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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