果

See also: 杲

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

果 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 田木 (WD), four-corner 6090₄, composition ⿻日木)

Derived characters

• 菓 裸 課

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 516, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14556
• Dae Jaweon: page 904, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1168, character 11
• Unihan data for U+679C

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Chinese

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		果
alternative forms		菓／果

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 果
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (果) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
裸	*ɡ·roːlʔ
躶	*ɡ·roːlʔ
果	*kloːlʔ
菓	*kloːlʔ
猓	*kloːlʔ
輠	*kloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ, *kʰluːls
裹	*kloːlʔ, *kloːls
蜾	*kloːlʔ
惈	*kloːlʔ
粿	*kloːlʔ
窠	*kʰloːl
稞	*kʰloːl, *ɡroːlʔ
課	*kʰloːl, *kʰloːls
髁	*kʰloːl, *kʰloːls, *kʰroːlʔ
棵	*kʰloːl, *kʰloːnʔ, *ɡloːnʔ
顆	*kʰloːlʔ
堁	*kʰloːlʔ, *kʰloːls, *kloːns
敤	*kʰloːlʔ, *kʰloːls
夥	*qʰloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ
婐	*qloːlʔ, *kroːl
踝	*ɡroːlʔ
祼	*ɡluːlʔ

Pictogram (象形) – fruit on a tree.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guǒ (guo³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwo² / gu²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): go²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kó

  (Meixian, Guangdong): guo³

• Eastern Min (BUC): guōi / guō
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kér / ké / kóe / kó͘ / kó

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guê² / guên² / guain² / guan²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵ku

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guǒ
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guǒ
    • Wade–Giles: kuo³
    • Yale: gwǒ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guoo
    • Palladius: го (go)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwo² / gu²
    • Yale: gwó / gú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwo² / gu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: guo² / gu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔː³⁵/, /kuː³⁵/

Note: gu2 - rare.

• • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: go²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kᵘɔ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kó
    • Hakka Romanization System: go`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: go³
    • Sinological IPA: /ko³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: guo³
    • Sinological IPA: /kuo³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: guōi / guō
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui³³/, /kuo³³/

Note:

• guōi - vernacular;
• guō - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kér
    • Tâi-lô: kér
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kə⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ké
    • Tâi-lô: ké
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kea
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ke⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kóe
    • Tâi-lô: kué
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koea
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kue⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
    • Tâi-lô: kóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kor
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó
    • Tâi-lô: kó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koir
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ko⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴¹/

Note:

• kér/ké/kóe - vernacular;
• kó͘/kó - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: guê² / guên² / guain² / guan²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kué / kuéⁿ / kuáiⁿ / kuáⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kue⁵²/, /kũẽ⁵²/, /kũãĩ⁵²/, /kũã⁵²/

Note:

• guên2 - in 果實, 結果;
• guan2 - in 果斷, 果然.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵ku
    • MiniDict: ku^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ku
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kwaX

Rime
Character	果
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古火切
Baxter	kwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑX/
Pan Wuyun	/kuɑX/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaX/
Li Rong	/kuɑX/
Wang Li	/kuɑX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guǒ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwo2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤo[r]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	果
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guǒ
Middle Chinese	‹ kwaX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁo[r]ʔ/
English	fruit; result
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	果
Reading #	1/1
No.	4767
Phonetic component	果
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	果
Old Chinese	/*kloːlʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 果

1. fruit

   水果  ―  shuǐguǒ  ―  fruit

   蘋果／苹果  ―  píngguǒ  ―  apple

2. result

   結果／结果  ―  jiéguǒ  ―  result

   後果／后果  ―  hòuguǒ  ―  consequence

3. sure enough

   果然  ―  guǒrán  ―  as expected

   果真  ―  guǒzhēn  ―  really

   • 言者有言，其所言者特未定也。果有言邪？ [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Yán zhě yǒu yán, qí suǒ yán zhě tè wèi dìng yě. Guǒ yǒu yán yé? [Pinyin]

     The speaker has (a meaning in) his words. If, however, what he says, be indeterminate (as from a mind not made up), does he then really speak or not?

4. determined

   果敢  ―  guǒgǎn  ―  resolute and courageous

5. to fill

   果腹  ―  guǒfù  ―  to fill one's stomach

6. to come true

   不果  ―  bùguǒ  ―  to be unsuccessful

   • 南陽劉子驥，高尚士也，聞之欣然，親往。未果，尋病終。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，闻之欣然，亲往。未果，寻病终。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Peach Blossom Spring (桃花源記), by Tao Yuanming, 421 (Wiktionary translation)

     Nányáng Liúzǐjì, gāoshàng shì yě, wén zhī xīnrán, qīn wǎng. Wèiguǒ, xún bìng zhōng. [Pinyin]

     Liu Ziji of Nanyang was a noble scholar who heard of this, and joyously set out for it, but to no avail; he died of illness shortly afterwards.

7. ^† finally; at last

   • 晉侯在外十九年矣，而果得晉國。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     晋侯在外十九年矣，而果得晋国。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jìn hóu zàiwài shíjiǔ nián yǐ, ér guǒ dé Jìnguó. [Pinyin]

     Duke Wen of Jin was exiled from Jin for nineteen years, and yet still became the King of Jin in the end.

8. ^† actually

   Template:zh-syn

   • 夫當今生民之患，果安在哉？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫当今生民之患，果安在哉？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: (deprecated template usage) 蘇軾, 《教戰守策》

     Fū dāngjīn shēngmín zhī huàn, guǒ ān zài zāi? [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

9. ^† if

1. a surname

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 果 – see 裹 (“to wrap; to bind; to encircle; confine; to carry off; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 裹).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Kanji

果

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
• Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
• Kun: はたす (hatasu, 果たす, Jōyō); はたす (hatasu, 果す); はてる (hateru, 果てる, Jōyō); はて (hate, 果て, Jōyō); くだもの (kudamono, 果)
• Nanori: み (mi); あきら (akira); はた (hata); はたす (hatasu); まさる (masaru)

Compounds

Compounds

• 映日果(いちじく) (ichijiku), 映(えい)日(じつ)果(か) (eijitsuka): fig
• 無花果(いちじく) (ichijiku), 無(む)花(か)果(か) (mukaka): fig
• 無花果(いちじく)果(か) (ichijikuka): syconium
• 果(か)敢(かん) (kakan): resolute, determined
• 果(か)実(じつ) (kajitsu): fruit, berry
• 果(か)樹(じゅ) (kaju): fruit tree
• 果(か)汁(じゅう) (kajū): fruit juice
• 果(か)糖(とう) (katō): fruit sugar
• 果(か)肉(にく) (kaniku): flesh of fruit
• 果(か)報(ほう) (kahō): good fortune
• 果(くだ)物(もの) (kudamono): fruit
• 青(せい)果(か) (seika): vegetables and fruits
• 摘(てき)果(か) (tekika): thinning out superfluous fruit
• 結(けっ)果(か) (kekka): result, outcome
• 成(せい)果(か) (seika): result, fruit
• 効(こう)果(か) (kōka): effect, result
• 因(いん)果(が) (inga): karma

• 戦(せん)果(か) (senka): fruit of battle
• 果(は)たす (hatasu): effect, realize
• 使(し)命(めい)を果(は)たす (shimei o hatasu): carry out one's mission
• 果(は)たして (hatashite): as was expected
• 使(つか)い果(は)たす (tsukaihatasu): use up, squander
• 果(は)てる (hateru): end, be finished
• 朽(く)ち果(は)てる (kuchihateru): decay completely
• 絶(た)え果(は)てる (taehateru): be extinguished
• 果(は)て (hate): end, extremity
• 果(は)てしない (hateshinai): endless, boundless
• 苹(へい)果(か) (heika), 苹(ひょう)果(か) (hyōka): apple (fruit)

Kanji in this term
果
か Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 果 (kuɑ^X).

Counter

果(か) • (-ka) ^{←くわ (kwa)?}

1. pieces of fruit

Noun

果(か) • (ka) ^{←くわ (kwa)?}

1. fruit
2. (Buddhism) phala, attained state, result
3. (Buddhism) enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice)

See also

• 因(いん) (in): cause, factor
• 悟(さと)り (satori): Buddhist enlightenment

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Korean

Hanja

果 • (gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)

1. fruit
2. result

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 果 (quả, hủ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.