欲

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See also: 慾
欲 U+6B32, 欲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B32
← 欱
[U+6B31] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 欳 →
[U+6B33]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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欲 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 金口弓人 (CRNO), four-corner 87682, composition ⿰谷欠)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 567, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16080
  • Dae Jaweon: page 956, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2140, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6B32

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 欲
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (谷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
螸 *lo
裕 *loɡs
容 *loŋ
溶 *loŋ, *loŋʔ
鎔 *loŋ
蓉 *loŋ
傛 *loŋ, *loŋʔ
褣 *loŋ
搈 *loŋ
瑢 *loŋ
嵱 *loŋ
熔 *loŋ
榕 *loŋ
塎 *loŋʔ
谷 *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ
唂 *kloːɡ
焀 *ɡloːɡ
俗 *ljoɡ
欲 *loɡ
浴 *loɡ
鵒 *loɡ
峪 *ɦkloːɡ
鋊 *loɡ
輍 *loɡ
慾 *loɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loɡ) : phonetic 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ) + semantic 欠.

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 欲
alternative forms 𡟔
俗

Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese လို (lui, “to want; to desire”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ju(w) (“to ask; to request”), whence Tibetan ཞུ (zhu, “to request”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 欲
Mandarin Beijing /y⁵¹/
Harbin /y⁵³/
Tianjin /y⁵³/
Jinan /y²¹/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /y³¹²/
Xi'an /y²¹/
Xining /y⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /y¹³/
Lanzhou /y¹³/
Ürümqi /y²¹³/
Wuhan /iəu²¹³/
Chengdu /yo³¹/
/y¹³/
Guiyang /iu²¹/
Kunming /iu³¹/
Nanjing /ʐuʔ⁵/
Hefei /yəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /yəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /yʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /yəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦioʔ¹/
/ɦyɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ɦioʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦyəʔ²/
Wenzhou /jo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /iuʔ²¹/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ʐəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /iəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /iuk̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʒot̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jok̚²/
Nanning /juk̚²²/
Hong Kong /jok̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /iok̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zok̚⁵/
/hau³⁵/ 訓好
Rime
Character 欲
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 燭 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余蜀切
Baxter yowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/juawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/iok̚/
Wang
Li 		/jĭwok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		juk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 欲
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yowk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢ(r)ok/
English desire (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 欲
Reading # 1/1
No. 4303
Phonetic
component 		谷
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		欲
Old
Chinese 		/*loɡ/

Definitions

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欲

  1. wish; desire
    口腹之欲  ―  kǒufùzhīyù  ―  desire to eat
    控制欲  ―  kòngzhì yù  ―  desire to control
    權力欲／权力欲  ―  quánlì yù  ―  desire for power
  2. to wish; to desire; to want
  3. about to
    搖搖欲墜／摇摇欲坠  ―  yáoyáoyùzhuì  ―  tottering (literally, “shaking or swaying as if about to collapse”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 欲 – see 慾 (“desire; lust”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 慾).
Notes:

Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
 欲
alternative forms
覓／觅
卜
發／发
勃 Eastern Min
剝／剥 Eastern Min
覓／觅
卜
發／发
勃 Eastern Min
剝／剥 Eastern Min
憋 Hainanese
 

From the grammaticalization of 發 (OC *pad, “to send out; to go forth; to proceed”) (Tu, 2017).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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欲

  1. (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Hainanese, Puxian Min) to want (to do)
    你欲佮我去圖書館無？ [Hokkien, trad.]
    你欲佮我去图书馆无？ [Hokkien, simp.]
    Lí beh kah góa khì tô͘-su-koán bô? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Do you want to go to the library with me?
  2. (Hokkien) to wish to have or keep
    我欲新的冊。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    我欲新的册。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Góa beh sin ê chheh. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I want a new book.
  3. (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Puxian Min) about to
    欲落雨矣，咱著出去收衫。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    欲落雨矣，咱着出去收衫。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Beh lo̍h-hō͘--ah, lán tio̍h chhut-khì siu-saⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    It's about to rain! Let's go out to bring in the laundry.
  4. (Hokkien, Hainanese, Puxian Min) if (an adverb expressing assumptions)
    欲我，我就會較早睏。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    欲我，我就会较早困。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Beh góa, góa tō ē khah-chá khùn. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    If I were you, I would've slept earlier.
    卜是伊就好咯。 [Puxian Min, trad. and simp.]
    boh6 si5 i1 ziu5 ho3 lo0. [Pouseng Ping'ing]
    It would be great if it was him/her.
  5. (Puxian Min) Used to express the coexistence of several conditions or qualities; both ... and ...
  6. (Puxian Min) but; on the other hand
  7. (Puxian Min) almost; nearly
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 要 (“to want (to do something)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 欲1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 要, 欲1
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 要
Taiwan 要, 想
Malaysia 要
Singapore 要
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 要
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 要
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 要
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 要
Wuhan 要
Guilin 要
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 要
Hefei 要
Cantonese Guangzhou 要, 想
Hong Kong 要, 想
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 愛
Yangjiang 愛
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 要, 想, 愛
Singapore (Guangfu) 要, 想
Gan Nanchang 要
Hakka Meixian 愛
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 愛
Wuhua (Meilin) 愛
Zijin 愛
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 愛
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 愛
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 愛
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 愛
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 愛
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 愛, 討
Kuching (Hepo) 愛
Jin Taiyuan 要
Northern Min Jian'ou 讓
Eastern Min Fuzhou 欲3
Southern Min Xiamen 欲3
Quanzhou 欲3
Jinjiang 欲3
Zhangzhou 欲3
Taipei 欲3
New Taipei (Sanxia) 欲3
Kaohsiung 欲3
Yilan 欲3
Changhua (Lukang) 欲3
Taichung 欲3
Tainan 欲3
Hsinchu 欲3
Kinmen 欲3
Penghu (Magong) 欲3
Penang (Hokkien) 愛
Singapore (Hokkien) 愛, 欲3
Manila (Hokkien) 欲3, 愛
Medan (Hokkien) 愛
Chaozhou 愛
Shantou 愛
Haifeng 愛
Singapore (Teochew) 愛
Wenchang 欲3
Qionghai 欲3
Singapore (Hainanese) 欲3
Wu Shanghai 要
Suzhou 要
Wenzhou 愛
Lishui 樂
Xiang Changsha 要
Shuangfeng 要
  • (to wish to have or keep): 要 (yāo); (Hokkien) 欲挃
Dialectal synonyms of 如果 (“if”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 若, 假, 如, 使, 令, 苟, 向, 向使, 向令, 假令, 假使, 誠, 誠使, 倘, 儻, 當使
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 若, 如, 如果, 若果, 果若, 假如, 假若, 假使, 假設, 倘若, 倘或, 倘然, 倘使, 若是, 若然, 設若, 設使, 設令, 設或, 設
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 要是, 要
Taiwan 要是, 要, 如果
Malaysia 如果
Singapore 如果
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 要是
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 要是
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 要是, 假比
Wuhan 要是
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 要是, 要, 假使
Hefei 要是, 倘此, 倘倘
Cantonese Guangzhou 如果, 若果, 若然, 假使間
Hong Kong 如果, 若果, 若然, 若然之, 假使, 假使間, 假如
Macau 假如
Taishan 如果, 假使
Yangjiang 設若
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 如果
Singapore (Guangfu) 如果
Gan Nanchang 要是, 若是
Lichuan 假使
Hakka Meixian 係話, 若係, 如果
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 若果, 係講, 係話
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 係講, 若係, 假使
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 係講, 係準, 係準講, 準講, 準假, 係若, 若係, 假使, 假詐
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 係講, 若係, 假使
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 準講, 可比, 假使, 係講, 若係, 若係講, 準若講
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 係講, 若係, 假使
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 若係講, 假使, 若講, 係講, 若係
Kuching (Hepo) 假使
Jin Taiyuan 要是
Northern Min Jian'ou 來是, 如果
Pucheng (Shibei) 來是, 如果
Eastern Min Fuzhou 儷是, 若還
Southern Min Xiamen 設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是, 甲若, 甲若是
Quanzhou 設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是
Zhangzhou 設使, 若是, 若, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是, 甲若, 甲若是
Tainan 若是, 若準, 若, 假使, 設使
Penang (Hokkien) 若是, 若準
Singapore (Hokkien) 若是
Manila (Hokkien) 若是, 若, 假使
Chaozhou 若是
Shantou 如果
Jieyang 若, 若是
Singapore (Teochew) 若是
Wenchang 但見, 欲
Haikou 麼是, 設如, 設使
Wu Shanghai 要是, 如果, 假使, 倘然, 倘使, 是得
Suzhou 要, 如果
Wenzhou 若是, 若
Xiang Changsha 要是
Shuangfeng 要是, 要此

Compounds

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Etymology 4

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 欲

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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欲

  1. (Eastern Min, Southern Min) Alternative form of 愛／爱
    1. (Eastern Min, Hokkien) to like
    2. (Teochew) to want (an object)
    3. (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Teochew) to want (to do); to wish
    4. (Hokkien, Teochew) to need to; must
    5. (Teochew) about to
    6. (Eastern Min, Hokkien) to be prone; to be easy to

See also

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References

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  • “Query for 欲”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “欲”, in 莆仙方言大词典 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 54.

Japanese

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Kanji

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欲

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. want

Readings

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Usage notes

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This character was sometimes used to phonetically transcribe the Old Japanese word for “night” (yo). [cf. Manyōshū : 4134]

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
欲
よく
Grade: 6
Alternative spelling
慾

Attested from the thirteenth century.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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欲(よく) • (yoku) 

  1. desire, a want, that which is wanted
    Synonym: 欲望 (yokubō)
    欲(よく)を言(い)うと
    yoku o iu to
    ideally; if one were to ask for one's desire
  2. greed, avarice
    Synonym: 強欲 (gōyoku)
    欲(よく)の塊(かたまり)
    yoku no katamari
    greed incarnate; a lump of avarice
  3. ambition, will
    Synonym: 意欲 (iyoku)
    欲(よく)を出(だ)せ
    yoku o dase
    aim high; show ambition

References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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欲 (eumhun 바랄 욕 (baral yok))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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欲: Hán Nôm readings: dục, giục

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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