朝
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
朝 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十十月 (JJB), four-corner 47420, composition ⿰龺月)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 506, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14374
- Dae Jaweon: page 885, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2084, character 8
- Unihan data for U+671D
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
朝 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 𦩻 晁 𨊸/䢁 調/调 ancient |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 朝 | ||
---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script |
In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 2 or 4 屮 (“grass”) + 日 (“sun”) + 月 (“moon”) – the sun rising above the grass while the waning moon is still in the sky – the morning.
In the bronze script, it was a compound of 𠦝 and a pictograph of a river (川 or 水) – this is the original form of 潮 (OC *r'ew, “tide”). The river glyph may be a corruption of 月 due to association with tides. Chi (2010) considers such forms to be phono-semantic (形聲/形声) , where 𠦝 is the abbreviated form of the phonetic 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew). In the late Western Zhou forms, 𠦝 is corrupted into 車.
In the stone drum inscriptions ((deprecated template usage) 石鼓文 (shígǔwén)), 㫃 is added (attached to 車), and the river glyph is replaced with 舟 (OC *tjɯw), which acts as a phonetic component; the small seal script likely inherits from this form. Shuowen interprets the fused component of 𠦝 and 㫃 as a semantic component 倝 (“dawn”). The 舟 component is also seen in the bamboo and wooden slips of the Warring States period.
In the clerical script, 舟 is reverted to 月; it is unclear whether this is a remnant from 月 in the oracle bone script or a corruption of 舟 (as in 朕 < 𦩎). The current form is essentially inherited from the clerical script.
Etymology
“Morning” > “perform the morning ceremony” > “to go/come to court; to have an audience”. Derivative: 潮 (OC *r'ew, “morning tide”).
Perhaps related to Thai เพรา (prao, “morning”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ziu1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chêu
- Eastern Min (BUC): diĕu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 1tsau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhao
- Wade–Giles: chao1
- Yale: jāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jau
- Palladius: чжао (čžao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ziu1
- Yale: jīu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dziu1
- Guangdong Romanization: jiu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chêu
- Hakka Romanization System: zeu´
- Hagfa Pinyim: zeu1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡seu̯²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: diĕu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tieu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- ziao1 - Shantou;
- ziou1 - Chaozhou.
- Middle Chinese: trjew
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*t<r>aw/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔr'ew/
Definitions
- morning
- 朝夕 ― zhāoxī ― morning and evening; all the time
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min) breakfast
- moment; short period
- daytime; day; full day
- active; energetic; lively
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhèu
- Eastern Min (BUC): dièu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6zau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cháo
- Wade–Giles: chʻao2
- Yale: cháu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaur
- Palladius: чао (čao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ciu4
- Yale: chìuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu4
- Guangdong Romanization: qiu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhèu
- Hakka Romanization System: ceuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ceu2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dièu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tieu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- ciao5 - Shantou;
- ciou5 - Chaozhou.
- Middle Chinese: drjew
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-t<r>aw/
- (Zhengzhang): /*r'ew/
Definitions
- (historical) to wish elders or seniors good health; to visit (a senior person)
- (historical) to have an audience with the king or emperor; to perform the morning ceremony; to go to court
- to make a pilgrimage to; to pay homage to
- to assemble; to call; to gather
- imperial court
- dynasty (line of rulers)
- emperor's reign; period ruled by a particular emperor or king
- government; imperial government
- affairs of the state
- (historical) courtier class
- (Huizhou) paternal grandfather
- to face
- towards; to; on
- Short for 朝鮮/朝鲜 (Cháoxiǎn, “North Korea; Korea”).
Synonyms
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)←てう (teu, historical); じょう (jō)←でう (deu, historical)
- Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)←てう (teu, historical)
- Kun: あさ (asa, 朝, Jōyō); あした (ashita, 朝)
- Nanori: あ (a); あそ (aso); ささ (sasa); ちか (chika); とも (tomo)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
朝 |
あさ Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Historically a day was split into two halves:
- afternoon cycle: 朝 (asa), 昼 (hiru), 夕 (yū)
- evening cycle: 夕べ (yūbe), 宵 (yoi), 夜中 (yonaka), 暁 (akatsuki), 朝 (ashita)
While asa and ashita represent the same time period, asa was associated with beginning of the afternoon and ashita was associated with the end of the night. Both terms share an initial as- and are likely etymologically related.
Pronunciation
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Noun
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
朝 |
あした Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Historically a day was split into two halves:
- afternoon cycle: 朝 (asa), 昼 (hiru), 夕 (yū)
- evening cycle: 夕べ (yūbe), 宵 (yoi), 夜中 (yonaka), 暁 (akatsuki), 朝 (ashita)
While asa and ashita represent the same time period, asa was associated with beginning of the afternoon and ashita was associated with the end of the night. Both terms share an initial as- and are likely etymologically related.
Pronunciation
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Alternative forms
Noun
Usage notes
The spelling 明日 is much more common in modern Japanese.
Etymology 3
Suffix
Kanji in this term |
---|
朝 |
ちょう Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
- dynasty
- ブルボン朝
- Burubon-chō
- the Bourbon Dynasty
- ブルボン朝
References
Korean
Hanja
朝 • (jo)
- Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 조 (revised: jo, McCune–Reischauer: cho, Yale: co)
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Vietnamese
Han character
朝: Hán Nôm readings: triều, chầu, chào, tràu, trều, triêu, chiều, giàu, giầu, trào
- Related to chầu (“to attend an audience; to attend upon (in design)”). (Nguyễn Văn Khang. Từ ngoại lai trong tiếng Việt, 2007)
Readings
- Nôm: chào, chầu, chiều, chìu, dèo, giàu, trào, trèo, triêu, triều
References
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
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