肉

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Translingual

Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • ⺼ U+2EBC (when used as a left Chinese radical in compositions)

The left component form ⺼looks very similar to ⺝, the left radical form of 月 (“moon”), and is often drawn identically in compounds, though they are etymologically distinct, and careful usage distinguishes the cross strokes, with ⺼ written with unattached diagonal strokes. This is particularly an issue in looking up characters by radical; compare 月 index and 肉 index.

The radical form ⺼ may also appear twisted to a diagonal, resembling 夕 with an added line, as in 祭, 然, and 將.

Han character

See images of
Radical 130 肉

肉 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人月人 (OBO), four-corner 40227, composition ⿵内人)

  1. Kangxi radical #130, ⾁.

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 973, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29236
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1424, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2931, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8089

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 肉
alternative forms
 
宍
𥤬
𠕜
𡧢
𠕎
宍
𥤬
𠕜
𡧢
𠕎
𮌇

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 肉
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
Characters in the same phonetic series (肉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
朒 *nuɡ
肉 *njuɡ

Pictogram (象形) – ribs of an animal’s torso or simply a physical representation of a slice of meat. For more images, please refer to this link: http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=肉

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja-k (“meat, flesh”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • rou4 - literary;
  • ru2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • jio̍k, lio̍k - literary;
  • he̍k, hia̍k - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 肉
Mandarin Beijing /ʐou⁵¹/
Harbin /ʐou⁵³/
Tianjin /iou⁵³/
/ʐou⁵³/
Jinan /ʐou²¹/
Qingdao /iou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐou³¹²/
Xi'an /ʐou⁴⁴/
Xining /ʐɯ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʐəu¹³/
Lanzhou /ʐou¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤu²¹³/
Wuhan /nəu²¹³/
Chengdu /zu³¹/
/zəu¹³/
Guiyang /zu²¹/
Kunming /ʐəu²¹²/
/ʐu³¹/
Nanjing /ʐəɯ⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐɯ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /zəu⁴⁵/ 豬～
/zuəʔ²/ ～桂
Pingyao /ʐəu³⁵/
Hohhot /ʐəu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ȵioʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵioʔ³/
Hangzhou /zoʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵɤu²¹³/
Hui Shexian /niu²²/
Tunxi /ȵiu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʐəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /iəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ȵiuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiuk̚¹/
Taoyuan /ŋiuk̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jok̚²/
Nanning /juk̚²²/
Hong Kong /jʊk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liɔk̚⁵/
/hik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nyʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ny⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /nek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hiɔk̚³/
Rime
Character 肉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 如六切
Baxter nyuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵiuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑiuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵuwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		juk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 肉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ròu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*k.nuk/
English meat, flesh

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 肉
Reading # 1/1
No. 10866
Phonetic
component 		肉
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		肉
Old
Chinese 		/*njuɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 肉

  1. meat; flesh
    豬肉／猪肉  ―  zhūròu  ―  pork
    牛肉  ―  niúròu  ―  beef
    我從不吃肉。／我从不吃肉。  ―  Wǒ cóngbù chī ròu.  ―  I never eat meat.
    這種魚的肉異常鮮美。 [MSC, trad.]
    这种鱼的肉异常鲜美。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè zhǒng yú de ròu yìcháng xiānměi. [Pinyin]
    The flesh of this kind of fish has exceptional delicacy.
    他們可以飽餐一頓這些死動物的肉。 [MSC, trad.]
    他们可以饱餐一顿这些死动物的肉。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen kěyǐ bǎocānyīdùn zhèxiē sǐ dòngwù de ròu. [Pinyin]
    They could feast on the flesh of the dead animals.
  2. (specifically) pork
    肉三鮮的餃子／肉三鲜的饺子  ―  ròusānxiān de jiǎozi  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    蒜薹炒肉  ―  suàntái chǎo ròu  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  3. body
    肉體／肉体  ―  ròutǐ  ―  physical body
  4. flesh; pulp
    這桃子肉味甜汁多。 [MSC, trad.]
    这桃子肉味甜汁多。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè táozi ròu wèi tián zhī duō. [Pinyin]
    The flesh of the peach was sweet and juicy.
  5. (dialectal) spongy; squashy; flabby
    這西瓜瓤兒太肉了。 [MSC, trad.]
    这西瓜瓤儿太肉了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè xīguā rángr tài ròu le. [Pinyin]
    The pulp of this watermelon is too spongy.
  6. (dialectal) slow; sluggish
    這個人做事真肉。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个人做事真肉。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge rén zuòshì zhēn ròu. [Pinyin]
    This person does everything sluggishly.

Compounds

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Descendants

Sino-Xenic (肉):
  • → Japanese: 肉(にく) (niku)
  • → Korean: 육(肉) (yuk)
  • → Vietnamese: nhục (肉)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
 肉
alternative forms 脈／脉
𬁲

Unclear. Reminiscent of 脢 (OC *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs, “dorsal meat”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, it may be of substrate origin. Compare (Deng, 1994):

Pronunciation

Note: chiefly overseas.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 肉 (Southern Min)

  1. meat; flesh
    豬肉／猪肉 [Hokkien]  ―  ti-bah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  pork
    牛肉 [Hokkien]  ―  gû-bah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  beef
  2. pork
    肉骨 [Hokkien]  ―  bah-kut [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  pork ribs
  3. flesh; pulp
    龍眼乾肉／龙眼干肉 [Hokkien]  ―  lêng-géng-koaⁿ bah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  flesh of dried longan
  4. main part of an object
    刀肉 [Hokkien]  ―  to-bah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  blade of a knife or sword
References

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

肉

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. flesh, meat

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
肉
しし
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese. Not used in isolation in modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Japanese. Persists in compounds.

Cognate with 獣 (shishi, “beast, especially one used for meat”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

肉(しし) • (shishi) 

  1. (obsolete) meat
  2. (obsolete) flesh, as of one's body
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3885:
      ; text here:
      吾完者 御奈麻須波夜志
      我(わ)が肉(しし)はみ膾(なます)はやし
      wa ga shishi wa mi-namasu hayashi
      use my flesh for your side-dish
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
肉
にく
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 肉 (*njiuk). Compare modern Min Nan 肉 (jiok8) or Hakka 肉 (ngiuk7).

Pronunciation

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Noun

肉(にく) • (niku) 

  1. meat, the muscle and fat tissue of an animal used as food
  2. the flesh of an animal
  3. the flesh of a fruit or vegetable
  4. one's body, as opposed to spirit
  5. the thickness of a thing
    板(いた)の肉(にく)
    ita no niku
    the thickness of a board
  6. (figurative) the flesh or meat of something, such as an idea, structure, or argument
    議(ぎ)論(ろん)に肉(にく)をつける
    giron ni niku o tsukeru
    to put some meat on an argument, to flesh out an argument
  7. an ink pad, a stamp pad
  8. (theater, kabuki) short for 肉襦袢 (niku juban): flesh-toned undergarments worn by actors and shown when the character has to display their skin
Synonyms
Derived terms
Derived terms

Template:der-mid

References


Korean

Hanja

肉 (eumhun 고기 육 (gogi yuk))

  1. Hanja form? of 육 (“meat, flesh”).

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 肉 (nhục)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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