休

See also: 体

休	U+4F11, 休 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F11

← 伐
[U+4F10]

CJK Unified Ideographs

伒 →
[U+4F12]

㊡	U+32A1, ㊡ CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH REST

← ㊠
[U+32A0]

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months

㊢ →
[U+32A2]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

休 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人木 (OD), four-corner 2429₀, composition ⿰亻木)

Derived characters[edit]

咻恘㳜㹯烌䏫䛙貅銝䮌鮴鵂(鸺) 恷烋茠庥㾋髹

References[edit]

KangXi: page 96, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 440
Dae Jaweon: page 203, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 117, character 18
Unihan data for U+4F11

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		休

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 休

Shang

Western Zhou

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j14217	j14218	j14219	j14220	j14221	j14222	j14223	j14224
j14225

**Bronze inscriptions**
b08748	b08749	b08750	b08751	b08752	b08753	b08754	b08755
b08756	b08757	b08758	b08759	b08760	b08761	b08762	b08763
b08764	b08765	b08766	b08767	b08768	b08769	b08770	b08771
b08772	b08773	b08774	b08775	b08776	b08777	b08778	b08779
b08780	b08781	b08782	b08783	b08784	b08785	b08786	b08787
b08788	b08789	b08790	b08791	b08793	b08794	b08795	b08796
b08797	b08798	b08799	b08800	b08801	b08802	b08803	b08804
b08805	b08806	b08807	b08808	b08809

**Small seal script**
s04385

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L11653	L11654	L11655	L11656	L11657	L11658	L11659

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (休) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
茠	*qʰuː
烋	qʰruː, qʰru
恘	*kʰu
休	*qʰu
貅	*qʰu
咻	qʰu, qʰoʔ
庥	*qʰu
鵂	*qʰu
髤	*qʰu
髹	*qʰu

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 人 (“man”) + 木 (“tree”) – a man leaning against a tree, resting.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiū (xiu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щю (xi͡u, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau¹
Gan (Wiktionary): xiu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hiû

(Meixian, Guangdong): hiu¹
Jin (Wiktionary): xiou¹
Min Bei (KCR): hiú
Min Dong (BUC): hiĕu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hiu

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiun¹ / hiu¹
Wu (Wiktionary): xieu (T1)
Xiang (Wiktionary): xiou¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xiū
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiou
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siou
  - Wade–Giles: hsiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjoʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щю (xi͡u, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiou²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau¹
  - Yale: yāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiu⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiû
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯u²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /çiu⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xiou¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiəu¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hiú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiu⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieu⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiu
  - Tâi-lô: hiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiun¹ / hiu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ / hiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩũ³³/, /hiu³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: xieu (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɜ⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: xiou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiəu³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 休
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiou⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕiou⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕiou²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕiou²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ɕiou²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiou²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕiou²¹/
	Xining	/ɕiɯ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiəu⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiou³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɤu⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ɕiəu⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ɕiəɯ³¹/
	Hefei	/ɕiɯ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiəu¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiɤ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ɕiɤ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiø³³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕau³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiu³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/siu¹¹/ ～息 /ɕiu¹¹/ ～寧
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiəu³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕiəɯ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiu⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiu⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hiu²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐu⁵³/
	Nanning	/jɐu⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jɐu⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiu⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieu⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xiu⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hĩu³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hiu²³/

Middle Chinese: /hɨu/

Rime
Character	休
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許尤切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/hiu/
Shao Rongfen	/xiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/huw/
Li Rong	/xiu/
Wang Li	/xĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)u/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰu/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	休	休
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiū	xiū
Middle Chinese	‹ xjuw ›	‹ xjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰ(r)u/	/*qʰ(r)u/
English	rest (v.)	blessing
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	休
Reading #	1/1
No.	13919
Phonetic component	休
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	休
Old Chinese	/*qʰu/

Definitions[edit]

休

to rest; to relax
joyous; happy
休戚與共 / 休戚与共 ― xiūqīyǔgòng ― to share joys and sorrows; to be happy and sorrowful together
(archaic, literary) glory; virtue; goodness (what is worthy of praise and celebration)
- 虎拜稽首，對揚王休。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  虎拜稽首，对扬王休。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Hǔ bài qǐshǒu, duì yáng Wáng xiū. [Pinyin]
  Hu bowed with his head to the ground,
  And in response displayed the goodness of the King.
(archaic, literary) bliss; auspicious omen
- 此三子者，皆布衣之士也；懷怒未發，休祲降於天，與臣而將四矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  此三子者，皆布衣之士也；怀怒未发，休祲降于天，与臣而将四矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE
  Cǐ sān zǐ zhě, jiē bùyī zhī shì yě; huái nù wèi fā, xiū jìn jiàng yú tiān, yǔ chén ér jiāng sì yǐ. [Pinyin]
  All of those three worthy men were heroes among humble commoners who, having not even released their wrath, saw omens auspicious to their heroic deeds and ruinous to their opponents dispatched by Heaven. Now, with me, there is about to be a fourth.
to stop; to cease
喋喋不休 ― diédiébùxiū ― to talk endlessly
to retire
(historical) to cast off one’s wife and send her home; to divorce one's wife
do not; don't
a surname.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 休

不休 (bùxiū)
不眠不休 (bùmiánbùxiū)
不肯干休
不能自休
中休 (zhōngxiū)
乞休
介休 (Jièxiū)
休休
休假 (xiūjià)
休克 (xiūkè)
休兵
休刊 (xiūkān)
休命
休咎
休士頓市／休士顿市
休妻 (xiūqī)
休嫌
休學／休学 (xiūxué)
休屠
休崙湖／休仑湖
休市 (xiūshì)
休徵／休征
休怪
休息 (xiūxi)
休息室 (xiūxishì)
休想 (xiūxiǎng)
休憩 (xiūqì)
休戚 (xiūqī)
休戚相關／休戚相关 (xiūqīxiāngguān)
休戚與共／休戚与共 (xiūqīyǔgòng)
休戰／休战 (xiūzhàn)
休提
休明
休暇 (xiūxiá)
休書／休书 (xiūshū)
休會／休会 (xiūhuì)
休業／休业 (xiūyè)
休業式／休业式
休歇 (xiūxiē)

休止 (xiūzhǐ)
休止符 (xiūzhǐfú)
休沐
休漁期／休渔期 (xiūyúqī)
休火山 (xiūhuǒshān)
休烈
休牛放馬／休牛放马
休牛散馬／休牛散马
休牛歸馬／休牛归马
休眠 (xiūmián)
休眠期
休眠火山 (xiūmián huǒshān)
休管
休耕 (xiūgēng)
休職／休职 (xiūzhí)
休致 (xiūzhì)
休診／休诊 (xiūzhěn)
休閒／休闲 (xiūxián)
休閒活動／休闲活动
休離／休离
休養／休养 (xiūyǎng)
休養生息／休养生息 (xiūyǎngshēngxī)
何休
便休
公休 (gōngxiū)
刺刺不休
勒休
同休共戚
呶呶不休 (náonáobùxiū)
善罷干休／善罢干休
善罷甘休／善罢甘休 (shànbàgānxiū)
喋喋不休 (diédiébùxiū)
天休 (tiānxiū)
奪休／夺休
官休
干休 (gānxiū)
意休不休
按甲休兵
旬休

References[edit]

“Entry #2059”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese[edit]

See also 休する

Kanji[edit]

休

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
Kun: やすまる (yasumaru, 休まる, Jōyō); やすむ (yasumu, 休む, Jōyō); やすめる (yasumeru, 休める, Jōyō); いこう (ikou, 休う)^{←いこふ (ikofu, historical)}; やむ (yamu, 休む)
Nanori: やすみ (yasumi)

Noun[edit]

休(きゅう) • (kyū)

rest; vacation

Compounds[edit]

Compounds containing 休

休(きゅう)意(い) (kyūi, “peace, tranquility”)
休(きゅう)演(えん) (kyūen, “suspending performance”)
休(きゅう)暇(か) (kyūka, “holiday, day off”)
休(きゅう)火(か)山(ざん) (kyūkazan, “dormant volcano”)
休(きゅう)会(かい) (kyūkai, “adjournment, recess”)
休(きゅう)学(がく) (kyūgaku, “suspension of studies”)
休(きゅう)刊(かん) (kyūkan, “suspension of publication”)
休(きゅう)閑(かん) (kyūkan, “fallowing”)
休(きゅう)館(かん) (kyūkan, “library or museum closure”)
休(きゅう)漁(りょう) (kyūryō, “suspension of fishing”)
休(きゅう)業(ぎょう) (kyūgyō, “business closure”)
休(きゅう)憩(けい) (kyūkei, “rest”)
休(きゅう)校(こう) (kyūkō, “school closure”)
休(きゅう)耕(こう) (kyūkō, “lying fallow”)
休(きゅう)航(こう) (kyūkō, “suspension of sailing”)
休(きゅう)講(こう) (kyūkō, “canceled lecture”)
休(きゅう)載(さい) (kyūsai, “suspension of publication”)
休(きゅう)止(し) (kyūshi, “pause”)
休(きゅう)祥(しょう) (kyūshō, “good omen”)

休(きゅう)場(じょう) (kyūjō, “theater closure, stage absence”)
休(きゅう)職(しょく) (kyūshoku, “suspension from office”)
休(きゅう)心(しん) (kyūshin, “rest assured”)
休(きゅう)診(しん) (kyūshin, “temporary closing of doctor's office”)
休(きゅう)錘(すい) (kyūsui, “suspension of fabric factory operations”)
休(きゅう)戚(せき) (kyūseki, “joy and sorrow”)
休(きゅう)戦(せん) (kyūsen, “truce, armistice”)
休(きゅう)息(そく) (kyūsoku, “rest, relaxation”)
足(あし)休(やすめ) (ashiyasume, “resting feet”)
休(きゅう)怠(たい) (kyūtai, “laziness”)
休(きゅう)廷(てい) (kyūtei, “court recess”)
休(きゅう)転(てん) (kyūten, “suspension of operations”)
休(きゅう)電(でん) (kyūden, “electricity outage”)
休(きゅう)日(じつ) (kyūjitsu, “holiday, day off”)
休(きゅう)泊(はく)所(じょ) (kyūhakujo, “resting place”)
休(きゅう)符(ふ) (kyūfu, “rest (in music)”)
休(きゅう)眠(みん) (kyūmin, “idle”)
休(きゅう)養(よう) (kyūyō, “rest”)
運(うん)休(きゅう) (unkyū)

Related terms[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 休 (MC hɨu).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 휴ᇢ (Yale: hyuw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 휴 (hyu) (Yale: hyu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation[edit]

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [çu]
Phonetic hangul: [휴]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

休

Wikisource

休 (eumhun 쉴 휴 (swil hyu))

Hanja form^? of 휴 (“rest; relax”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

휴면 (休眠, hyumyeon)
휴전 (休戰, hyujeon)
휴가 (休暇, hyuga, “leave; vacation”)
휴식 (休息, hyusik, “rest; break”)
휴일 (休日, hyuil, “holiday”)
휴지 (休紙, hyuji, “waste paper; tissue”)
연휴 (連休, yeonhyu, “holidays”)
휴업 (休業, hyueop, “temporary business closure”)
휴게실 (休憩室, hyugesil, “lounge”)

References[edit]

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]