太

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 大 and 犬
太 U+592A, 太
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-592A
← 天
[U+5929] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夫 →
[U+592B]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order
太-order.gif

Han character[edit]

太 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 大戈 (KI), four-corner 40030, composition ⿵大丶)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 248, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5834
  • Dae Jaweon: page 505, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 524, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+592A

Chinese[edit]

Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (大) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
馱 *daːl, *daːds
大 *daːds, *daːds
忕 *tʰaːds, *daːds, *djads
太 *tʰaːds
汰 *tʰaːds
汏 *daːds, *tʰaːd
軑 *daːds, *deːds
釱 *daːds, *deːds
达 *tʰeːds
杕 *deːds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰaːds): phonetic 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds, “big; great”) + semantic 丶 – excessive.

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 太
alternative forms 冭

A superlative derivative of 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds, “big”) – be too great, very great, excessive.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Rime
Character 太
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰajH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰɑiH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		taai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 太
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁa[t]-s/
English great

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 太
Reading # 1/1
No. 1937
Phonetic
component 		大
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		泰
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰaːds/
Definitions[edit]

太

  1. too; so (modifying adjectives; often used with 了 (le) at the end of the sentence for emphasis)
    太熱了！／太热了！  ―  Tài rè le!  ―  It's so hot!
    別吃太多派。／别吃太多派。  ―  Bié chī tài duō pài.  ―  Don't eat too much pie.
  2. (usually in negative sentences) very; quite
    他不太舒服。 [Taiwanese Mandarin]  ―  Tā bù tài shūfú. [Pinyin]  ―  He's not very well.
  3. most; utmost
  4. highest; greatest
  5. senior; noble
  6. Short for 太湖 (Tàihú, “Lake Tai, a lake in Southern Jiangsu, China”).
  7. Short for 太平洋 (Tàipíngyáng, “Pacific Ocean”).
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 太 (“too; excessively”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 太, 過於
Mandarin Beijing 太, 忒
Taiwan 太
Tianjin 太, 忒
Jinan 太, 忒
Wanrong 太
Xi'an 太
Yinchuan 太
Wuhan 太, 忒
Chengdu 太
Guiyang 太
Guilin 太
Xuzhou 忒
Yangzhou 太
Hefei 太
Malaysia 太
Singapore 太
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 太
Cantonese Guangzhou 太, 得滯 >, 過頭 >
Hong Kong 太, 太過, 得滯 >, 過頭 >
Taishan 得滯 >
Dongguan 得滯 >
Yangjiang 得滯 >
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 太
Singapore (Guangfu) 太
Gan Nanchang 太
Lichuan 太
Pingxiang 太
Hakka Meixian 忒
Dongguan (Qingxi) 太, 過頭 >
Wuhua (Huacheng) 忒
Heyuan (Bendihua) 太
Wengyuan 太
Liannan 太
Jiexi 忒
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 太, 忒
Changting 忒
Wuping 忒
Wuping (Yanqian) 忒
Liancheng 忒
Ninghua 忒
Yudu 太
Ningdu 太, 忒
Tonggu (Sandu) 忒
Ganzhou (Panlong) 太
Dayu 太
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 忒
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 忒
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 忒
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 忒
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 忒
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 忒
Hong Kong 太, 過頭 >
Yangxi (Tangkou) 太
Yangchun (Sanjia) 太
Xinyi (Sihe) 太
Xinyi (Qianpai) 太
Gaozhou (Xindong) 太
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 太
Huazhou (Xin'an) 忒
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 忒
Lianjiang (Qingping) 太
Mengshan (Xihe) 太
Luchuan 太
Senai (Huiyang) 過頭 >
Kuching (Hepo) 過頭
Huizhou Jixi 太
Jin Taiyuan 太
Min Bei Jian'ou 忒
Jian'ou (Dikou) 忒
Songxi 忒
Zhenghe 忒
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 忒
Jianyang 忒
Wuyishan 忒
Pucheng (Shibei) 忒
Min Dong Fuzhou 過, 恰
Changle 恰
Lianjiang 恰
Fuqing 恰
Pingtan 恰
Yongtai 恰
Minqing 恰
Gutian 恰
Pingnan 恰
Luoyuan 恰
Fu'an 恰
Ningde 恰
Xiapu 恰
Zherong 恰
Shouning 恰
Zhouning 恰
Fuding 恰
Min Nan Xiamen 傷, 傷過
Xiamen (Tong'an) 傷
Quanzhou 傷, 傷過
Jinjiang 傷, 太
Nan'an 傷
Shishi 傷
Hui'an 傷
Anxi 傷
Yongchun 傷
Dehua 傷
Zhangzhou 傷, 傷過
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 傷
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 傷
Hua'an 傷
Nanjing 傷
Pinghe 傷
Zhangpu 傷
Yunxiao 傷
Zhao'an 傷
Dongshan 傷
Taipei 傷
New Taipei (Sanxia) 傷
Kaohsiung 傷
Yilan 傷
Changhua (Lukang) 傷
Taichung 傷
Tainan 傷
Hsinchu 傷
Kinmen 傷
Penghu (Magong) 傷
Penang (Hokkien) 傷, 太
Singapore (Hokkien) 傷, 傷過, 過, 佮
Manila (Hokkien) 傷, 傷過
Longyan 蓋
Zhangping 傷
Chaozhou 佮
Shantou 佮, 過
Jieyang 佮, 過
Bangkok (Teochew) 佮
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 佮
Singapore (Teochew) 佮, 過
Puxian Min Putian 傷
Xianyou 傷
Min Zhong Yong'an 太
Sanyuan 忒
Shaxian 太
Wu Shanghai 忒, 過於, 忒煞, 忒以 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 忒
Suzhou 忒
Hangzhou 忒
Ningbo 忒
Wenzhou 忒
Jinhua 太, 忒
Xiang Changsha 太
Shuangfeng 太, 忒
Note > - after adjective or adverb
See also[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note:
  • tài - when used as 1-character title;
  • tai - when used after 太.
  • Cantonese
    • Note: taai3-2 - “Mrs.” when used on its own.
    Definitions[edit]

    太

    1. Short for 太太 (tàitai, “wife; Miss; Mrs”).
    1. 太太  ―  tàitai  ―  wife
    2. 李太 [Cantonese]  ―  lei5 taai3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  Mrs. Li
    3. 陳太／陈太 [Cantonese]  ―  can4 taai3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  Mrs. Chen

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    太

    1. † Only used in 太末.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 太

    Etymology 2[edit]

    See Korean 太.

    Definitions[edit]

    太

    1. (Korean Classical Chinese) soybean
      Synonym: 大豆 (dàdòu)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 太 – see 泰 (“big; large; great; extensive; etc.”).
    (This character, 太, is the second-round simplified form of 泰.)
    Notes:

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    太

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. (adjective): fat

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Old Japanese.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    太(ふと) • (futo) 

    1. fatness
    2. a fat person, a fatty
    3. fat-necked shamisen
    4. thick thread
    Synonyms[edit]
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Prefix[edit]

    太(ふと) • (futo-) 

    1. added to words describing gods or the emperor or other exalted subjects to denote greatness or excellence
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 17, poem 4031); text here
        奈加等美乃 敷刀能里⟨等其⟩等 伊比波良倍 安⟨賀⟩布伊能知毛 多我多米尓奈礼
        中臣の 太祝詞言 言ひ祓へ 贖ふ命も 誰がために汝れ
        なかとみの ふとのりとごと いひはらへ あかふいのちも たがためになれ
        Nakatomi no / futonoritogoto / iiharae / akau inochi mo / ta ga tame ni nare
        Reciting the Nakatomi's excellent ritual offering, whose [long] life was prayed for? Yours.
    2. added to regular nouns to denote fatness or thickness
      太(ふと)腿(もも)、太(ふと)箸(ばし)
      futo-momo, futo-bashi
      the thigh (the thick part of the leg), fat chopsticks (used at New Years)
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2[edit]

    The Old Japanese 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal (sentence-final) form”) of adjective 太い (futoi, “fat, thick, big”).[2]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    太(ふとし) • (Futoshi) 

    1. a male given name

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Derived from the root word 大 (ō, “great, big”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    太(おお) • (Ō) ←おほ (ofo)?

    1. a surname

    Etymology 4[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 太 (thajH). Compare modern Mandarin 太 (tài).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Prefix[edit]

    太(たい) • (tai-) 

    1. big, fat, great
    Usage notes[edit]
    • Only found in compounds.
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 5[edit]

    From a colloquial form of 太 in Middle Chinese. Compare the similar corruption in Mandarin 大 (dà).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Prefix[edit]

    太(た) • (ta-) 

    1. big, fat, great
    Usage notes[edit]

    Only found in compounds.

    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Korean[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource


    Pronunciation[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 太 (MC tʰɑiH). The "pollock" sense is supposedly from the surname, after a fisherman.

    Hanja[edit]

    太 (eumhun 클 태 (keul tae))

    1. Hanja form? of 태 (“large; great; big; excessive”). [affix]
    2. Hanja form? of 태. [surname]
    3. Hanja form? of 태 (“pollock”). [affix]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    A Korean graphic abbreviation of Chinese 大豆 (“soybean”, literally “big bean”), perhaps attested as early as the eighth century.

    Presumably, it was originally used as a logogram for the native Korean word 코ᇰ (Yale: khwòng, “soybean”), without a Sino-Korean reading of its own. At some point—perhaps after the logogramic representation of native Korean words declined following the invention of the Hangul alphabet in the 1400s—it became conflated with the visually identical character 太 (“large; great”) and now shares its Sino-Korean reading, 태 (tae).

    Hanja[edit]

    太 (eumhun 콩 태 (kong tae))

    1. Hanja form? of 태 (“soybean”). [affix]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    太: Hán Nôm readings: Thái

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=太&oldid=71136362"