正
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
As a component of some complex characters, 正 is often written as 𤴓 with its last two strokes different. Compare 昰 and 是.
Han character
正 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一卜中一 (MYLM), four-corner 10101, composition ⿱一止)
Usage notes
- (tally marks, 5): The successive strokes of 正 () are used in China, Japan, and Korea to designate tallies in votes, scores, points, sushi orders, and the like, much as is used in Europe, Africa, Australia, North and South Americas. Tallies beyond five are written with a 正 for each group of five, followed by the remainder. For example, a tally of twelve is written as 正正丅.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 574, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16255
- Dae Jaweon: page 962, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1436, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6B63
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
正 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 正 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs) : phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) + semantic 止 (“foot”) – to go on a long journey. Original form of 征 (OC *tjeŋ, “to go on long campaign”).
Etymology
Sino-Tibetan or area word: “centre; target; first (month); straight; correct”.
Compare Mizo dîng (“to go straight or direct (as person, arrow etc.); to go straight through without breaking the journey; straight; direct”). Matisoff sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”) for this, which includes 正, 直 (OC *dɯɡ, “straight; right”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”).
Additionally, Matisoff has Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(r)waŋ (“straight; straighten”), whence Chepang धेङ्सा (dʰeŋ-, “straight”), Jingpho ding (“straight”), Tibetan དྲང་པོ (drang po, “straight; correct; upright; just; fair”), Burmese တန်း (tan:, “straight; to head straight for”). Also compare Khmer ទៀង (tiəng, “accurate; correct; exact; precise; honest”).
Derivatives:
- 征 (OC *tjeŋ, “to go straight > to go on a journey”)
- 政 (OC *tjeŋs, “correct; to govern; government; to determine”)
- 整 (OC *tjeŋʔ, “orderly; to arrange; to dispose”)
Pronunciation 1
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Definitions
- straight; upright; central; in proper position
- right; proper; correct
- exact; standardized; just so
- regular-shaped; regular; square
- primary; chief; main
- pure; unmixed; authentic; true
- pretty; attractive; beautiful
- honest; upright; honourable
- (Cantonese) awesome; fantastic
- just now; right now; in the process of
- to straighten; to make straight; to adjust
- to make right; to rectify; to correct
- (tally marks) 5
- (numismatics) obverse
- (numeral) ten duodecillion(1040)
- (mathematics) positive; plus
- (physics) positive
- (time) sharp
- (Teochew) only; merely
- (Teochew) just; just now
- (Teochew) only then; only after
- (Teochew) Used to emphasize that something is/is not.
- (Teochew) right (direction)
- a surname
- Individual strokes are added in writing sequence to tally a count of five per character.
Compounds
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See also
Chinese numerals | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
104 | 108 | 1012 | 1016 | 1020 | 1024 | 1028 | 1032 | 1036 | 1040 | 1044 | 1048 | |
萬/万 (wàn) | 億/亿 (yì) | 兆 (zhào) (Taiwan) | 京 (jīng) (Taiwan) | 垓 (gāi) | 秭 (zǐ) | 穰 (ráng) | 溝/沟 (gōu) | 澗/涧 (jiàn) | 正 (zhèng) | 載/载 (zài) | 極/极 (jí) | |
萬億/万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China) |
億億/亿亿 (Mainland China) |
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zing1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): châng
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciăng / cĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jheng
- Wade–Giles: chêng1
- Yale: jēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeng
- Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zing1
- Yale: jīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzing1
- Guangdong Romanization: jing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châng
- Hakka Romanization System: zang´
- Hagfa Pinyim: zang1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡saŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ciăng / cĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- ciăng - vernacular;
- cĭng - literary.
- Middle Chinese: tsyeng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.teŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋ/
Definitions
- first (month of the lunar year)
- † bull's eye; centre of target
- † target; goal
- † Original form of 征 (zhēng, “to levy”).
- † Original form of 征 (zhēng, “to go on a punitive expedition”).
Compounds
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Descendants
Others:
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- Lü: ᦵᦈᧂ (ṫseng, “first month in Dai lunar calendar, starting in November”)
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Kun: ただしい (tadashii, 正しい, Jōyō); ただす (tadasu, 正す, Jōyō); まさ (masa, 正, Jōyō); まさに (masani, 正に)
- Nanori: おお (ō); くに (kuni); ま (ma); まさし (masashi); ただし (tadashi)
Compounds
Numeral
- A number of ten-duodecillion(1040) in modern Japanese since 17th century.
- 5. Similar to four vertical lines followed by a slanted horizontal line crossing through them, this character is used to count to 5 stroke by stroke. Thus this kanji written up to the third stroke represents 3. After the fifth and final stroke, when this character is completed, one starts writing this character again to count to higher numbers.
Derived terms
Proper noun
- a male given name
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 正 (MC tsyeng|tsyengH).
Hanja
正 (eumhun 바를 정 (bareul jeong))
Compounds
- 정곡 (正鵠, jeonggok)
- 정규 (正規, jeonggyu)
- 정답 (正答, jeongdap)
- 정당 (正當, jeongdang)
- 정도 (正道, jeongdo)
- 정면 (正面, jeongmyeon)
- 정문 (正門, jeongmun)
- 정상 (正常, jeongsang)
- 정색 (正色, jeongsaek)
- 정식 (正式, jeongsik)
- 정안 (正眼, jeong'an)
- 정오 (正午, jeong'o)
- 정오 (正誤, jeong'o)
- 정원 (正員, jeong'won)
- 정월 (正月, jeong'wol)
- 정의 (正義, jeong'ui)
- 정장 (正裝, jeongjang)
- 정직 (正直, jeongjik)
- 정체 (正體, jeongche)
- 정통 (正統, jeongtong)
- 정품 (正品, jeongpum)
- 정화 (正貨, jeonghwa)
- 정확 (正確, jeonghwak)
- 개정 (改正, gaejeong)
- 경정 (更正, gyeongjeong)
- 경정 (梗正, gyeongjeong)
- 공정 (公正, gongjeong)
- 광정 (匡正, gwangjeong)
- 교정 (校正, gyojeong)
- 교정 (矯正, gyojeong)
- 단정 (端正, danjeong)
- 당정 (黨正, dangjeong)
- 동정 (董正, dongjeong)
- 방정 (方正, bangjeong)
- 보정 (補正, bojeong)
- 부정 (不正, bujeong)
- 사정 (査正, sajeong)
- 사정 (邪正, sajeong)
- 삼정 (芟正, samjeong)
- 서정 (緖正, seojeong)
- 수정 (修正, sujeong)
- 숙정 (肅正, sukjeong)
- 시정 (是正, sijeong)
- 엄정 (嚴正, eomjeong)
- 염정 (廉正, yeomjeong)
- 오정 (午正, ojeong)
- 이정 (里正, ijeong)
- 이정 (釐正, ijeong)
- 인정 (寅正, injeong)
- 자정 (子正, jajeong)
- 적정 (適正, jeokjeong)
- 정정 (訂正, jeongjeong)
- 진정 (眞正, jinjeong)
- 질정 (質正, jiljeong)
- 칙정 (飭正, chikjeong)
- 하정 (賀正, hajeong)
- 현정 (顯正, hyeonjeong)
- 정반대 (正反對, jeongbandae)
- 정범자 (正犯者, jeongbeomja)
- 정비례 (正比例, jeongbirye)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
Han character
正: Hán Việt readings: chính (
正: Nôm readings: chính[1][2][3][4][6], chánh[1][2][3][4][5], chếnh[3][7][4][5][6], chiếng[1], chênh[3], chỉnh[3], giêtng[3]
- chữ Hán form of chính (“main; major, chief; just, righteous”).
- chữ Hán form of chánh (“chief; head”).
- Nôm form of chếnh.
Compounds
References
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese Han characters
- Cantonese Chinese
- zh:Currency
- zh:Mathematics
- zh:Physics
- zh:Time
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Teochew Chinese
- Chinese surnames
- Chinese cardinal numbers
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Beginning Mandarin
- Elementary Mandarin
- Chinese numeral symbols
- Chinese numerals
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 1 kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しやう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading せい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ただ-しい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ただ-す
- Japanese kanji with kun reading まさ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading まさ-に
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading おお
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading くに
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ま
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まさし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ただし
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese numerals
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 正
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese given names
- Japanese male given names
- Japanese numeral symbols
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom