User:TheSilverWolf98/Germanic Botanical Terms

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Generic Botanical Terms

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Bran

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*grutskô

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  • Proto-West Germanic: [Term?]

[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic: [Term?]

*klaiw-

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German: klīe
        • West Low Saxon:
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: kläj
          • Westphalian: Klee
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberg dialect: Kluiggen
          • Eastphalian: Klee
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch: clië
          • Limburgish:
            Southeast Limburgish: kleë (Veldeke spelling), Klee (German spelling), Klee̩ (Rheinische Dokumenta spelling)
          • Dutch: klij
          • West Flemish: kleie
    • Old High German: klī(w)a

Herb

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*krūdą

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Hay

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*hawją

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Flower

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*blōmô

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Tree

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*bagmaz

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*trewą

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Plant

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*urtiz

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*wrōts

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*wurt-

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Root

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*wrōts

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Chaff

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*kafą

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Bush, Shrub

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*buskaz

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *busk
    • Old English: *busc
    • Old Frisian: bosk
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Busk
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: busk
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: buskr
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Danish:

*haistraz

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  • Proto-West-Germanic: *haistr
    • Old Saxon: *hēstar
      • Middle Low German: heister
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberg dialect: Haister
    • Frankish: *haistr
    • → Old French: hestre
    • Old High German: *heistar

[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon: [Term?]
      • Middle Low German: [Term?]
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian: Hucht
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberger dialect: Hucht
            Wiedenbrücker dialect:
            Gütersloh dialect: Hucht

[Term?]

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[Term?]

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*strūkaz

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[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch: [Term?]
    • Old High German: [Term?]
      • Middle High German: trūsch
        • Central Franconian:

Trees & Shrubs

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Abies: Firs

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Abies alba - Silver Fir - Dannǭ

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*dannǭ

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Possibly related to Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”).

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • North Frisian:
        Sol'ring: Tan
        Fering: dan
        Karrharder: dan
        Nordgoesharder: dan
        Halligen: tan
        Öömrang: tan
    • Old Saxon: dennia
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: dân
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Dänne
          • Eastphalian:
            Elbe Eastphalian: Danne
        • East Low Saxon:
  • Frankish:
    • Old Dutch: [Term?]
    • Old High German: [Term?]
      • Middle High German: tan
        • German: Tanne
        • Central Franconian:
        • Rhine Franconian: Dann
          • Lorraine Franconian: Dànne
          • Pfälzisch: Dann
          • Hessian: Dann
        • Alemannic:
          • Alsatian:
            Strasbourg Dialect: Dann, Dannebaum
          • Swabian:
            • Hauefels: Tann ("fir")
            • Milenge: Dan
          • Highest Alemannic:
            • Western Waliser:
        • Bavarian: Tanna (“fir”)
          • Cimbrian: tånn (“fir”)
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: tònne

*þinuraz

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Only found in Norse, meaning obscure.

Acer: Maples & Sycamores

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Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus; Acer platanoides; Acer campestre)

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[Term?]

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A strange, predominantly Low Countries compound of "ash" and "thorn". This is rather bizarre, considering maples are not particularly similar to ash trees, nor do they have thorns. I suspect the "door(n)" segment of these words is actually just a corrupted form of the Proto-Germanic "*-draz" tree suffix, making the original form of this word something like "*askadraz". No idea why this neologism was created, as Dutch still preserves a native term for maple descending from *mapulaz.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Central Franconian:
          Prüm-Kopp: āstər
          Eup: āəsdǭərə

*mapulaz

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Curiously similar to Gaulish *abolos (“maple”) and Lepontic opolos (“maple”), as well as the various Latin descendants that derive from them, such as Emilian opi (“maple”), Piedmontese òbi (“maple”), French obier (“maple”), French érable (“maple”), Italian loppio (“maple”), and Venetian òpio (“maple”). See the entries in lower down for a form that is even more similar to opolos, and also to *apalaz. There are also entries in in the elm section of this page that may potentially match up. It is unclear if this and related terms are loans from Gaulish, loans into Gaulish, or just several corrupted but ultimately unrelated forms.

*masuraz

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Related to words for measles, spots, blemishes, and lumps. This connection was likely made because of the appearance of maple burrs when cut.

[Term?]

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See comments under *mapulaz.

Acer pseudoplatanus - Sycamore Maple - Ahur-

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*ahur-

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Possibly cognate to Latin acer, Proto-Slavic *avorъ and Ancient Greek ἄκαστος (ákastos). Likely not Indo-European in any case. Only survives in the Saxon languages, German languages and in Danish, which may in fact be a Saxon loan anyway.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *ahurn
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: óóker (Probably a Latin loan?)
          • Eastphalian:
            Elbe Eastphalian: Öhre, Ehre, Ern, Aern
        • East Low Saxon:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German: ahorn
      • Middle High German: ahorn
        • Central Franconian:
          Wittg-Erndtebr: ǫrn
          Altk-NFischb: ǭrə
          Ottw-Tholey: īrə
          Saarbg-Zerf: īrə
          Zell-Merl Raversb: īrə
          Birkf-Idar: ērən
          Koch-Bertrich: īrən
          Trier-Damflos: ē:rə
          Gummb-Schwarzenbergisch: ø̄rən
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Pfälzisch:
            vorn. VPf: ḁ̄hǫʳn
            KU-Dennw/Frohnb: āhōr (f.)
            RO-Nd'mosch: ę̄hǫrn
            KU-Wolfst u. Umgeb. Kaulb KL-U'sulzb PS-Winz: ōʳ u. ōÄ
            Pirmas u. Umgeb.: ōʳχə, ōÄχə
        • German: Ahorn
        • East Central German: Ahorn
        • Bavarian:
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: ohrl
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Danish:

Acer platanoides - Norway Maple - Hluniz

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*hluniz

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Cognate to Proto-Slavic *klenъ and the Baltic forms Lithuanian klẽvas, Samogitian klevs, Latvian kļava, and Latgalian kļovs. Also potentially to Ancient Greek γλῖνος (glînos). Probably the original Germanic term for maple, given its distribution in both West and North Germanic branches. Shame it is not documented in Gothic.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: hlynr
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: [lʏ̞ːn]; [lʏ̝nː]
      • Old Danish:

Aesculus: Horse Chestnuts

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Alnus: Alders

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Alder (Alnus alnobetula; Alnus glutinosa; Alnus incana)

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*alizō

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *aliʀu
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: eller
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberger dialect: Ellern
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Erle
        • Alemannic:
          • Highest Alemannic:
            • Bernese Upland:
              Kandersteg: Erlä
            • Western Waliser:
        • Bavarian:
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: eirl
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: ǫlr
    • Westrobothnian: ǫldr
    • Elfdalian: ålder
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: [ɑ̞̽lː]
  • East Germanic:

Borrowed as Spanish aliso, probably from Vandalic.

*aliziją

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Collective form of the above.

  • Proto-Norse:

[Term?] (Alnus alnobetula only)

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Obscure. Seems to be restricted to the Western Alps. Perhaps a loanword, not sure from where.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Alemannic:
          • Highest Alemannic:

Amelanchier: Shadbushes

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Betula: Birches

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Betula nana - Dwarf Birch - Hrīsą

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*hrapô

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Only present in Norse branch of Germanic. Related to *hrappijaną (“to grasp, grab, scratch”). The formation is of a deverbal form - ie. "one who scratches". This is an apt name for a small, twiggy shrub. Likely not the original Proto-Germanic form, but a Norse innovation.

*hrīsą

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More likely to be the original Proto-Germanic term for the dwarf birch.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hrīs
    • Old English: hrīs
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: hrīs
      • Middle High German: [Term?]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: hrís
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Danish:
    • Westrobothnian: rís
    • Elfdalian: tjärrais

Betula pendula/pubescens - Birch - Berkō

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*berkō

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *berku
    • Old English: beorc
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: bârk
            Tweants: barke
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Barke
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberger Mundart: Birken
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Beerken
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Birke
        • Alemannic:
          • Swabian:
            • Hauefels: Biek
            • Milenge: Biek
          • Highest Alemannic:
            • Western Waliser:
        • Central Franconian: Birk
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Lorraine Franconian: Bìrke
        • East Central German:
          Erzgebirgisch: Birk
        • Bavarian:
          • Tirol: Pirch
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: pirche
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: bjǫrk
    • Westrobothnian: bjerk
    • Elfdalian: byörk
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: [bɔʁt̠ʲɕ]; [bɑ̞̽ʁk]

*birkiją

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Collective form of the above.

*birkijō

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Another collective form.

Buxus: Boxes

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Box (Buxus sempervirens)

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*buhsuz

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A Latin borrowing.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: box
      • Middle English:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Buchs
        • Alemannic:
          • Highest Alemannic:
            • Western Waliser:

Carpinus: Hornbeams

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Carpinus betulus - Common Hornbeam

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[Term?]

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Compound literally meaning "hedge-beech". It is unlikely there was a Proto-Germanic simplex for this tree. Shows many similarities with West Germanic words for "hawthorn" and the Norse words for "bird cherry".

[Term?]

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Literally means "white-beech".

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Weißbuche
        • Bavarian:
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: baisspuiche

[Term?]

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Means "stone-beech".

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:

[Term?]

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Means "yoke-beech".

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:

Castanea: Chestnuts

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Castanea

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[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:

Cornus: Dogwoods

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Cornus suecica - Eurasian Dwarf Cornell

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[Term?]

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  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Bohuslän: skrubb-bär

Cornus sanguinea - Common Dogwood

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[Term?]

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[Term?]

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  • Proto-West Germanic:

Cornus mas - Cornell Cherry

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[Term?]

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Obscure and interesting. Perhaps conflated a little with words in *dirn-, but likely of different origin.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German: erlisbaum
        • Alemannic:
          • Swabian: Herlitzenstrauch, Herlsken, Hermschen, Hermkenbaum, Hernsken, Hersken, Hirlizbaum, Hirlizen
          • St Gallen: Erlizbaum
        • East Central German:
          • Saxonian:
            • Leipzig: Hörlitzen, Horlicken, Horlitzen, Horlsken
          • Thuringian: Erlitze, Herlitze, Hörlitze, Hürrlitzgenbaum
        • Bavarian: Horlzkebaum, Heerlitzn

[Term?]

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No Proto-Germanic form, borrowing from the Slavic languages. See Proto-Slavic *dernъ (“cornell”) (Czech dřín). The Proto-Slavic form is a cognate to Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“blackthorn, sloe”) (Modern Irish draighean).

Corylus: Hazels

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Hazel (Corylus avellana)

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*haslaz

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From Proto-Indo-European *kóslos, cognate with Irish coll, Welsh cyll, Lithuanian kasulas (“spear”), and Latin corylus.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hasl
    • Old English: hæsl
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German: hâsel
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: hasal
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Hasel
        • Central Franconian:
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Pfälzisch: Hassel
        • Alemannic:
          • Highest Alemannic:
            • Western Waliser:
              • South Waliser:
                Gressoney: haslò
        • Bavarian:
          • Tirol: Håsl
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: hosl
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: hasl
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish: hasl
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: [hɑ̞̽ːsle̞]
      • Old Danish:

*hasliją

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Collective form of the above.

*lak-

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Obscure, only appears in Swedish dialects. It is also a term used for alders and birches. According to SAOB, it is related to lakan.

  • Proto-Norse:

Crataegus: Hawthorns

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Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna; Crataegus laevigata)

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*haguþurnuz

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
    • Frankish:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:

[Term?]

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Euonymus: Spindles

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Fagus: Beeches

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Fagus sylvatica - Common Beech - Bōkō

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*bōkō

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Cognate with Latin fāgus; Proto-Hellenic *pʰāgós; and potentially Proto-Balto-Slavic *bāˀźas (“elder”). The Italic word was borrowed into Celtic (Irish feá), and the Germanic one was borrowed into Slavic (Polish buk).

  • Proto-West-Germanic: *bōku
    • Old English: bōc
    • Old Frisian: bōk
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: bâuk
            Schleswigsch: Book
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Bööke
            East Westphalian:
            Balver Mundart: Beake
            Ravensberger Mundart: Boöken
            South Westphalian:
            Lüdenscheider Mundart: Baucke
          • Eastphalian:
          • Elbe Eastphalian: Bäuke; Beuke; Boike; Beike (north-east); Baike (north-east)
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Altmarkish: Buik (north-west); Booke (south-east); Böök (east north-west)
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: buohha
      • Middle High German: buoche
        • German: Buche
        • Alemannic: Buech
          • Alsatian:
            Strasbourg Dialect: Bůch
          • Swabian:
            • Hauefels: Buech
          • Highest Alemannic:
            • Western Waliser:
        • Central Franconian:
          Luxembourgish: Bich
          Ripuarian: Booch, Bööch
          Moselle Franconian: Booch (Northern), Buch (Southern), Biech (Southern)
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Lorraine Franconian: Buche
        • East Central German: Buche
        • Bavarian:
          • Tirol: Puach, Puêch
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: puiche
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: bók
    • Old East Norse: *bōk
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: [bøːɡ]; [bœːɡ]
    • Elfdalian: buok

*bōkiją

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A typical North Germanic collective form.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: bœki
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian:
          South-East Scanian: bögje [bøːd̠ʲʑə]
          North-West Scanian: böge [bøːɡe̞]
      • Old Danish:

Ficus: Figs

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Fig (Ficus sp.)

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[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Alemannic:
          • Swabian:
            • Hauefels: Feig

Frangula: Alder Buckthorns

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Frangula alnus - Alder Buckthorn

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[Term?]

[edit]

Possibly related to the words for "alder".

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • East Low Saxon:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:

[Term?]

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Compound literally meaning "foul-tree", probably because of the smell of the berries when crushed.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *fūlbaum
    • Old English: fūlbēam
    • Old Frisian:
      • Saterland Frisian: Fuulbäie
    • Old Saxon:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Only found in the Norse branch of Germanic.

Fraxinus: Ashes

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Ash (Fraxinus excelsior)

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*askaz

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Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *ṓˀsenas (Russian ясень (jasenʹ), Polish jesion); Proto-Celtic *osnos (Welsh onn, Irish fuinseann (with unetymological f-)); and Latin ornus.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *ask
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: esk
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
          • Limburgish: esj
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Esche
        • Alemannic:
          • Alsatian:
            Strasbourg Dialect: Èsch
          • Highest Alemannic:
            • Western Waliser:
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Lorraine Franconian: Ìsche
        • Bavarian:
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: esche
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: askr
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: [ɒ̝̽ːsk]; [ɒ̝̽ːusk]

*askiją

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Collective form of the above.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch: esche (“ash box”)
  • Proto-Norse:

Hedera: Ivies

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Hedera helix/hibernica - Ivy - Ibahs

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*ibahs

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  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: īfiġ
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian:
      • North Frisian:
        Sol'ring: Eefoi
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German: iwlōf
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: īlōf
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Äiloof
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German: ebihouwi
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Efeu
        • Central Franconian:
          • Luxembourgish: Eefeu
          • Ripuarian: Effche
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Lorraine Franconian: Äwich, Éwait
        • Alemannic: Abheu
          • Swabian:
            • Zollernalbchrais: Eaphae
        • Bavarian:
          • South Tirol: Eapam
          • South Bavarian:
            • Cimbrian: éapóom

Hippophae: Sea-Buckthorn

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Ilex: Hollies

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Holly (Ilex aquifolium)

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*hul-

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  • *hulbaz
  • *hulinaz
  • *hulisaz
    • Proto-West Germanic:
      • Old Saxon:
        • Middle Low German:
          • East Low Saxon:
      • Frankish:
        • Old Dutch:
      • Old High German:
        • Middle High German:
  • *hulis(j)ǭ

[Term?]

[edit]

Juglans: Walnuts

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Juniperus: Junipers

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Juniper (Juniperus communis)

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*ainjaz

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Potentially a borrowing from Latin, after what I suspect was the original (see words in *wVk-), was re-assigned to specifically wickerwork, such as baskets and furniture, as opposed to the tree said wickerwork came from. Both words survive in the North Germanic branches, but *ainjaz is absent in West Germanic, while *wVk- is present. Gothic is silent on the subject.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: einir
    • Old Central Norse:
      • Ångermanland: jen
      • Västerbotten: jen
      • Medelpad: jen
      • Jämtland: ajn
      • Elfdalian: ien, iene
    • Old East Norse: *æiniʀ
      • Old Swedish: ēne, ēner
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: åjne ([ɑ̞̽i̯ne̞] ~ [ɑ̞̽jne̞] ~ [ɔi̯ne̞]); ene ([eːne̞])
      • Old Danish:
    • Old Gutnish:
      • Gutnish: ain

*wVkVldraz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
    • Old Frisian:
      • North Frisian: wichel (Karrharder, Oomrang, Nordgoesharder); wiichel (Wiedingharder)
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            • Westmunsterlandic: Waakel, Wääkel
            • Ravensburger Mundart: Kwakel - initial k- possibly resulting from contamination with a term for rowan.
          • Eastphalian:
        • East Low Saxon:
    • Old High German: wechalter, wechal, wehhal
      • Middle High German: wecholter
        • German: Wacholder, Wickel
        • Central Franconian:
          • Luxembourgish: Wakelter
          • Moselle Franconian: Weckelder (Britter), Wakeltisch (Eifel), Wakelter (Eifel)
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Pfalzisch: Wacholler, Wackolder, Wäckolder, Wäckelder
        • Alemannic:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]

Literally means "crane-wood", an innovated term I have only been able to locate in the descendants of Old High German. Why cranes were associated with juniper is not quite clear. Something I must research further.

Larix: Larches

[edit]

Larch (Larix decidua)

[edit]

Not a native term - ultimately a borrowing from Gaulish via Latin and Ancient Greek.

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • East Low Saxon:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Alemannic:
          • Highest Alemannic:
            • Western Waliser:
        • Bavarian:
          • Cimbrian: lèrch
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: lèrche

Malus: Apples

[edit]

Apple (Malus domestica)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Apfel
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Hessian:
          Frankfurt: Abbel
        • Central Franconian: Appel
        • East Central German:
          Upper Saxon: Appel
        • Alemannic:
          • Swabian: Ebfl
            • Hauefels: Ebfl
          • Lower Alemannic:
          • Highest Alemannic:

Morus: Mulberries

[edit]

Morus

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:

Myrica: Myrtles

[edit]

Myrica gale - Myrtle - Gagulaz/Pursaz

[edit]

*gagulaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic: *gagul
    • Old English: gagel
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:

*pursaz

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

Ostrya: Hop-Hornbeams

[edit]

Ostrya carpinifolia - European Hop-Hornbeam

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Bavarian:
          • Tirol: Stoanpuach, Stoanpuêch

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:

Picea: Spruces

[edit]

Picea abies - European Spruce - Fiuhtijǭ

[edit]

*fiuhtijǭ‎

[edit]

Cognate with Proto-Celtic *ɸuxtākā (Middle Irish ochtach (“pine”)); and Proto-Balto-Slavic *puśis (Lithuanian pušìs (“pine”)). Likely the original Germanic term for spruce.

*sparrô

[edit]

Only has this meaning in the Low Countries - probably an extension from an original meaning of "pole". It is unlikely this definition can be traced back to Proto-Germanic.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Frankish:

*granō

[edit]

From PIE *gʰreH-, a root originally referring to bristles, and used to form terms for beards, branches, and awns. Probably a metaphorical extension due to the appearance of conifer needles. Not found in any branch other than Norse, so probably a North Germanic innovation (and idiom).

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • North Frisian: gran (Karrharder, Sol'ring) (probably borrowed from Norse); groan (Wiedingharder) (probably borrowed from Norse)
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: Greinenholt (probably a Norse borrowing)
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
          • Dutch: green (Ell, Peij, Tungelroy, As); greentje (Altweert; Altweerterheide; Boeket-Heisterstraat; Eind; Hushoven; Keent, Limburg (NL); Laar, Limburg (NL); Leuken; Nederweert; Ospel; Weert, Limburg (NL)) (probably all Norse borrowings)
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Livonian German: Gränbaum (probably a Norse borrowing)
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: grǫn
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: gran (pine)
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: [ɡʁɑ̞̽ːn]; [ɡʁɒ̝̽ːn]
      • Old Danish:
    • Elfdalian: grån

*graniją

[edit]

Collective form of the above.

  • Proto-Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Alemannic:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Saterland Frisian: Kjuusdanne
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            • East Frisian Low Saxon: krüüsdân (probably from Frisian substrate)
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:

Pinus: Pines

[edit]

Pinus cembra - Stone Pine

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Obscure. Restricted to the Alps.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Alemannic: Arbe
          • Highest Alemannic:
            • Bernese Upland:
              • Kandersteg: Arvä, Arbä
            • Eastern Waliser:
              • Lax: Arvu
            • Western Waliser:
              • South Waliser:
                Gressoney: oarbò
                Issime: oarbu
                Rimella: ààrba
                Gurin: Aarvu f.
          • Unsorted Highest Alemannic:
            • Jou: Arba
            • Urscheletall: Oorfä f.

Pinus mugo - Swiss Mountain Pine

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Bavarian:
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: zètte

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:

Pinus sylvestris - Scots Pine - Furhō

[edit]

*þalnō

[edit]

According to Málið.is, related to Latin tollēre, from PIE *telh₂-.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon: Dale
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: þǫll
    • Old East Norse: *þall
      • Old Swedish:
    • Westrobothnian: tall, túll
    • Elfdalian: toll

*þalniją

[edit]

Collective form of the above.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse:

*kiznaz

[edit]

Possibly related to Scottish Gaelic giuthas, Manx juys, and Irish giúis, all originally meaning a resinous sort of wood, though the Scots Gaelic word has come to be applied to the Scots pine generally. As no other IE cognates have been found thus far, it may be that the parents word is from a substrate. In Old English, the meaning is "torch" - so potentially the original meaning of *kiznaz was also "resinous wood" as opposed to the tree that said wood is from.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kiʀn
    • Old English: ċēn
    • Old Frisian:
      • Western Frisian:
        • West Frisian: kyn
      • Eastern Frisian:
    • Old Saxon: *kin, *kēn
      • Middle Low German: kên
        • West Low Saxon: Keen
          • Eastphalian:
            Elbe Eastphalian: Keene
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: kien, kēn
      • Middle High German: kien
        • German: Kien
        • Alemannic:
          • Swabian:
            • Hauefels: Khèèa ("pine")

Borrowed as Lithuanian kėnis.

*terwō

[edit]

Another form meaning "resinous wood" - this is cognate to some of the oldest words for "tree" in the other Indo-European languages, such as Welsh derw and Lithuanian dervà.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: tierwe
      • Middle English:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
  • Proto-Norse:

*terwiją

[edit]

Collective form of the above.

  • Proto-Norse:

*terwjô

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:

*furhiją

[edit]

Collective of *furhō.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: fýri
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:

*furhō

[edit]

Probably the original term for pine.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *furhu
    • Old English: furh
    • Old Frisian:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: forha
      • Middle High German: vorhe
        • German: Föhre
        • Alemannic: Fööre (“pine”), Forche
          • Swabian:
            • Hauefels: Fòer ("pine")
            • Milenge: Fooer ("pine")
        • Bavarian: Farch (“pine”)
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: vorche
  • Proto-Norse:

Populus: Poplars & Aspens

[edit]

Populus tremula - Aspen - Aspō

[edit]

*aspō

[edit]

Related to Proto-Balto-Slavic *apse; and possibly as well as the following Brythonic words: Welsh aethnen, Middle Breton eulen, and Old Cornish aidlen (modern Cornish: edhlen). Likely the original Germanic term for both poplars and aspens.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *aspu
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Espe
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Espe
        • Alemannic:
          • Highest Alemannic:
            • Western Waliser:
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Lorraine Franconian: Àschpe
  • Proto Norse:

*aspiją

[edit]

Collective form of the above.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: espi
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish: æspe (attested in toponyms)

Poplar

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

No Proto-Germanic term, borrowed from Vulgar Latin.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *papulā
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Eastphalian:
            Elbe Eastphalian: Pöppel
        • East Low Saxon:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Pappel
        • Alemannic:
          • Swabian:
            • Hauefels: Babbl

Prunus: Cherries & Plums

[edit]

Prunus cerasus - Sour Cherry

[edit]

*wīhsilō

[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *weyḱs- (“mistletoe”). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *weiśinjāˀ (“sour cherry”), Ancient Greek ἰξός (ixós, “mistletoe; birdlime”), Latin viscum (“birdlime”).

[Term?]

[edit]

No PGem form, borrowed from Latin.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kirsijā
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • East Low Saxon:
          Low Prussian:
          Plautdietsch: Kjoasch
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Kirsche
        • Bavarian:
          • Tirol: Kerschtn
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: kirsch

*krVk-

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
  • Old Norse (borrowed from Saxon): [Term?]

Prunus domestica - Common Plum

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Pflaume
        • Alemannic:
          • Swabian:
            • Hauefels: Bflumm
            • Milenge: Bflume
            • Zollernalbchrais: Pflõme

Prunus padus - Bird Cherry

[edit]

*hagjaz

[edit]

Closely related for the word for "hedge". Presumably because Prunus padus often grew in hedgerows?

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: heggr
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Danish:

[Term?]

[edit]

Obscure. Restricted to the Alps.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Bavarian: Ölexen, Elexsen, Ölasn, Öxn, Ösn

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Zipser German: Tschidrempn, Tschudrenkn

Prunus spinosa - Blackthorn - Slaihǭ

[edit]

*slaihǭ

[edit]

Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *sliˀwā́ˀ (“plum”).

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
    • Old High German:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse: *slá-
      • Old Swedish: slān
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: [slɔnː]; [slɔːn]; [släu̯nː]; [slɒ̝̽u̯nː]

Pyrus: Pears

[edit]

Pyrus communis - Common Pear

[edit]

Pyrus cordata - Plymouth Pear

[edit]

Pyrus pyraster - Wild Pear

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • East Low Saxon:

Pear (Pyrus sp.)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Birne
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Hessian:
          Frankfurt: Bier
        • Alemannic:
          • Swabian:
            • Hauefels: Bier
            • Milenge: Bìreboom
            • Ulm: Biirabaum
            • Zollernalbchrais: Biiera

Rhamnus: Buckthorns

[edit]

Rhamnus Cathartica

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: vägtorn (borrowing from Saxon?)

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Central Franconian:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Zipser German: Moognholts

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Zipser German: Hundsbëum

Quercus: Oaks

[edit]

Quercus petraea/pubescens/robur - Oak - Aiks

[edit]

*aiks

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: āc
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian: ēk
      • West Frisian: iik
      • North Frisian:
        Sol'ring: Iik
        Fering: iik
        Karrharder: iik
        Nordgoesharder: iik
        Wiedingharder: iik
        Halligen: iak
        Öömrang: iak
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: äiek
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Eeke
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberger Mundart: Oek
            South Westphalian:
            Lüdenscheider Mundart: Eicke
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Central Franconian:
          Ripuarian: Eech
          Moselle Franconian: Ääch (Western), Eech (Eastern), Eich (Westerwald)
          Kölsch: Eich
          Luxembourgish: Eich
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Lorraine Franconian: Eiche
        • East Central German:
          Erzgebirgisch: Aach
        • German: Eiche
        • Alemannic:
          • Swabian:
            • Hauefels: Òòech
            • Milenge: Ooech
            • Ulm: Ôich
        • Bavarian: Oach
          • Tirol: Oachn
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: aiche
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Elfdalian: iek
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: ek

*ferhuz

[edit]

Likely the original Indo-European word for "oak", we only see the slightest hint of this meaning in the Germanic material in derived words.

*ald-

[edit]

Originally coming from a root meaning "old" and "tall", this was later applied to oak trees.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish: alda (“oak tree bearing acorns”)

*aldiją

[edit]

Collective form of the above.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: eldi

Salix: Willows & Osiers

[edit]

Salix alba - White Willow

[edit]

Salix caprea - Great Sallow - Salhô

[edit]

Cognate to Proto-Celtic *salixs (Welsh helyg, Irish saileach), and Latin salix - the Germanic term was borrowed as Proto-Finnic *salaga. Likely from a substrate, given it is a term limited to Germanic and Celtic (the Latin word is potentially a Gaulish loan).

*salhaz

[edit]

*salhô

[edit]

*salhijǭ

[edit]

A secondary feminine formation of the primary *salhô or *salhaz.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: selja
    • Westrobothnian: selj
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Danish:

Salix cinerea - Grey Sallow

[edit]

Salix x fragilis - Crack Willow

[edit]

Salix herbacea - Dwarf Willow

[edit]

Salix pentandra - Bay Willow - Elustrō

[edit]

*elustrō

[edit]

According to Málið.is, related to Slavic *elьxa (“alder”) from PIE *h₂élis-. According to SAOB.se, related to elo (“yellow”).

*il(u)striją

[edit]

Collective form of the above.

  • Proto-Norse:

Salix purpurea - Purple Osier

[edit]

Salix triandra - Almond-Leaved Willow

[edit]

Salix viminalis - Common Osier

[edit]

Willow

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Not a Germanic term - from Latin pilum (“javelin”).

*felwō-

[edit]

*wiligaz

[edit]

*wiligjǭ

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Wilge
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:

*wīþijō

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Wäide
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German: wīda
      • Middle High German: wīde
        • German: Weide
        • Central Franconian:
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Pfälzisch:
            HB-Böckw IB-Seelb: Wäid (węid)
            KB-Gauh Orb: Waad (wād)
            Pf außer lothr. SWPf und mittl. Südpfalz: Weid (waid)
            VPf: Wääd (wę̄d)
            mancherorts lothr. SWPf, GH-Kand (um 1930 von älteren Leuten) Neubg: Widd (wid)
            PS-Schweix: Wied (wīd)
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
    • Elfdalian: waiða

*wīþijaz

[edit]

From PIE *weyt-.

*wiþjǭ

[edit]

From PIE *weyt-.

  • Proto-West-Germanic:
    • Old English: wiþþe
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German: wedde
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Wedde
  • Proto-Norse:

Sambucus: Elders

[edit]

Dwarf Elder (Sambucus ebulus)

[edit]

*aduk-

[edit]

Cognate with Proto-Celtic *odok-, and possibly Latin actē.

Elder (Sambucus nigra; Sambucus racemosa)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

No Proto-Germanic or West Germanic form, a borrowing from Proto-Slavic *kalina (“snowball tree”).

[Term?]

[edit]

No Proto-Germanic or West Germanic form, a borrowing from Proto-Slavic *bъzgъ (“elder”). Compare Slovene bəzə̏g.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:

*el(d)ernaz

[edit]

Potentially the same as the words in *hul-, through metathesis.

  • Proto-West-Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • North Frisian:
        Wiedingharder Frisian: älhoorn
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: elhörn
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberger Mundart: Allhairn
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Hoorlorten

*fleuþraz

[edit]

Found only in the Low Countries.

*hulô (gen.sing: *hullaz; dat.sing: *hulini)

[edit]

Sorbus: Rowans & Whitebeams

[edit]

Scandosorbus intermedia - Swedish Whitebeam

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

So named because the wood of this tree was favoured for making cart axels.

Sorbus aria - Whitebeam

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

[edit]

Application of term "axel" from the Swedish Whitebeam to the names of other related trees.

Sorbus aucuparia - Rowan

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Bavarian:
          • South Bavarian:
            • Plodarish: veiglpeirn

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:

Borrowed as Northern Sami skáhpi and Lule Sami skáhpe.

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • East Low Saxon:

[Term?]

[edit]

Despite how oft-repeated the theory is, it is unlikely that this word is related to the Celtic for for yew *eburos, and the Albanian word for yew *eburusa.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German: ?
      • Middle High German: ?

[Term?]

[edit]

Seemingly only present amongst the alpine descendants of Old High German. A compound of a borrowed word with similarities to French corme (“sorb, service tree”), and Germanic *askaz (“ash”).

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

[edit]

Obscure.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Alemannic:
          • Highest Alemannic:

[Term?]

[edit]

Seemingly only present amongst the alpine descendants of Old High German. Probably substrate or a borrowing. Similarities with Italian gorgheggio, and also with French corme, and native German Quitsche.

(Sorbus) Cormus domestica - Service Tree

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Sperbe
        • Central Franconian:
          • Lorraine Franconian: Sperwel
        • Rhine Franconian: Sperb
          • Pfälzisch: Sperb, Sparwel, Sparb, Schbärwel, Sperwer, Sperber, Sparwe, Sparbe, Sperwe, Sparwle, Sparble, Sperwle

(Sorbus) Torminalis glaberrima - Wild Service Tree

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Central Franconinan:

Taxus: Yews

[edit]

Taxus baccata - European Yew - Īhwaz

[edit]

*īhwaz

[edit]

Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *éiˀwāˀ (“bird cherry”), Proto-Celtic *iwos (“yew”), and Proto-Hellenic *oiwa (“service tree”).

  • Proto-West Germanic: *īhu
    • Old English
      • Middle English:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: îv
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Iewe
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: ýr

*īwiþiją

[edit]

Collective form.

*īwiją

[edit]

Another collective form.

  • Proto-Norse:

Tilia: Lindens

[edit]

Linden (Tilia cordata; Tilia platyphyllos)

[edit]

*lindō

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: lind
      • Middle English: ?
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Linde
    • Old High German: linta
      • Middle High German: linde
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
        • German: Linde
        • Alemannic:
          • Swabian:
            • Milenge: Lìnde
        • Central Franconian:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: lind

*lindiją

[edit]

Collective form of the above.

  • Proto-Norse:

Ulmus: Elms

[edit]

Ulmus minor - Field Elm

[edit]

*rVstra-

[edit]

Includes the botanical suffix *-draz. Probably ultimately from a root meaning "red".

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
    • Old High German: ruost
      • Middle High German:

*īp-

[edit]

Restricted to the Rhine region up to the North Sea Coast. Probably a substrate word. May be related to the words for "maple" in *Vp-, and also perhaps to the name for "yew".

  • Proto-West Germanic: *īp-
    • Old Frisian: [Term?]
      • West Frisian: yp
      • North Frisian: iiper (Oomrang, Fering, Nordgoesharder, Wiedingharder)
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: īper
            Gronings: ieper
            Drèents: iep
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch: [Term?]
        • Middle Dutch: [Term?]
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:

Elm (Ulmus laevis; Ulmus glabra; Ulmus minor)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

*elmaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic: *elm
    • Old English: elm
      • Middle English: elm
    • Old Saxon: elm
      • Middle Low German: elme
        • West Low Saxon: Elm
    • Old High German: elm
      • Middle High German: ëlm

*ulmaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: *ulm
      • Middle English: ulme
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: ulm

*almaz

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: almr
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
  • East Germanic:
    • Vandalic: *alms (borrowed as Spanish álamo (“poplar”)).

*almiją

[edit]

Collective form of the above.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: elmi
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:

Viburnum: Guelder Rose

[edit]

Viscum: Mistletoes

[edit]

Mistletoe (Viscum album)

[edit]

*mistilaz

[edit]

Unsorted Trees

[edit]

Pine, Fir, Spruce

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Poales: Grass & Allies

[edit]

Bromus: Bromes

[edit]

Bromus tectorum - Cheat Grass

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Connected to the word for "dregs" *drabaz.

  • Proto-Germanic:
    • Old English: *drafoc
    • Old Saxon:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German: trefse
        • German: Trespe (sp cluster borrowed from Saxon).

Lolium: Darnels

[edit]

Lolium perenne - English Darnel

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:

Lolium temulentum - Poison Darnel

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:

Unsorted Grasses

[edit]

Hordeum vulgare - Barley

[edit]

*baraz

[edit]

*barizaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

*bewwą

[edit]

*gerstō

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian: *jerste
      • Saterland Frisian: Jäärste
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Gaste
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberger Mundart: Gasten
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Gheersten
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Gerste
        • Alemannic: Gärste
          • Highest Alemannic:
            • Western Waliser:
        • Bavarian: Geaschtn
        • Central Franconian:
          Ripuarian: Jääsch, Jersch
          Moselle Franconian: Gääscht
          Luxembourgish: Geescht
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Lorraine Franconian: Gèèrscht, Gerscht

Agrostis: Bent Grass

[edit]

*binutaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West-Germanic: *binut
    • Old English: beonet
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian: Biunten
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberger Mundart: Bient
          • North Low Saxon:
            Oldenburgisch: Behnd (Bremen), Bänt (Oldenburg), Bihunt (Osnabrük)
            Nordhannoversch: Bäent
            Dithmarschen: Bähnk, Bönk (Northern)
            Holsteinisch: Bähnt
            Schleswigsch: Bent
            East Frisian Low Saxon: bjünt (Standard), bent (Northern)
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: binuz
      • Middle High German: [Term?]
        • German: Binse
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Lorraine Franconian: Bénse

*beusō

[edit]

*hwainō

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:

Dactylis

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Småland: exing

Elymus repens - Couch Grass

[edit]

*kwik-

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: cwice
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch: [Term?]
        • Middle Dutch: [Term?]
    • Old High German: [Term?]
      • Middle High German: [Term?]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Halland: kveg
      • Old Danish:

Grass

[edit]

*grasą

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: græs
      • Middle English:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: gres
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Gräss; Gröss
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Lorraine Franconian: Gràs
        • Zipser German: Groos

Panicum miliaceum - Common Millet - Hirsijô

[edit]

*hirsijô

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon: hirsi
      • Middle Low German:
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:

Avena sativa - Oats - Habrô

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: āte
      • Middle English: ote
    • Old Frisian:

*habrô

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Alemannic: Haaber
        • German: Hafer
        • Bavarian: Howan, Hoban
        • Central Franconian:
          • Transylvanian Saxon: Huever
        • Rhine Franconian:
  • Proto-Norse:

Phragmites australia - Common Reed

[edit]

*hreudą

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: hrēod
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian:
      • West Frisian: reid
      • Saterland Frisian: Rait
      • North Frisian:
        Öömrang: Raid
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Ried
        • Central Franconian:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Central Franconian:

[Term?]

[edit]

No Proto-Germanic form, borrowed from Latin scirpus.

*rauzą

[edit]

*rauzaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German: rōr
      • Middle High German:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: reyrr
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Danish:

*wassaz

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse: *wass
      • Old Swedish:

Rush

[edit]

*ruskijō

[edit]

*safją

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: sef
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Danish:

Secale cereale - Rye - Rugiz

[edit]

*rugiz

[edit]

*ruggô

[edit]

Sedge

[edit]

*sagjaz

[edit]

*saharaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West-Germanic:
    • Old High German: sahar
      • Middle High German:

*steruz

[edit]

Spelt

[edit]

*spiltaz

[edit]

*spiltō

[edit]

Wheat

[edit]

*hwaitijaz

[edit]

Derived from the term *hwītaz (“white”).

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: hwǣte
      • Middle English:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: wâjt
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:

Other Plants

[edit]

Adenostyles alliariae

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Zipser German: Alpndriizngreschl

Angelica (Angelica sp.)

[edit]

*hwannō

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]

Obscure.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: [Term?]
    • Old East Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]

Obscure.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:

Bean

[edit]

*baunō

[edit]

Rhinanthus minor - Yellow Rattle

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            West Veluws horde

[Term?]

[edit]

Bobonica

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

Briar

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse:

Broom (Cytisus scoparius), (Genista sp.)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

No Proto-Norse form, borrowed from Middle Saxon.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Danish:
        • Danish: gyvel
        • Jutlandic: gejl

*kagô

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Derived from *hrīsą (“twig, brushwood, dwarf birch”).

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Scanian: hara-ris

Bugloss (Anchusa sp.)

[edit]

[Term?] (Anchusa officinalis)

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Scanian:
        • Blekinge: rast

Possibly borrowed as Finnish rasti.

[Term?] (Anchusa officinalis)

[edit]

Literally means "ox-tongue", a calque of the Greek name βούγλωσσον (boúglōsson).

[Term?] (Anchusa arvensis)

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:

Butcher's Broom

[edit]

*hulisaz

[edit]

Butterbur

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:

Charlock

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Chickweed

[edit]

*arfô

[edit]
  • Proto-West-Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian: Arf (Osnabrük)
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: Arve, Arfe, Arwe

Cinquefoil

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse:

Clover

[edit]

*klaibrijǭ

[edit]

*klaibrǭ

[edit]

*klaiwaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic: *klaiw
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
          • Limburgish: klieë (Veldeke spelling), Klie̩ (Rheinische Dokumenta spelling)
            Eupen dialect: Klië
    • Old High German: chlēo
      • Middle High German: klē
        • German: Klee
        • Central Franconian:

Club Moss

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Old Norse: [Term?]
    • Westrobothnian: gasveittj (goose-wheat?)

Corn

[edit]

*kurną

[edit]

Cress

[edit]

*krasjǭ

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:[Term?]
      • Middle English: [Term?]
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch: [Term?]
    • Old High German: cresso
      • Middle High German: kresse
        • German: Kresse
        • Zipser German: Krësch
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Lorraine Franconian: Krèss

*krēsō

[edit]

Dock

[edit]

*dukkǭ

[edit]

*eulaz

[edit]

According to Málið.is, related to Lithuanian aũlas (“bootleg”) and Ancient Greek αὐλός (aulós, “flute, cowbane, pipe, tube”); all supposedly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewlós, however, the initial vowel of the PIE form and the Germanic form do not match, as PIE *h₂e usually becomes Proto-Germanic *a.

[Term?]

[edit]

According to SAOB.se and Ordnet.dk, from the verb skrappa (“to brag, boast”), apparently because of the crunching sound of leaves? Though I personally can't see why the two words would be connected. Ordbokene.no says the word is from skreppa (“small bag made of reeds”), and I personally think this is far more likely. Málið.is also gives the reed bag definition for skreppa.

Dodder

[edit]

*dudraz

[edit]

*dudrǭ

[edit]

Fern

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

*farnaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic: *farn
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberger Mundart: Feorn
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:

Goosefoot

[edit]

*meldǭ

[edit]

Gorse

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

*gurstaz

[edit]

*hwainō

[edit]

Grape

[edit]

*þrūbô

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic: *þrūbō
    • Old Frisian: thrūve
    • Old Saxon: thrūbo
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: drûv
            Drenthe: droeve
            Gronings: droef
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Druuw
            East Westphalian:
            Ravensberger Mundart: Driuwen
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German: thrūba
      • Middle High German: drûve
        • German: Traube
        • Central Franconian:
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Lorraine Franconian: Triewel

[Term?]

[edit]

No Proto-Germanic, or even Proto-Norse form. Derived from a Danish borrowing of a West-Germanic (likely Saxon) derivative of *þrūbô.

  • Proto-Norse:

Diphasiastrum complanatum - Ground Cedar

[edit]

*ebnô

[edit]

According to Málið.is, this word is derived from *ebnaz (“even”), meaning "the even one".

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: *jafni
    • Westrobothnian: jamn’
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:

Ground Ivy

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Old English: hōfe
    • Middle English:

Hemp

[edit]

*hanapiz

[edit]

Hops

[edit]

*humal-

[edit]
  • *humalaz
  • *humalǭ

Horsetail

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Old Norse: [Term?]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Old Norse: [Term?]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Old Norse:


Ladybells (Adenophora lilifolia)

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Zipser German: Driizngskraaedich

Rosehip

[edit]

*heupǭ

[edit]

Stonecrop

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Thistle

[edit]

*taisilō

[edit]

*þistilaz

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: dissel
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Rhine Franconian:
          Lorraine Franconian: Dìschel

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: stīkel

Unknown

[edit]

*marikô

[edit]

Vine

[edit]

*rebǭ

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic: *rebā
    • Old Saxon: reva
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:

Stratiotes aloides - Water Aloe

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West-Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • North Low Saxon:
            Emsländisch: Aak (Hadeln, Stade)
            Schleswigsch: Egel, Eil (Hütten)
        • East Low Saxon:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West-Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low German:
          • Eastphalian:
            Hannoverian: Aien
          • North Low Saxon:
            Oldenburgisch: Aien (Diepholz)
            Emsländisch: Aaden (Hadeln, Stade)
            Holsteinisch: Aaden (Hamburg)
            Schleswigsch: Eiden

Mercurialis perennis - Mercury

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

Moss

[edit]

*musą

[edit]
  • Proto-West German:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Zipser German: Mëus

Nettle

[edit]

*natilǭ

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: nettel

*natǭ

[edit]

Pea

[edit]

*arwīts

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Central Franconian:
          Kirchröadsj: Eëts
          Moselle Franconian: Erwes, Erres, Äres
          Ripuarian: Erts, Erds, Ääz

Pearlwort

[edit]

*krōkilaz

[edit]

Caryophyllales: Carnation & Allies

[edit]

Agrostemma githago - Corncockle

[edit]

*klin-

[edit]

Seems to be connected with *klintaz (“cliff”).

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German: klinta (borrowed into Danish and Swedish)
  • Proto-Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
          • Limburgish:
            Mofers: krók

Dianthus caryophyllus - Carnation

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
        • East Low Saxon:
    • Old High German:

Spergula arvensis - Corn Spurry

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: te (Blekinge)

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: tryle (Svealand)

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: nägde (Ångermanland)

*skarfaz ~ *skarbaz

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: *skarfr
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: skarv (Småland)

*skurfǭ ~ *skurbǭ

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:

*jar-

[edit]

Seems to be restricted to Anglo-Frisian. Variants ending in -d and -k are likely diminutives.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: jâr, jadde
            Dithmarschen Mundart: Jark

[Term?]

[edit]

Literally means "water-myrtle".

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:

Gentianales: Gentians & Allies

[edit]

Rubia tinctorum - Madder

[edit]

*madarǭ

[edit]

*maiþǭ

[edit]

Ranunculales: Buttercup & Allies

[edit]

Papaver sp. - Poppy

[edit]

*mōhô (gen.sing: *makkaz; dat.sing: *magini)

[edit]

Aconitum sp. - Wolf's Bane, Monkshood

[edit]

*helmaz

[edit]

Literally means "helmet", from the shape of the flowers.

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Westrobothnian Dialect:
          • Nästansjö Dialect: sLAsAn

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Zipser German: Juutsche Haubn

Rosales: Rose & Allies

[edit]

Fragaria vesca - Strawberry

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • North Frisian:
        Central Goesharder Frisian:
        Drelsdorf Frisian: Eerdbäie

Rosa canina - Dog Rose

[edit]

Rubus idaeus - Raspberry

[edit]

*hindibazją

[edit]

Rubus plicatus/ulmifolius - Bramble, Blackberry

[edit]

*brēmaz

[edit]

*brēmijô

[edit]

*brēmilaz

[edit]

*brēmabazją

[edit]

Saxifragales: Gooseberry & Allies

[edit]

Ribes rubrum - Redcurrant

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Swabian: Träuble
        • Bernese: Trübeli
        • Rhine-Hessian: Traube

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Lorraine Franconian: Grüssel (probably borrowed from French)

Ribes uva-crispa - Gooseberry

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Central Franconian:
        • Rhine Franconian:
          • Lorraine Franconian: Grùnschel

Fabales: Bean & Allies

[edit]

Ononis repens - Restharrow

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Ericales: Heather & Allies

[edit]

Calluna vulgaris - Heather

[edit]

*haiþī

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Westphalian:
            East Westphalian:
            Balver Mundart: Haie
            Ravensberger Mundart: Hoee

*lingwą

[edit]

Vaccinium oxycoccos - Cranberry

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
    • Old High German:

Vaccinium uliginosum - Northern Bilberry

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
    • Old High German:
  • Proto-Norse:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:

Vaccinium vitis-idaea - Lingonberry

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English:
    • Old Frisian:

Vaccinium myrtillus - Whortleberry

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • German: Worbel
        • Central Franconian:
          • Kölsch: Worbele

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Saarländisch: Wähle

Brassicales: Mustard & Allies

[edit]

Isatis tinctoria - Woad

[edit]

*waidą

[edit]

Sinapis arvensis - Charlock

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Asparagales: Asparagus & Allies

[edit]

Allium ampeloprasum - Leek

[edit]

*laukaz

[edit]

Cognate with Proto-Slavic *lukъ (“leek”).

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • North Frisian: Look (Sol'ring)
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • West Low Saxon:
          • Northern Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: lōk
          • Westphalian:
            West Munsterlandic: Look
            East Westphalian:
            Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
            Gütersloh: Lauk
        • East Low Saxon:
          • Low Prussian:
    • Old High German

Allium ursinum - Wild Garlic - Hramusô

[edit]

*hramusô

[edit]

Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čermъša, Scottish Gaelic creamh, Ancient Greek κρόμμῠον (krómmuon), Lithuanian kermùšė, and the Iranian source of Proto-Turkic *sarïmsak.

Asterales: Aster & Allies

[edit]

Achillea millefolium - Yarrow

[edit]

*garwō

[edit]

Arctium sp. - Burdock

[edit]

*klīþô (gen.sing: *klittaz; dat.sing: *klidini)

[edit]

Bellis perennis - Daisy

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
    • Old High German:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

[Term?]

[edit]

Calendula sp. - Marigold

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

Taraxacum officinale - Dandelion

[edit]

*fimf-

[edit]

*fimfilaz

*fimfjǭ

  • Proto-Norse:

*fimb-

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:

*fi-

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
      • Old Danish:

Cicerbita alpina - Alpine Sow Thistle

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]

No Proto-Germanic form, a loanword from Saami languages - see Inari Saami jerjâ.

  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Westrobothnian: jerj
          • Nästansjö Dialect: jArja

[Term?]

[edit]

Obscure.

Apiales: Chervil & Allies

[edit]

Aegopodium podagraria - Ground Elder

[edit]

*gVrisk-

[edit]

Related to Lithuanian garšas.

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
      • Saterland Frisian: Gäise
    • Old Saxon: [Term?]
      • Middle Low German: kerse, gerse, jerse
        • West Low Saxon:
          • North Low Saxon:
            East Frisian Low Saxon: hērsk (Standard), gērsk (Southern)
            Gronings: heers
            Holsteinish: Jörs
            Dithmarsch: Heersch
          • Westphalian:
            Achterhooks: geerze
            Westmunsterlandic: Geerse
            South Westphalian:
            Lüdenscheider Mundart: Gäse
        • East Low Saxon:
    • Old High German: gers, gires
      • Middle High German: [Term?]
  • Proto-Norse:

Anthriscus sylvestris - Cow Parsley

[edit]

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: käx
        • Småland Dialect: käxa

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old East Norse:
      • Old Swedish:
        • Dalarna Dialect: rackkummin
        • Halland Dialect: hästkummin
        • Hälsingland Dialect: hundkummin
        • Lappland Dialect: hundkummin
        • Westrobothnian Dialect: hundkummin
          • Nästansjö Dialect: kummingen

Daucus carota - Wild Carrot

[edit]

*murhǭ

[edit]

Cognate with Proto-Slavic *mъrky (“carrot”). Probably the original word for "carrot".

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: mōre
      • Middle English:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
        • East Low Saxon:
    • Frankish:
      • Old Dutch:
        • Middle Dutch:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old Frisian:
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German:
    • Frankish:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:
        • Central Franconian:

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:

[Term?]

[edit]

A compound literally meaning "yellow-root".

[Term?]

[edit]

A compound meaning "yellow-turnip".

[Term?]

[edit]
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German:

Heracleum sphondylium - Common Hogweed

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Einige Plfanzennamen in Zipser Mundart - E. Kövi (accessed through JStor)
  • Málið.is
  • SAOB
  • Den Danske Ordbog
  • Etymologie-Online
  • Pfälzisches Wörterbuch
  • Rheinisches Wörterbuch
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