User:TheSilverWolf98/Germanic Botanical Terms
Generic Botanical Terms
[edit]Bran
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: [Term?]
- Old High German: *grusko
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: [Term?]
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Frankish:
- Old High German: klī(w)a
Herb
[edit]Hay
[edit]Flower
[edit]Tree
[edit]Plant
[edit]Root
[edit]Chaff
[edit]Bush, Shrub
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *busk
- Proto-Norse:
- Proto-West-Germanic: *haistr
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon: [Term?]
- Middle Low German: [Term?]
- West Low Saxon:
- Westphalian: Hucht
- East Westphalian:
- Ravensberger dialect: Hucht
- Wiedenbrücker dialect:
- Gütersloh dialect: Hucht
- East Westphalian:
- Westphalian: Hucht
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German: [Term?]
- Old Saxon: [Term?]
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *strūk
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Trees & Shrubs
[edit]Abies: Firs
[edit]Abies alba - Silver Fir - Dannǭ
[edit]Possibly related to Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”).
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Frisian:
- Old Saxon: dennia
- Frankish:
Only found in Norse, meaning obscure.
Acer: Maples & Sycamores
[edit]Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus; Acer platanoides; Acer campestre)
[edit][Term?]
[edit]A strange, predominantly Low Countries compound of "ash" and "thorn". This is rather bizarre, considering maples are not particularly similar to ash trees, nor do they have thorns. I suspect the "door(n)" segment of these words is actually just a corrupted form of the Proto-Germanic "*-draz" tree suffix, making the original form of this word something like "*askadraz". No idea why this neologism was created, as Dutch still preserves a native term for maple descending from *mapulaz.
- Proto-West Germanic:
Curiously similar to Gaulish *abolos (“maple”) and Lepontic opolos (“maple”), as well as the various Latin descendants that derive from them, such as Emilian opi (“maple”), Piedmontese òbi (“maple”), French obier (“maple”), French érable (“maple”), Italian loppio (“maple”), and Venetian òpio (“maple”). See the entries in lower down for a form that is even more similar to opolos, and also to *apalaz. There are also entries in in the elm section of this page that may potentially match up. It is unclear if this and related terms are loans from Gaulish, loans into Gaulish, or just several corrupted but ultimately unrelated forms.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse: mǫpurr
Related to words for measles, spots, blemishes, and lumps. This connection was likely made because of the appearance of maple burrs when cut.
[Term?]
[edit]See comments under *mapulaz.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- East Low Saxon:
- Brandenburgish: Ääpe, Ääpeldäörn, Ebeldoorn, Äweldoorn
- East Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Transylvanian Saxon: Epeler
- Middle High German:
- Old Saxon:
Acer pseudoplatanus - Sycamore Maple - Ahur-
[edit]Possibly cognate to Latin acer, Proto-Slavic *avorъ and Ancient Greek ἄκαστος (ákastos). Likely not Indo-European in any case. Only survives in the Saxon languages, German languages and in Danish, which may in fact be a Saxon loan anyway.
- Proto-West Germanic: *ahurn
- Old Saxon:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Dutch: aak
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Old High German: ahorn
- Middle High German: ahorn
- Central Franconian:
- Wittg-Erndtebr: ǫrn
- Altk-NFischb: ǭrə
- Ottw-Tholey: īrə
- Saarbg-Zerf: īrə
- Zell-Merl Raversb: īrə
- Birkf-Idar: ērən
- Koch-Bertrich: īrən
- Trier-Damflos: ē:rə
- Gummb-Schwarzenbergisch: ø̄rən
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pfälzisch:
- vorn. VPf: ḁ̄hǫʳn
- KU-Dennw/Frohnb: āhōr (f.)
- RO-Nd'mosch: ę̄hǫrn
- KU-Wolfst u. Umgeb. Kaulb KL-U'sulzb PS-Winz: ōʳ u. ōÄ
- Pirmas u. Umgeb.: ōʳχə, ōÄχə
- Pfälzisch:
- German: Ahorn
- East Central German: Ahorn
- Bavarian:
- South Bavarian:
- Plodarish: ohrl
- South Bavarian:
- Central Franconian:
- Middle High German: ahorn
- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Danish:
- Danish: ær
- Old Danish:
- Old East Norse:
Acer platanoides - Norway Maple - Hluniz
[edit]Cognate to Proto-Slavic *klenъ and the Baltic forms Lithuanian klẽvas, Samogitian klevs, Latvian kļava, and Latgalian kļovs. Also potentially to Ancient Greek γλῖνος (glînos). Probably the original Germanic term for maple, given its distribution in both West and North Germanic branches. Shame it is not documented in Gothic.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
Aesculus: Horse Chestnuts
[edit]Alnus: Alders
[edit]Alder (Alnus alnobetula; Alnus glutinosa; Alnus incana)
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *aliʀu
- Proto-Norse:
- East Germanic:
Borrowed as Spanish aliso, probably from Vandalic.
Collective form of the above.
[Term?] (Alnus alnobetula only)
[edit]Obscure. Seems to be restricted to the Western Alps. Perhaps a loanword, not sure from where.
- Proto-West Germanic:
Amelanchier: Shadbushes
[edit]Betula: Birches
[edit]Betula nana - Dwarf Birch - Hrīsą
[edit]Only present in Norse branch of Germanic. Related to *hrappijaną (“to grasp, grab, scratch”). The formation is of a deverbal form - ie. "one who scratches". This is an apt name for a small, twiggy shrub. Likely not the original Proto-Germanic form, but a Norse innovation.
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse: *hrapi
- Icelandic: fjalldrapi, fjallhrapi
- Norwegian: rabb, rape
- Old East Norse:
- Old West Norse: *hrapi
More likely to be the original Proto-Germanic term for the dwarf birch.
- Proto-West Germanic: *hrīs
- Proto-Norse:
Betula pendula/pubescens - Birch - Berkō
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *berku
- Proto-Norse:
Collective form of the above.
- Proto-Norse:
Another collective form.
Buxus: Boxes
[edit]Box (Buxus sempervirens)
[edit]A Latin borrowing.
- Proto-West Germanic:
Carpinus: Hornbeams
[edit]Carpinus betulus - Common Hornbeam
[edit][Term?]
[edit]Compound literally meaning "hedge-beech". It is unlikely there was a Proto-Germanic simplex for this tree. Shows many similarities with West Germanic words for "hawthorn" and the Norse words for "bird cherry".
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German: hagenboke
- West Low Saxon: Haböök, Haagböök
- Elbe Eastphalian: Haagebööke
- East Low Saxon:
- Brandenburgish: Haagebööke
- West Low Saxon: Haböök, Haagböök
- Middle Low German: hagenboke
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch: haeghbuecke
- Old Dutch:
- Old High German: haganbuohha
- Middle High German: hagenbuoche
- German: Hainbuche, Hagenbuche
- Central Franconian:
- Luxembourgish: Hobich
- Middle High German: hagenbuoche
- Old Saxon:
- Proto-Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]Literally means "white-beech".
- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]Means "stone-beech".
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Dutch: steenbeuk
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Steinbuche
- Middle High German:
- Frankish:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Dutch: wielboom
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Frankish:
[Term?]
[edit]Means "yoke-beech".
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Dutch: jukbeuk
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Jauchbuche
- Middle High German:
- Frankish:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Castanea: Chestnuts
[edit]Castanea
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Limburgish: kestaanjel
- West Flemish: kastaje
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Frankish:
Cornus: Dogwoods
[edit]Cornus suecica - Eurasian Dwarf Cornell
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse:
- Norwegian: skrubbær
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Bohuslän: skrubb-bär
- Old Swedish:
- Old West Norse:
Cornus sanguinea - Common Dogwood
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old English:
- Middle English: wipel-tree
- English: whipple-tree
- Middle English: wipel-tree
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German: wipel-bom
- Frankish:
- Old English:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German: hartregel
- Middle High German:
- German: Hartriegel
- East Central German:
- Thuringian: Hardreder
- Bavarian: Hoatriegl
- Middle High German:
- Old High German: hartregel
Cornus mas - Cornell Cherry
[edit][Term?]
[edit]Obscure and interesting. Perhaps conflated a little with words in *dirn-, but likely of different origin.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German: erlisbaum
- Alemannic:
- Swabian: Herlitzenstrauch, Herlsken, Hermschen, Hermkenbaum, Hernsken, Hersken, Hirlizbaum, Hirlizen
- St Gallen: Erlizbaum
- East Central German:
- Saxonian:
- Leipzig: Hörlitzen, Horlicken, Horlitzen, Horlsken
- Thuringian: Erlitze, Herlitze, Hörlitze, Hürrlitzgenbaum
- Saxonian:
- Bavarian: Horlzkebaum, Heerlitzn
- Alemannic:
- Middle High German: erlisbaum
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]No Proto-Germanic form, borrowing from the Slavic languages. See Proto-Slavic *dernъ (“cornell”) (Czech dřín). The Proto-Slavic form is a cognate to Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“blackthorn, sloe”) (Modern Irish draighean).
- Proto-West Germanic:
Corylus: Hazels
[edit]Hazel (Corylus avellana)
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *kóslos, cognate with Irish coll, Welsh cyll, Lithuanian kasulas (“spear”), and Latin corylus.
- Proto-West Germanic: *hasl
- Proto-Norse:
Collective form of the above.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
Obscure, only appears in Swedish dialects. It is also a term used for alders and birches. According to SAOB, it is related to lakan.
Crataegus: Hawthorns
[edit]Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna; Crataegus laevigata)
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Swedish: hagtorn
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Dutch: meidoornhaag
- Limburgish: meidäöre
- West Flemish: meidôorn
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Frankish:
Euonymus: Spindles
[edit]Fagus: Beeches
[edit]Fagus sylvatica - Common Beech - Bōkō
[edit]Cognate with Latin fāgus; Proto-Hellenic *pʰāgós; and potentially Proto-Balto-Slavic *bāˀźas (“elder”). The Italic word was borrowed into Celtic (Irish feá), and the Germanic one was borrowed into Slavic (Polish buk).
- Proto-West-Germanic: *bōku
- Old English: bōc
- Old Frisian: bōk
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Frankish:
- Old High German: buohha
- Middle High German: buoche
- German: Buche
- Alemannic: Buech
- Central Franconian:
- Luxembourgish: Bich
- Ripuarian: Booch, Bööch
- Moselle Franconian: Booch (Northern), Buch (Southern), Biech (Southern)
- Rhine Franconian:
- Lorraine Franconian: Buche
- East Central German: Buche
- Bavarian:
- Tirol: Puach, Puêch
- South Bavarian:
- Plodarish: puiche
- Middle High German: buoche
- Proto-Norse:
A typical North Germanic collective form.
- Proto-Norse:
Ficus: Figs
[edit]Fig (Ficus sp.)
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Alemannic:
- Swabian:
- Hauefels: Feig
- Swabian:
- Alemannic:
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Frangula: Alder Buckthorns
[edit]Frangula alnus - Alder Buckthorn
[edit][Term?]
[edit]Possibly related to the words for "alder".
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- East Low Saxon:
- Brandenburgish: Ääle
- East Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- East Central German: Ahlkirsche
- Middle High German:
- Old Saxon:
[Term?]
[edit]Compound literally meaning "foul-tree", probably because of the smell of the berries when crushed.
- Proto-West Germanic: *fūlbaum
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Frisian:
- West Frisian: sprakelhout
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon:
- Westphalian:
- Veluws: sprokkelholt, sprökelholt
- Tweants: sprakel
- Achterhoeks: sprakel
- Westphalian:
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Dutch: sporkehout
- West Flemish: spork
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Old Frisian:
[Term?]
[edit]Only found in the Norse branch of Germanic.
- Proto-Norse:
Fraxinus: Ashes
[edit]Ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
[edit]Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *ṓˀsenas (Russian ясень (jasenʹ), Polish jesion); Proto-Celtic *osnos (Welsh onn, Irish fuinseann (with unetymological f-)); and Latin ornus.
- Proto-West Germanic: *ask
- Proto-Norse:
Collective form of the above.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch: esche (“ash box”)
- Old Dutch:
- Frankish:
- Proto-Norse:
Hedera: Ivies
[edit]Hedera helix/hibernica - Ivy - Ibahs
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Hippophae: Sea-Buckthorn
[edit]Ilex: Hollies
[edit]Holly (Ilex aquifolium)
[edit]- *hulbaz
- *hulinaz
- *hulisaz
- *hulis(j)ǭ
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Dutch: stechpalme
- Limburgish: sjtachelder
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Stechpalme
- Middle High German:
- Frankish:
Juglans: Walnuts
[edit]Juniperus: Junipers
[edit]Juniper (Juniperus communis)
[edit]Potentially a borrowing from Latin, after what I suspect was the original (see words in *wVk-), was re-assigned to specifically wickerwork, such as baskets and furniture, as opposed to the tree said wickerwork came from. Both words survive in the North Germanic branches, but *ainjaz is absent in West Germanic, while *wVk- is present. Gothic is silent on the subject.
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse: einir
- Old Central Norse:
- Old East Norse: *æiniʀ
- Old Gutnish:
- Gutnish: ain
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old English:
- Old Frisian:
- Old Saxon:
- Old High German: wechalter, wechal, wehhal
- Middle High German: wecholter
- German: Wacholder, Wickel
- Central Franconian:
- Luxembourgish: Wakelter
- Moselle Franconian: Weckelder (Britter), Wakeltisch (Eifel), Wakelter (Eifel)
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pfalzisch: Wacholler, Wackolder, Wäckolder, Wäckelder
- Alemannic:
- Vorarlbergish: Reächotännobeyr
- Swabian:
- Hauefels: Rèakholdr
- Highest Alemannic:
- Middle High German: wecholter
- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Swedish: vikker
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]Literally means "crane-wood", an innovated term I have only been able to locate in the descendants of Old High German. Why cranes were associated with juniper is not quite clear. Something I must research further.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German: chranawitu
- Middle High German: kranewite
- German: Kranwit
- Bavarian:
- Cimbrian: krånebitt, khranebitta
- South Bavarian:
- Plodarish: kronebit
- Middle High German: kranewite
- Old High German: chranawitu
Larix: Larches
[edit]Larch (Larix decidua)
[edit]Not a native term - ultimately a borrowing from Gaulish via Latin and Ancient Greek.
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Malus: Apples
[edit]Apple (Malus domestica)
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Morus: Mulberries
[edit]Morus
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Limburgish: moorbei
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Frankish:
Myrica: Myrtles
[edit]Myrica gale - Myrtle - Gagulaz/Pursaz
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *gagul
- Proto-Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old English: wīr
Ostrya: Hop-Hornbeams
[edit]Ostrya carpinifolia - European Hop-Hornbeam
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Bavarian:
- Tirol: Stoanpuach, Stoanpuêch
- Bavarian:
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- West Flemish: hopbeukn
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Frankish:
Picea: Spruces
[edit]Picea abies - European Spruce - Fiuhtijǭ
[edit]Cognate with Proto-Celtic *ɸuxtākā (Middle Irish ochtach (“pine”)); and Proto-Balto-Slavic *puśis (Lithuanian pušìs (“pine”)). Likely the original Germanic term for spruce.
- Proto-West Germanic:
Only has this meaning in the Low Countries - probably an extension from an original meaning of "pole". It is unlikely this definition can be traced back to Proto-Germanic.
- Proto-West Germanic:
From PIE *gʰreH-, a root originally referring to bristles, and used to form terms for beards, branches, and awns. Probably a metaphorical extension due to the appearance of conifer needles. Not found in any branch other than Norse, so probably a North Germanic innovation (and idiom).
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Frisian:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon:
- North Low Saxon:
- East Frisian Low Saxon: Greinenholt (probably a Norse borrowing)
- North Low Saxon:
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Dutch: green (Ell, Peij, Tungelroy, As); greentje (Altweert; Altweerterheide; Boeket-Heisterstraat; Eind; Hushoven; Keent, Limburg (NL); Laar, Limburg (NL); Leuken; Nederweert; Ospel; Weert, Limburg (NL)) (probably all Norse borrowings)
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Livonian German: Gränbaum (probably a Norse borrowing)
- Middle High German:
- Proto-Norse:
Collective form of the above.
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Pinus: Pines
[edit]Pinus cembra - Stone Pine
[edit][Term?]
[edit]Obscure. Restricted to the Alps.
- Proto-West Germanic:
Pinus mugo - Swiss Mountain Pine
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Bavarian:
- South Bavarian:
- Plodarish: zètte
- South Bavarian:
- Bavarian:
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Bavarian: Latsche
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Pinus sylvestris - Scots Pine - Furhō
[edit]According to Málið.is, related to Latin tollēre, from PIE *telh₂-.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon: Dale
- Middle Low German:
- Old Saxon:
- Proto-Norse:
Collective form of the above.
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse:
- Icelandic: þelli
- Old West Norse:
Possibly related to Scottish Gaelic giuthas, Manx juys, and Irish giúis, all originally meaning a resinous sort of wood, though the Scots Gaelic word has come to be applied to the Scots pine generally. As no other IE cognates have been found thus far, it may be that the parents word is from a substrate. In Old English, the meaning is "torch" - so potentially the original meaning of *kiznaz was also "resinous wood" as opposed to the tree that said wood is from.
- Proto-West Germanic: *kiʀn
Borrowed as Lithuanian kėnis.
Another form meaning "resinous wood" - this is cognate to some of the oldest words for "tree" in the other Indo-European languages, such as Welsh derw and Lithuanian dervà.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse: tjara
Collective form of the above.
- Proto-Norse:
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German: zirben
- Old High German:
Collective of *furhō.
- Proto-Norse:
Probably the original term for pine.
- Proto-West Germanic: *furhu
- Old English: furh
- Old Frisian:
- Saterland Frisian: Fjuurenboom (“pine”)
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch: *fura
- Old High German: forha
- Proto-Norse:
Populus: Poplars & Aspens
[edit]Populus tremula - Aspen - Aspō
[edit]Related to Proto-Balto-Slavic *apse; and possibly as well as the following Brythonic words: Welsh aethnen, Middle Breton eulen, and Old Cornish aidlen (modern Cornish: edhlen). Likely the original Germanic term for both poplars and aspens.
- Proto-West Germanic: *aspu
- Proto Norse:
Collective form of the above.
- Proto-Norse:
Poplar
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- East Low Saxon:
- Brandenburgish: Fladderesche, Fludderpöppel
- East Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old Saxon:
[Term?]
[edit]No Proto-Germanic term, borrowed from Vulgar Latin.
- Proto-West Germanic: *papulā
Prunus: Cherries & Plums
[edit]Prunus cerasus - Sour Cherry
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *weyḱs- (“mistletoe”). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *weiśinjāˀ (“sour cherry”), Ancient Greek ἰξός (ixós, “mistletoe; birdlime”), Latin viscum (“birdlime”).
- Proto-West Germanic: *wīhsilu
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- East Low Saxon:
- Brandenburgish: Wisselbeere
- East Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old High German: wīhsila
- Old Saxon:
[Term?]
[edit]No PGem form, borrowed from Latin.
- Proto-West Germanic: *kirsijā
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon: [Term?]
- Middle Low German: krike
- West Low Saxon:
- Northern Low Saxon:
- East Frisian Low Saxon: krêk
- Northern Low Saxon:
- East Low Saxon:
- Low Prussian:
- Plautdietsch: Kjrieekjel
- Low Prussian:
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German: krike
- Frankish:
- Old High German: kriehhenboum
- Old Saxon: [Term?]
- Old Norse (borrowed from Saxon): [Term?]
Prunus domestica - Common Plum
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Prunus padus - Bird Cherry
[edit]Closely related for the word for "hedge". Presumably because Prunus padus often grew in hedgerows?
- Proto-Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]Obscure. Restricted to the Alps.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Bavarian: Ölexen, Elexsen, Ölasn, Öxn, Ösn
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Zipser German: Tschidrempn, Tschudrenkn
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Prunus spinosa - Blackthorn - Slaihǭ
[edit]Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *sliˀwā́ˀ (“plum”).
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
Pyrus: Pears
[edit]Pyrus communis - Common Pear
[edit]Pyrus cordata - Plymouth Pear
[edit]Pyrus pyraster - Wild Pear
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- East Low Saxon:
- Brandenburgish: Kodde
- East Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old Saxon:
Pear (Pyrus sp.)
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Rhamnus: Buckthorns
[edit]Rhamnus Cathartica
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Danish:
- Danish: vrietorn
- Old Danish:
- Old East Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Swedish: vägtorn (borrowing from Saxon?)
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Frisian:
- West Frisian: stikelhout
- Old Frisian:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Central Franconian:
- Luxembourgish: Dräidar
- Central Franconian:
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon:
- Eastphalian:
- Elbe Eastphalian: Krüüzdoorn
- Eastphalian:
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Kreuzdorn
- Middle High German:
- Old Saxon:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Zipser German: Moognholts
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Zipser German: Hundsbëum
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Quercus: Oaks
[edit]Quercus petraea/pubescens/robur - Oak - Aiks
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old English: āc
- Middle English:
- English: oak
- Middle English:
- Old Frisian: ēk
- Old Saxon:
- Frankish:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Central Franconian:
- Ripuarian: Eech
- Moselle Franconian: Ääch (Western), Eech (Eastern), Eich (Westerwald)
- Kölsch: Eich
- Luxembourgish: Eich
- Rhine Franconian:
- Lorraine Franconian: Eiche
- East Central German:
- Erzgebirgisch: Aach
- German: Eiche
- Alemannic:
- Swabian:
- Hauefels: Òòech
- Milenge: Ooech
- Ulm: Ôich
- Swabian:
- Bavarian: Oach
- Tirol: Oachn
- South Bavarian:
- Plodarish: aiche
- Central Franconian:
- Middle High German:
- Old English: āc
- Proto-Norse:
Likely the original Indo-European word for "oak", we only see the slightest hint of this meaning in the Germanic material in derived words.
Originally coming from a root meaning "old" and "tall", this was later applied to oak trees.
- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish: alda (“oak tree bearing acorns”)
- Old East Norse:
Collective form of the above.
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse: eldi
Salix: Willows & Osiers
[edit]Salix alba - White Willow
[edit]Salix caprea - Great Sallow - Salhô
[edit]Cognate to Proto-Celtic *salixs (Welsh helyg, Irish saileach), and Latin salix - the Germanic term was borrowed as Proto-Finnic *salaga. Likely from a substrate, given it is a term limited to Germanic and Celtic (the Latin word is potentially a Gaulish loan).
- Proto-West Germanic: *salhō
A secondary feminine formation of the primary *salhô or *salhaz.
- Proto-Norse:
Salix cinerea - Grey Sallow
[edit]Salix x fragilis - Crack Willow
[edit]Salix herbacea - Dwarf Willow
[edit]Salix pentandra - Bay Willow - Elustrō
[edit]According to Málið.is, related to Slavic *elьxa (“alder”) from PIE *h₂élis-. According to SAOB.se, related to elo (“yellow”).
- Proto-West-Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
Collective form of the above.
Salix purpurea - Purple Osier
[edit]Salix triandra - Almond-Leaved Willow
[edit]Salix viminalis - Common Osier
[edit]Willow
[edit][Term?]
[edit]Not a Germanic term - from Latin pilum (“javelin”).
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon:
- Westphalian:
- West Munsterlandic: Wäide
- Westphalian:
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Dutch: wijde
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Old High German: wīda
- Middle High German: wīde
- German: Weide
- Central Franconian:
- Luxembourgish: Weed
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pfälzisch:
- HB-Böckw IB-Seelb: Wäid (węid)
- KB-Gauh Orb: Waad (wād)
- Pf außer lothr. SWPf und mittl. Südpfalz: Weid (waid)
- VPf: Wääd (wę̄d)
- mancherorts lothr. SWPf, GH-Kand (um 1930 von älteren Leuten) Neubg: Widd (wid)
- PS-Schweix: Wied (wīd)
- Pfälzisch:
- Middle High German: wīde
- Old Saxon:
- Proto-Norse:
From PIE *weyt-.
From PIE *weyt-.
- Proto-West-Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
Sambucus: Elders
[edit]Dwarf Elder (Sambucus ebulus)
[edit]Cognate with Proto-Celtic *odok-, and possibly Latin actē.
- Proto-West Germanic: *aduk
Elder (Sambucus nigra; Sambucus racemosa)
[edit][Term?]
[edit]No Proto-Germanic or West Germanic form, a borrowing from Proto-Slavic *kalina (“snowball tree”).
- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]No Proto-Germanic or West Germanic form, a borrowing from Proto-Slavic *bъzgъ (“elder”). Compare Slovene bəzə̏g.
Potentially the same as the words in *hul-, through metathesis.
- Proto-West-Germanic:
Found only in the Low Countries.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Frisian:
- North Frisian: Helbosk (Sol'ring); halbuum (Fering); hilebuum (Karrharder, Nordgoesharder); halüügenbuum (Oomrang); hil (Wiedingharder)
- Old Frisian:
- Proto Germanic: *hulandraz (suffixed with *-traz)
- Proto-Germanic: *hullijaz (collective form)
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse: [Term?]
- Icelandic: yllir
- Faroese: ylliniviður
- Norwegian: hyll
- Old East Norse:
- Old Scanian:
- Scanian: hyll
- Blekinge: hyll
- Östergötland: hill
- Västergötland: höll
- Old Danish:
- Danish: hyld
- Old Scanian:
- Old West Norse: [Term?]
- Proto-Norse:
Sorbus: Rowans & Whitebeams
[edit]Scandosorbus intermedia - Swedish Whitebeam
[edit][Term?]
[edit]So named because the wood of this tree was favoured for making cart axels.
- Proto-Norse:
Sorbus aria - Whitebeam
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]Application of term "axel" from the Swedish Whitebeam to the names of other related trees.
- Proto-Norse:
Sorbus aucuparia - Rowan
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Bavarian:
- South Bavarian:
- Plodarish: veiglpeirn
- South Bavarian:
- Bavarian:
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]Borrowed as Northern Sami skáhpi and Lule Sami skáhpe.
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old English: cwīcbēam
- Middle English:
- English: quickbeam
- Middle English:
- Old Saxon: quikbōm
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Quitsche, Queckbeere
- Middle High German:
- Old English: cwīcbēam
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- East Low Saxon:
- Brandenburgish: Blootesche "blood-ash"
- East Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old Saxon:
[Term?]
[edit]Despite how oft-repeated the theory is, it is unlikely that this word is related to the Celtic for for yew *eburos, and the Albanian word for yew *eburusa.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German: ?
- Middle High German: ?
- German: Eberesche "boar-ash"
- Middle High German: ?
- Old High German: ?
[Term?]
[edit]Seemingly only present amongst the alpine descendants of Old High German. A compound of a borrowed word with similarities to French corme (“sorb, service tree”), and Germanic *askaz (“ash”).
- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]Obscure.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Alemannic:
- Highest Alemannic:
- Eastern Waliser:
- Lax: Graggi
- Eastern Waliser:
- Highest Alemannic:
- Alemannic:
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]Seemingly only present amongst the alpine descendants of Old High German. Probably substrate or a borrowing. Similarities with Italian gorgheggio, and also with French corme, and native German Quitsche.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Alemannic: Gürgütsch
- Highest Alemannic:
- Western Waliser:
- South Waliser:
- Alagna: gìrgentsch
- Gressoney: gérgetsch
- Issime: gürgentsch
- Macugnaga: girgitsch
- Rimella: gèrgedsch
- South Waliser:
- Western Waliser:
- Highest Alemannic:
- Alemannic: Gürgütsch
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
(Sorbus) Cormus domestica - Service Tree
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon:
- Westphalian:
- West-Veluws: fluithout
- Westphalian:
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old Saxon:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Speierling
- Central Franconian:
- Luxembourgish: Spierebam
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Sperbe
- Central Franconian:
- Lorraine Franconian: Sperwel
- Rhine Franconian: Sperb
- Pfälzisch: Sperb, Sparwel, Sparb, Schbärwel, Sperwer, Sperber, Sparwe, Sparbe, Sperwe, Sparwle, Sparble, Sperwle
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
(Sorbus) Torminalis glaberrima - Wild Service Tree
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon:
- Westphalian:
- West Veluws: elsbees
- Westphalian:
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Alemannic: Elsbeerbaum
- Central Franconian:
- Luxembourgish: Elsbier
- Middle High German:
- Old Saxon:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Central Franconinan:
- Luxembourgish: Spierebam
- Central Franconinan:
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Taxus: Yews
[edit]Taxus baccata - European Yew - Īhwaz
[edit]Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *éiˀwāˀ (“bird cherry”), Proto-Celtic *iwos (“yew”), and Proto-Hellenic *oiwa (“service tree”).
- Proto-West Germanic: *īhu
- Proto-Norse:
Collective form.
- Proto-Norse: *ᛁᚹᛁᚦᛁᚨ (*iwiþia /īwiþia/).
Another collective form.
- Proto-Norse:
- Elfdalian: åyve
Tilia: Lindens
[edit]Linden (Tilia cordata; Tilia platyphyllos)
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse: lind
Collective form of the above.
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse: lindi
Ulmus: Elms
[edit]Ulmus minor - Field Elm
[edit]Includes the botanical suffix *-draz. Probably ultimately from a root meaning "red".
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- East Low Saxon:
- Low Prussian:
- Plautdietsch: Reesta
- Low Prussian:
- East Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old High German: ruost
- Middle High German:
- Bavarian: Rüster, Rusten
- Alemannic: Riestenbaum, Ruestenbaum, Rüestenbaum, Rüster
- Alsatian:
- Strasbourg Dialect: Růstbaum
- Alsatian:
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pfälzisch: Rusche, Rüsche, Ruschel, Rüschel, Ruste, Rüste, Rustenbaum, Ruster, Rüster
- South Hessian: Rüster
- Middle High German:
- Old Saxon:
Restricted to the Rhine region up to the North Sea Coast. Probably a substrate word. May be related to the words for "maple" in *Vp-, and also perhaps to the name for "yew".
- Proto-West Germanic: *īp-
- Old Frisian: [Term?]
- Old Saxon:
- Frankish:
- Old High German:
Elm (Ulmus laevis; Ulmus glabra; Ulmus minor)
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *elm
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
- East Germanic:
Collective form of the above.
Viburnum: Guelder Rose
[edit]Viscum: Mistletoes
[edit]Mistletoe (Viscum album)
[edit]Unsorted Trees
[edit]Pine, Fir, Spruce
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Bavarian: Tschurtsch
- Cimbrian: tschürtsch
- Bavarian: Tschurtsch
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Poales: Grass & Allies
[edit]Bromus: Bromes
[edit]Bromus tectorum - Cheat Grass
[edit][Term?]
[edit]Connected to the word for "dregs" *drabaz.
- Proto-Germanic:
Lolium: Darnels
[edit]Lolium perenne - English Darnel
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Swedish: renrepe
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
Lolium temulentum - Poison Darnel
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Unsorted Grasses
[edit]Hordeum vulgare - Barley
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Frisian: *jerste
- Saterland Frisian: Jäärste
- Old Saxon:
- Frankish:
- Old High German:
- Old Frisian: *jerste
Agrostis: Bent Grass
[edit]- Proto-West-Germanic: *binut
- Old English: beonet
- Old Frisian:
- West Frisian: bjint
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon:
- Westphalian: Biunten
- East Westphalian:
- Ravensberger Mundart: Bient
- East Westphalian:
- North Low Saxon:
- Westphalian: Biunten
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Frankish:
- Old High German: binuz
- Middle High German: [Term?]
- German: Binse
- Rhine Franconian:
- Lorraine Franconian: Bénse
- Middle High German: [Term?]
- Proto-West Germanic: *beusu
- Proto-Norse:
Dactylis
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Swedish: hundäxing
- Old Scanian:
- Småland: exing
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
Elymus repens - Couch Grass
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
Grass
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Panicum miliaceum - Common Millet - Hirsijô
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
Avena sativa - Oats - Habrô
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Frisian:
- Frankish:
- Old High German:
- Proto-Norse:
Phragmites australia - Common Reed
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Central Franconian:
- Luxembourgish: Lëtsch
- Central Franconian:
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]No Proto-Germanic form, borrowed from Latin scirpus.
- Proto-West Germanic: *skilp
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
Rush
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
Secale cereale - Rye - Rugiz
[edit]Sedge
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *sagi
- Proto-Norse:
Spelt
[edit]Wheat
[edit]Derived from the term *hwītaz (“white”).
- Proto-West Germanic:
Other Plants
[edit]Adenostyles alliariae
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Zipser German: Alpndriizngreschl
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Angelica (Angelica sp.)
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]Obscure.
- Proto-Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]Obscure.
- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Swedish: strätta
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
Bean
[edit]Rhinanthus minor - Yellow Rattle
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Saxon:
- Westphalian:
- West Veluws horde
- Westphalian:
- West Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old Saxon:
[Term?]
[edit]Bobonica
[edit][Term?]
[edit]Briar
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old English:
- Middle English:
- English: briar
- Middle English:
- Old English:
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse:
- Icelandic: brörr
- Old West Norse:
Broom (Cytisus scoparius), (Genista sp.)
[edit][Term?]
[edit]No Proto-Norse form, borrowed from Middle Saxon.
- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Danish:
- Danish: gyvel
- Jutlandic: gejl
- Old Danish:
- Old East Norse:
- Proto-West Germanic: *kagō
- Proto-Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]Derived from *hrīsą (“twig, brushwood, dwarf birch”).
- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Scanian:
- Scanian: hara-ris
- Old Scanian:
- Old East Norse:
Bugloss (Anchusa sp.)
[edit][Term?] (Anchusa officinalis)
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Scanian:
- Blekinge: rast
- Old Scanian:
- Old East Norse:
Possibly borrowed as Finnish rasti.
[Term?] (Anchusa officinalis)
[edit]Literally means "ox-tongue", a calque of the Greek name βούγλωσσον (boúglōsson).
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old English:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Dutch: ossentong
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Old High German: ochsenzunga
- Middle High German:
- German: Ochsenzunge
- Middle High German:
- Proto-Norse:
[Term?] (Anchusa arvensis)
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Swedish: fåretunga
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
Butcher's Broom
[edit]Butterbur
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Swedish: skråp
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
Charlock
[edit][Term?]
[edit]Chickweed
[edit]- Proto-West-Germanic:
Cinquefoil
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse:
- Icelandic: mura
- Old West Norse:
Clover
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *klaiw
Club Moss
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Old Norse: [Term?]
- Westrobothnian: gasveittj (goose-wheat?)
Corn
[edit]Cress
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Dock
[edit]According to Málið.is, related to Lithuanian aũlas (“bootleg”) and Ancient Greek αὐλός (aulós, “flute, cowbane, pipe, tube”); all supposedly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewlós, however, the initial vowel of the PIE form and the Germanic form do not match, as PIE *h₂e usually becomes Proto-Germanic *a.
[Term?]
[edit]According to SAOB.se and Ordnet.dk, from the verb skrappa (“to brag, boast”), apparently because of the crunching sound of leaves? Though I personally can't see why the two words would be connected. Ordbokene.no says the word is from skreppa (“small bag made of reeds”), and I personally think this is far more likely. Málið.is also gives the reed bag definition for skreppa.
- Old Norse: skreppa (possibly??)
Dodder
[edit]Fern
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Old English:
- Old Norse:
- Proto-West Germanic: *farn
Goosefoot
[edit]Gorse
[edit][Term?]
[edit]Grape
[edit][Term?]
[edit]No Proto-Germanic, or even Proto-Norse form. Derived from a Danish borrowing of a West-Germanic (likely Saxon) derivative of *þrūbô.
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse:
- Icelandic: þrúga
- Old West Norse:
Diphasiastrum complanatum - Ground Cedar
[edit]According to Málið.is, this word is derived from *ebnaz (“even”), meaning "the even one".
- Proto-Norse:
Ground Ivy
[edit][Term?]
[edit]Hemp
[edit]Hops
[edit]- *humalaz
- *humalǭ
Horsetail
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Old Norse: [Term?]
- Icelandic: elfting
[Term?]
[edit]- Old Norse: [Term?]
- Icelandic: eski
[Term?]
[edit]
Ladybells (Adenophora lilifolia)
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Zipser German: Driizngskraaedich
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Rosehip
[edit]- Old English: hēope
- Old Saxon: hiopo
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Dutch: joop
- Middle Dutch:
- Old High German: hiofa
- Old Norse: hjúpa
Stonecrop
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Old Norse:
- Icelandic: hnoðri
Thistle
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon:
- Northern Low Saxon:
- East Frisian Low Saxon: stīkel
- Northern Low Saxon:
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old Saxon:
Unknown
[edit]Vine
[edit]Stratiotes aloides - Water Aloe
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West-Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West-Germanic:
Mercurialis perennis - Mercury
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Moss
[edit]- Proto-West German:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Zipser German: Mëus
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Nettle
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon:
- Northern Low Saxon:
- East Frisian Low Saxon: nettel
- Northern Low Saxon:
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old Saxon:
Pea
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Central Franconian:
- Kirchröadsj: Eëts
- Moselle Franconian: Erwes, Erres, Äres
- Ripuarian: Erts, Erds, Ääz
- Central Franconian:
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Pearlwort
[edit]Caryophyllales: Carnation & Allies
[edit]Agrostemma githago - Corncockle
[edit]Seems to be connected with *klintaz (“cliff”).
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
- Old West Norse: klettr
- Old East Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Kornrade
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Limburgish:
- Mofers: steeknaeske
- Limburgish:
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Frankish:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Frankish:
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Limburgish:
- Mofers: krók
- Limburgish:
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Frankish:
Dianthus caryophyllus - Carnation
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Spergula arvensis - Corn Spurry
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Swedish: te (Blekinge)
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Swedish: tryle (Svealand)
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Swedish: nägde (Ångermanland)
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
- Proto-Norse:
- Proto-Norse:
Seems to be restricted to Anglo-Frisian. Variants ending in -d and -k are likely diminutives.
- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]Literally means "water-myrtle".
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon:
- Northern Low Saxon:
- Gronings: watergal
- Wesphalian:
- Dreènts: watergeil
- West Munsterlandic: Waatergäil
- Northern Low Saxon:
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old Saxon:
Gentianales: Gentians & Allies
[edit]Rubia tinctorum - Madder
[edit]Ranunculales: Buttercup & Allies
[edit]Papaver sp. - Poppy
[edit]Aconitum sp. - Wolf's Bane, Monkshood
[edit]Literally means "helmet", from the shape of the flowers.
[Term?]
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Westrobothnian Dialect:
- Nästansjö Dialect: sLAsAn
- Westrobothnian Dialect:
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Zipser German: Juutsche Haubn
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Rosales: Rose & Allies
[edit]Fragaria vesca - Strawberry
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Frisian:
- North Frisian:
- Central Goesharder Frisian:
- Drelsdorf Frisian: Eerdbäie
- Central Goesharder Frisian:
- North Frisian:
- Old Frisian:
Rosa canina - Dog Rose
[edit]Rubus idaeus - Raspberry
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *hindibaʀi
Rubus plicatus/ulmifolius - Bramble, Blackberry
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *brāmijō
- Proto-West Germanic: *brāmabaʀi
- Old Saxon: brāmberi
- Frankish: *brāmabasi
- Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch:
- Dutch: braambes
- Middle Dutch:
- Old Dutch:
- Old High German: brāmberi
Saxifragales: Gooseberry & Allies
[edit]Ribes rubrum - Redcurrant
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Swabian: Träuble
- Bernese: Trübeli
- Rhine-Hessian: Traube
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Rhine Franconian:
- Lorraine Franconian: Grüssel (probably borrowed from French)
- Rhine Franconian:
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Ribes uva-crispa - Gooseberry
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Fabales: Bean & Allies
[edit]Ononis repens - Restharrow
[edit][Term?]
[edit]Ericales: Heather & Allies
[edit]Calluna vulgaris - Heather
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon:
- Westphalian:
- East Westphalian:
- Balver Mundart: Haie
- Ravensberger Mundart: Hoee
- East Westphalian:
- Westphalian:
- West Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old Saxon:
Vaccinium oxycoccos - Cranberry
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Vaccinium uliginosum - Northern Bilberry
[edit][Term?]
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Frisian:
- North Frisian:
- Öömrang: Muurbei
- North Frisian:
- Old Frisian:
Vaccinium vitis-idaea - Lingonberry
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Frisian:
- Saterland Frisian: Krounsbäie
- North Frisian:
- Öömrang: Krüünbei
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- West Low Saxon: Kroonsbeer
- Middle Low German:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Kronsbeere
- Middle High German:
- Old Frisian:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Vaccinium myrtillus - Whortleberry
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old English: horte
- Middle English: hirtleberry
- English: whortleberry, hurtleberry, hurt, whort
- Middle English: hirtleberry
- Old English: horte
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *haiþibaʀi
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Schwarzbeere
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Saarländisch: Wähle
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Brassicales: Mustard & Allies
[edit]Isatis tinctoria - Woad
[edit]Sinapis arvensis - Charlock
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
Asparagales: Asparagus & Allies
[edit]Allium ampeloprasum - Leek
[edit]Cognate with Proto-Slavic *lukъ (“leek”).
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Frisian:
- North Frisian: Look (Sol'ring)
- Old Saxon:
- Old High German
- Old Frisian:
Allium ursinum - Wild Garlic - Hramusô
[edit]Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čermъša, Scottish Gaelic creamh, Ancient Greek κρόμμῠον (krómmuon), Lithuanian kermùšė, and the Iranian source of Proto-Turkic *sarïmsak.
- Proto-West Germanic: *hramusō
Asterales: Aster & Allies
[edit]Achillea millefolium - Yarrow
[edit]Arctium sp. - Burdock
[edit]- Old English: *clǣte, clife, cliþe, clāte
- Old Saxon: kleddo
- Old Dutch:
- Old High German: kletta, chleta
- Middle High German:
- German: Klette
- Lorraine Franconian: Klètt
- Middle High German:
Bellis perennis - Daisy
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- East Low Saxon:
- Plautdietsch: Gaunsebloom
- East Low Saxon:
- Middle Low German:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Gänseblümchen
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: Gensblumm
- Middle High German:
- Old Saxon:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Tausendschön
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old English: dæġes ēage
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: Tagesauge
- Middle High German:
Calendula sp. - Marigold
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Old Norse:
- Swedish: skära
Taraxacum officinale - Dandelion
[edit]*fimfilaz
- Proto-Norse:
*fimfjǭ
*fimb-
- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Swedish: fibla
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
*fi-
- Proto-Norse:
Cicerbita alpina - Alpine Sow Thistle
[edit][Term?]
[edit]No Proto-Germanic form, a loanword from Saami languages - see Inari Saami jerjâ.
- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Westrobothnian: jerj
- Nästansjö Dialect: jArja
- Westrobothnian: jerj
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]Obscure.
- Proto-Norse:
Apiales: Chervil & Allies
[edit]Aegopodium podagraria - Ground Elder
[edit]Related to Lithuanian garšas.
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Norse:
Anthriscus sylvestris - Cow Parsley
[edit][Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-Norse:
- Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish:
- Dalarna Dialect: rackkummin
- Halland Dialect: hästkummin
- Hälsingland Dialect: hundkummin
- Lappland Dialect: hundkummin
- Westrobothnian Dialect: hundkummin
- Nästansjö Dialect: kummingen
- Old Swedish:
- Old East Norse:
Daucus carota - Wild Carrot
[edit]Cognate with Proto-Slavic *mъrky (“carrot”). Probably the original word for "carrot".
- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
[Term?]
[edit][Term?]
[edit]A compound literally meaning "yellow-root".
- Proto-Norse:
[Term?]
[edit]A compound meaning "yellow-turnip".
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- German: gelbe Rübe
- Bavarian:
- Tirol: Gejbe Ruam
- Central Franconian:
- Hunsrik: Gellebrieb
- Rhine Franconian:
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
[Term?]
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old High German:
- Middle High German:
- Alemannic: Rüebli
- Middle High German:
- Old High German:
Heracleum sphondylium - Common Hogweed
[edit]References
[edit]- Einige Plfanzennamen in Zipser Mundart - E. Kövi (accessed through JStor)
- Málið.is
- SAOB
- Den Danske Ordbog
- Etymologie-Online
- Pfälzisches Wörterbuch
- Rheinisches Wörterbuch